WIT Transactions on the Built Environment最新文献

{"title":"SHUTTLES & CO: INFLUENCING AUTONOMOUS SHUTTLE BUSES USING V2X COMMUNICATION","authors":"C. Wille, Jan Trumpold","doi":"10.2495/umt220011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/umt220011","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, there are only a few technical aids or even control methods to accelerate autonomous buses in urban traffic or to provide them with an extended green phase. This is necessary because their speed is very different from other road users. Communication between autonomous buses and the infrastructure using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is already possible and well researched. It is not yet supported by many manufacturers of the control units and also manufacturers of vehicles. In the project, we have researched the development of a new traffic light signal system (LSA) control procedure with innovative traffic light system communication and detection technology and also implemented it in real traffic. The results from the research can currently already be used for small vessel sizes. The offer can be extended by possible on-demand stops and the correct reaction to vehicles with official duties like police, fire department or ambulance vehicles. In particular, interchanges without a driver present or the usual stop infrastructure at virtual on-demand stops require more passenger guidance by autonomous transport modes.","PeriodicalId":23773,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77635713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EMERGING ICT AND PORT COMMUNITY SYSTEMS: A SURVEY OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE","authors":"G. Musolino, Girolamo Peda, F. Russo","doi":"10.2495/umt220111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/umt220111","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging information and communication technologies (ICTs) were identified as the main pillar of the fifth-generation ports. Ports’ issues were solved with stand-alone ICT solutions adopted by each stakeholder. Today new benefits and challenges are connected with the introduction of shared emerging ICTs among port stakeholders, generating efficiencies in the solution of shared decisions. One of the tools that supports the interaction between port stakeholders is the Port Community System (PCS), which has been the object of numerous studies in recent years aimed at defining its benefits in terms of reducing the costs, or disutilities, of port operations. The paper presents a state of the art relating the Port Community Systems (PCS), in which a classification of scientific papers selected from the scientific databases present on the web is reported according to some classification criteria. The results of this analysis show that in the last decade the study and implementation, even experimental, of the PCSs inside ports has undergone a relevant acceleration. This is due to the fact that for port communities, being equipped with the PCS is now of strategic importance since its presence increases the competitiveness of the whole port. The work is useful both for port planners and for technicians of port manufacturing equipment companies, because it allows to identify the potential advantages obtained with the introduction of advanced evolutions of PCS.","PeriodicalId":23773,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87722327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HEALTHY BUILDINGS: A COMBINATION OF NATURE AND TECHNOLOGY CAN SECURE A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE","authors":"Brandon Fuentes","doi":"10.2495/arc220201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/arc220201","url":null,"abstract":"Can buildings be designed to provide people who work in close proximity to each other with physical and emotional comfort or safety, while minimizing the risk of increased viral infection? COVID-19 had a major impact on our country with increased infection rates/deaths, mask mandates, and building occupancy limitations. With the vaccine, mandates were relaxed, including building occupancy levels. Despite this progress, many people are still anxious to work in close proximity to each other in public buildings. This paper seeks to address how healthy building ideals can set the precedent for future public buildings. Healthy buildings are key to bringing back full access to positive communal interaction. Healthy buildings provide for human comfort via advanced building systems, sustainable design thinking, and the utilization low emissive natural materials. Technical innovation and mechanical stability, focusing on indoor air quality and low emissive materials, guarantee occupant safety, while safeguarding a sustainable future. The researcher’s proposition was explored through a graduate design thesis project. The building type utilized was a laboratory research center for contagious diseases. Pfizer, Moderna, and the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research were studied as precedents for their current practices related to viral infectious research. Drawing from nature, the geometry and molecular makeup of the atom was used to derive the building form. The design process focused on a combination of natural flora and sustainable technology to eliminate social and psychological fears, while facilitating the required security levels. The results are presented as both an architectural design proposition and related technical and statistical data for a net-zero design. The paper’s contention is that research design proposals of this nature help promote healthy building ideals, while ensuring a healthy sustainable future. © 2022 WIT Press.","PeriodicalId":23773,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84920455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HOW TO BUILD FOOD-SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND GIVE HEALTH TO THE AGEING URBAN RESIDENTS: A TALE OF TWO COMMUNITY GARDENS IN LISBON, PORTUGAL","authors":"I. Madaleno","doi":"10.2495/arc220091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/arc220091","url":null,"abstract":"Following comparative historical analyses undergone over 20 years of research, both in developed and developing countries from Europe, Africa, Asia and Latin America, the question is: Can you afford to continue building