Applied Research in Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Performance of pretreatment materials on hospital wastewater before microfiltration membrane filtration process","authors":"I. Santosa, Daria Br Ginting, Enro Sujito","doi":"10.33292/areste.v2i1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33292/areste.v2i1.22","url":null,"abstract":"An alternative method of treating hospital wastewater can use a microfiltration membrane, where the results showed that the disposal of oily wastewater reached 82.5%, BOD 90%, COD 85%, and total Coli up to 70%. In addition, it can remove particles from wastewater from 0.04 to 100 microns in size. The problem with using microfiltration membranes is the rapid occurrence of fouling/saturation on the surface of the microfiltration membrane, causing the wastewater treatment operation time to be short. The length of this treatment causes the problem of less amount of wastewater being treated and another problem, namely faster membrane replacement. This study aims to determine the performance of pretreatment of microfiltration membranes made of alum, silica sand, and activated carbon for parameters pH, BOD, COD, TSS, Ammonia, Fatty Oil, and Total Coliform. The results of the study were as follows: 1) the average quality of hospital wastewater was temperature 28.8°C, pH 7, BOD 79 mg/l, COD 167.05 mg/l, Total Suspended Solid 68 mg/l, Ammonia 4 mg/l, Phosphate 0.745 mg/l, Fatty Oil 1.64 mg/l, Coliform 2.200 MPN/100 ml. 2) Comparison analysis of the most effective materials on the parameters, for BOD Silica Sand 78.24%, COD 56.25% Silica Sand, Total Suspended Solids 83.42% Activated Carbon, Ammonia Silica Sand 56.49%, Phosphate 80.43 % Activated Carbon, Fat Oil is 80.43% Alum, Coliform is Microfiltration Membrane 40.91%.","PeriodicalId":237717,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research in Science and Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121096920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of soil organic carbon in Ethiopia's major land use types","authors":"Begna Tesema Bekana, A. Mohammed","doi":"10.33292/areste.v2i1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33292/areste.v2i1.21","url":null,"abstract":"The carbon in soils related to the products of living organisms is noted as \"soil organic carbon\" (SOC). Soil is the largest terrestrial carbon sink, containing 2 to 3 times more carbon than the atmosphere and plants, respectively. The objective of this review is to assess and quantify SOC in Ethiopia across main land-use categories, as well as to identify critical gaps and priorities in SOC research and development. The existing literature search using research gateways, Google Scholar, and associated published and unpublished sources was employed as the methodological technique for this review. Previous authors have attempted to analyze and synthesize research on SOC in Ethiopia under major land use types emphasizing on the selected parts of the region. This is a key gap that this review aims to solve. According to the assessment, anthropogenic activities have nearly depleted 45 percent of the country's total landmass at this time. Forest Land (FL) > Grazing Land (GL) > (Cultivated Land) CL was the variable pattern for SOC. The highest SOC content was found in the FL, whereas the lowest was found in the CL. As a result of this analysis and research findings, it can be concluded that minimizing C losses by restoration of vegetation on degraded lands will improve SOC storage in Ethiopia, benefiting farmers and mitigating the current climate change.","PeriodicalId":237717,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research in Science and Technology","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128102541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The plant protection capabilities of extension workers in enhancing Maize (Zea mays L.) production: A case study of District Shangla Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"M. Z. Khan, Tariq Ahmad, Ayesha Khan, U. Pervaiz, Raheel Saqib","doi":"10.33292/areste.v2i1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33292/areste.v2i1.19","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed farmers’ perceptions about plant protection capabilities of extension workers in enhancing maize production in remote District Shangla Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. Educating farmers about modern technologies of crops is the mandate of the extension staff of the provincial agriculture extension department. For this research, two villages were taken purposively from three union councils of Tehsil Besham of District Shangla for data collection through a well-structured interview schedule. A total of 204 farmers were selected for data collection, which was analyzed using SPSS V.20 software. Descriptive statistics, 5 points Likert scale, and Chi-square tests were used. About 32% of respondents were found in the age 26-35 years, 46.6%  respondents have 1-2 acres of land under maize crop while 57.8% maize growers were literate with 20.1% respondents educated up to matric. Maximum (82.4%) growers were getting 6400-12800 kg/acre maize production by cultivating local varieties. Awareness about alternative pest management technique was ranked 1st with the highest mean value of 3.04 and standard deviation of 1.13, and performing pest monitoring on maize were ranked 2nd with a mean value of 2.84 and standard deviation of 1.14. In contrast, identifying symptoms of major insects/pest diseases was ranked 5th with the lowest mean value of 2.67 and a standard deviation of 1.23. Their plant protection issues by educating them on disease-resistant varieties and weather suitability of maize hybrid varieties for higher production through local agriculture programs broadcasted on a local FM channel and pamphlets.","PeriodicalId":237717,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research in Science and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125422007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmers’ perception on grey-headed lapwing (Vanellus cinereus) existence in paddy field surrounding Gifu University, Japan","authors":"Sofa Nur Azizah, M. Senge, Z. Rozaki","doi":"10.33292/areste.v2i1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33292/areste.v2i1.18","url":null,"abstract":"In agriculture practices, besides animal, human activity belongs to the enemy of Grey-headed Lapwing (Vanellus cinereus). This study aims to analyze the farmers’ perception on Grey-headed Lapwing existence in paddy field surrounding Gifu University, Japan. There are 10 farmers who are work in the research area. All of them are farmers. Descriptive method was used in this study, the data were collected with questionnaire. The finding show that farmers ignore the existences of Grey-headed Lapwing. They saw the nest of Grey-headed Lapwing in unplowed area as many as 60% and they found the nest in plowed area (soil tillage) as many as 40%. Although Grey-headed Lapwing has great defense to attack the enemy, but they prefer breeding in