unsustainable cities, under the current climate change challenges? Green corridors were implemented within the municipality of Lisbon, over the last decade, permitting residents and visitors to stroll, ride a bike, and grow their own food in several parks or community gardens approved by the Municipal Council and Assembly. The paper presents two case studies of community gardens established in the capital city of Portugal where food crops, spices and medicines are produced using organic waste from the gardeners’ kitchens, making their households more resilient to climate change and less vulnerable to supply chains, thus reducing the carbon footprint for Lisbon residents. Hope is to contribute to urban sustainability science with good examples of environmental practices within cities and towns, towards a better future for us all.","PeriodicalId":23773,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87480007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOOD ASSESSMENT IN THE CITY OF AL AIN, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES, AND THE IMPACT ON CLIMATE CHANGE (HEAT ISLAND EFFECT ANALYSIS)","authors":"L. Bande, Mouaz Mohamed, Yosan Asmelash, Afra A. Alnuaimi","doi":"10.2495/arc220111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/arc220111","url":null,"abstract":"Al Ain is an important city that has gone through major urban transformation over the last 50 years. These changes impact the development of neighborhoods, especially residential neighborhoods. The morphology of the urban blocks also impacted the heat island effect (UHI). UHI is one of the contributors to climate change. Therefore, having sustainable neighborhoods’ means reducing the UHI and making cities more livable. The methodology to be followed in this study is as residential blocks in Al Ain for analysis of current conditions and proposal for UHI reduction through different strategies, modelling and simulations to create and analyze the models in Rhino Grasshopper and discussing the findings and results. The aim is to divide the work for the two cities and then analyze the current conditions of the neighborhoods. Based on the findings, different strategies can be applied in the residential blocks to reduce the surface temperature of the streets and buildings, therefore reducing the UHI effect. Having sustainable neighborhoods has a direct impact in making cities more livable and improving the climate change. The main tools to be used are Rhino/Grasshopper. Through advanced software, the findings can be optimized and contribute to more sustainable neighborhoods.","PeriodicalId":23773,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80873681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIOMIMICRY APPROACH DESIGN OF PETROL STATIONS WITH INTEGRATING RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE UAE","authors":"A. A. Raed, Alaa ahmed, Ammar Abdelhamid","doi":"10.2495/arc220041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/arc220041","url":null,"abstract":"Highway petrol stations are located outside the main cities in the UAE. Connecting these remote petrol stations to power plants requires trenching for poles or underground cables as well as countless hours of work. The integration of PV solar panels and smart materials such as chromogenic glazing into the design and structure reduces the cost and the environmental impact. Even though solar energy is one of the cheapest sources of energy worldwide, it is challenging to achieve a design that reflects the identity of the city. Modern technology makes it difficult for designers and architects to balance themes such as sustainability, formation, and identity. The goal of the research is to explore the potential of using smart technologies to improve performance and to demonstrate, simultaneously, the most suitable design for optimizing energy for highway petrol stations in the UAE. As an example, the national Ghaf tree of the UAE is a cultural and historical symbol of stability and peace that can withstand harsh environment. This study introduces a reference design for the petrol station. A three-dimensional model using Autodesk Revit and an energy model using the Autodesk Insight program is built for the reference case. Several designs for the petrol station with different surface areas, shape, orientation, and window-to-wall ratio are studied to optimize the energy consumption. Variables such as the location of the oasis, its area, and its services will remain constant. The study concludes that the dynamic characteristics of smart glazing materials can combine not only one objective sustainable design quality, but more than one, including energy efficiency requirements to harmoniously integrate with the surrounding environment play a key role in the development of the transportation sector. To achieve a green, low-carbon transportation system, petrol stations need to reduce their energy consumption. This study introduces a reference design for the highway petrol stations in UAE. The suggested designs integrate energy-efficient buildings with architectural concepts drawn from the classical approach of UAE which is the desert or the futuristic image of UAE.","PeriodicalId":23773,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75400740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KEY FACTORS OF OCCUPANTS’ BEHAVIOUR CHARACTERISTICS AND INDOOR AIR QUALITY PERCEPTION ON OCCUPANCY COMFORT IN MULTISTOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN THAILAND","authors":"Warangkana Juangjandee, Vicki Stevenson, Eshrar Latif","doi":"10.2495/arc220061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/arc220061","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-storey residential buildings in high-density urban areas, especially in a tropical climate like Thailand, tend to suffer poorer indoor environmental quality. Such a significant impact increases the risks of health issues. However, there has been little study exploring the reason and identifying potential solutions. This research tackles the problems of thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) in multi-storey residential buildings in high-density urban areas (2,400 people/km 2 ) in Chiang Mai, Thailand (equatorial, winter dry climate). The survey explored occupants’ behaviour characteristics in relation to their indoor air quality and comfort perceptions. 482 responses from adult occupants were received (400 responses were required for results to have a 95% confidence level). Cronbach’s alpha, Spearman’s rank, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis methods were applied to analyse data; the five key results are summarised as follows: (1) five critical factors for overall comfort satisfaction were identified as temperature, natural lighting, ventilation, room privacy, and humidity (in order of importance); (2) activities which generate moisture (e.g., washing clothes, hanging clothes to dry, cooking) have a strong negative correlation with IAQ perception; (3) factors such as natural lighting and ventilation had a significant positive relationship with IAQ, while humidity and mould had a negative relationship with the IAQ; (4) natural lighting and air freshness were the strongest influences on occupant’s humidity comfort; and (5) ventilation and air freshness positively correlate with ventilation comfort, whereas humidity negatively correlated with the comfort (at a significant level). This study proposes design guidelines to improve the comfort. Built environment professionals from Thailand will be consulted on the proposed design, which may assist architects and engineers in generating IAQ improvement for their occupants, achieving indoor comfort.","PeriodicalId":23773,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72762117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OVERVIEW OF THE PERFORMANCE OF AN EXTERNAL VACUUM INSULATION COMPOSITE SYSTEM","authors":"N. Simões, M. Gonçalves, C. Serra, I. Flores-Colen","doi":"10.2495/arc220031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/arc220031","url":null,"abstract":"The external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) is a construction technology commonly used for insulating building walls. Incorporating a super-insulation material, such as vacuum insulation panel (VIP), ETICS is a solution with great potential for improving the thermal performance of façades towards achieving nearly-zero energy buildings. However, the application of VIPs in buildings presents several challenges that need to be taken into account. Namely, those associated with handling and installation issues, design factors, as well as with the edge thermal bridging that occurs between panels, the doubts surrounding long-term performance and the high investment costs of vacuum technology. Also, conventional ETICS often presents early-signs of anomalies that could be worsened by using VIPs. Thus, many aspects need to be evaluated before VIP based ETICS become a viable solution. The main goal of this paper was to study the feasibility of incorporating a VIP solution into ETICS. For this purpose, an extensive investigation into the solution was carried out, following mainly experimental approaches. First, focus was put on the VIP thermal performance, in particular regarding the edge thermal bridging effect. Then, VIP-based ETICS walls were evaluated in terms of the whole system hygrothermal performance and durability. Real onsite walls and laboratory large-scale test specimens were assessed. New experimental procedures were defined to evaluate the durability of the solution and to enable the early identification of potential anomalies, in particular when exposed to solar radiation. Lastly, the cost-effectiveness of vacuum technology was analysed by means of a life cycle costing assessment. This research indicates that VIPs can be successfully used in ETICS. Nevertheless, such integration needs to be meticulously performed, since concerns specific to VIP installation need to be taken into account.","PeriodicalId":23773,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77805918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTEGRATIVE REINFORCEMENT OF NATURAL FIBER: FABRICATION OF PEANUT SHELL TILES IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION","authors":"Deena El-Mahdy","doi":"10.2495/arc220131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/arc220131","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative recycling materials are one of the most promising strategies in the construction sector for reducing global warming, high energy demand, and carbon emission release. Several studies oriented their research toward encouraging the concept of recycling, reusing, and reducing agriculture plant waste to be integrated into material construction. With a focus on “peanut shell waste”, the paper aims to highlight the possibility of generating lightweight and sturdy units/tiles in building construction. The method first started with evaluating the energy parameters effect of peanut shells in building construction, followed by the experimental test. This test was done by examining a mix of peanut shells with sand and corn starch to generate tiles/brick units. Different form-generation were explored to fabricate the casting mould of the unit. With the use of bio-resin, the mix was cast in the mould and then assembled after drying. The resulting tile’s prototype showed the possibility of using them as 3D units that can be assembled to generate a self-structured element, or as tiles to be used indoors or outdoors. Different architecture applications can be generated from these tiles/units as an alternative to industrial building materials which can decrease the environmental impact of natural waste storage. In addition, these tiles will enhance the thermal performance of the space if it is used as insulation in the walls, which in parallel will reduce carbon emission. Further research is to generate 3D printing filament from peanut shell waste as bio-based material. Another study can assess the difference between peanut shells mixed with clay bricks with traditional fired bricks from a mechanical behaviour and thermal performance point of view for humidity and temperature monitoring.","PeriodicalId":23773,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79060644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GRAPHENE IN ARCHITECTURE","authors":"Moemen Mohamed Ezz, Mohamed ABD EL AL IBRAHIM, Zeyad TAREK EL SAYA","doi":"10.2495/arc220141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/arc220141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23773,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77586507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}