safety place. In this case, when human activity do their work in soil tillage period, it can ruin the nests. It means that human activity is one of the factors that influencing the breeding success of Grey-headed Lapwing.","PeriodicalId":237717,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research in Science and Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132346734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical properties of biochar from date palm seed (Phoenix dactylifera L.) under low temperature pyrolysis as soil amendment candidate","authors":"A. Rahmat","doi":"10.33292/areste.v1i2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33292/areste.v1i2.13","url":null,"abstract":"The waste of date palm seeds is abundant in Indonesia, however, the seeds are still regarded as trash from the manufacture of date palm-based products. Dates seed, when processed further, can be a useful resource, one of which is as a raw material in the production of Biochar. The utilization of date palm seeds into biochar is one strategy that can be applied. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical properties of biochar derived from the seeds of palm date (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Making biochar is done by burning the seeds using a furnace with a temperature of 250°C and 350°C, then ground and sieved with a size of 350 micrometers carried out at the Research Center for Limnology and Water Resources. Chemical property analysis using X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF) at the Lampung Advanced Characterization Laboratory- BRIN. The results show there are four macronutrients found in date palm seed biochar namely P, K, Ca, and S. Most composition is Potassium (K). The potassium content of biochar burned at 250 °C is 66.24% while the biochar burned at 350 °C contains 67.189%. In addition, the phosphorus (P) content of biochar burned at a temperature of 250 °C is 6.574% while the biochar burned at a temperature of 350 °C contains 7.429%. Increasing the temperature increases the percentage of Potassium and Phosphorus, but the opposite results in Sulfur (S) and Calcium (Ca).","PeriodicalId":237717,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research in Science and Technology","volume":"548 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116606986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the effectiveness biophysical soil and water conservation structures: A case study of Kiramuworeda, East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Tasfaye Fayera","doi":"10.33292/areste.v1i2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33292/areste.v1i2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Soil erosion is one of the most serious global environmental issues affecting agriculture and soil fertility. On a global scale, water erosion is the most common type of soil erosion in agricultural areas, reducing the soil's ability to support productive agriculture. The efficiency of biophysical soil and water conservation systems must be evaluated before solutions for limiting soil losses may be considered. To promote sustainable land use in the study area, it is critical to understand farmers' knowledge of soil and water conservation structures, as well as the factors that influence their land management practices. Farmers in the study region are well-informed about soil and water conservation structures in general, as well as their causes, indications, and the amount of their plot of land that is susceptible to soil erosion in particular. Furthermore, they feature both traditional and modern soil conservation structures that are successful. However, several impediments to implementing the Soil and Water Conservation structures were found, including a lack of finance, the small area of their land, and other socio-economic and physical aspects. Furthermore, farmers had a highly positive attitude regarding the importance of contemporary Soil and Water Conservation structures. Their awareness, on the other hand, appears to be incorrect. Because they believe that the present SWC Structure is a government-led initiative to rehabilitate highly degraded areas rather than a mechanism of soil and water conservation on agricultural land. They believe that the structures take up a huge portion of a relatively small plot of land, preventing them from properly utilizing it. As a result, it is suggested that the government's policies and strategies, as well as corrective intervention from non-governmental organizations aimed at this issue and community participation in encouraging farmers to participate in soil and water conservation practices, are critical to resolving current poverty, food insecurity, and environmental degradation in the study area.","PeriodicalId":237717,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research in Science and Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122744248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-wildlife conflict: The case of Arjo Dhidhessa sugar factory and its surrounding, Western Ethiopia","authors":"Girma Gizachew, Gutema Jira","doi":"10.33292/areste.v1i2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33292/areste.v1i2.12","url":null,"abstract":"Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) occurs in various forms throughout the world, with a greater influence in developing countries. This is due to fast increasing human populations and increased subsistence agriculture, which reduces wildlife habitat and increases human-wildlife interactions. Wild animals fight for resources with humans in the Arjo Dhidhesa Sugar Factory in Western Ethiopia, and they are in conflict with each other. As a result, this research was carried out to determine the reasons of HWC, as well as the mammals responsible for them. From August 2017 to March 2018, researchers utilized questioner and interview approaches to examine community perceptions toward wildlife and overall cthe result showed that a total of 99.034 sugarcane stalk damage events were registered in all three sample sites both during the dry and wet seasons. Wildlife consumed 46,468 sugarcane stalks during the rainy season, while 52,566 stalks were consumed during the dry season, with the documented damage event varying greatly from site to site. Hippopotamus, Anubis baboon, Warthog, Bush pig, and Buffalo were the most affected by HWC, with agricultural loss occurring throughout both wet and dry seasons. During the wet season, Hippopotamus 16,133 stalks per ha were the most damaged, followed by Anubis baboon 12,484 stalks per ha. Buffalo 5,083 and Bush pig 3,931 stalk per ha did the least damage, placing fourth and fifth, respectively. During dry seasons, Anubis baboon caused the most sugarcane stalk damage (16, 898 stalks per hectare), followed by hippopotamus (16,533 stalks per ha). During both the wet (t = 4.08, DF = 4, P< 0.05) and dry seasons (t =3.73, DF = 4, P< 0.05), there was a significant difference in the damages caused by mentioned fauna. According to the findings, about 67.9% and 25.2 % of all respondents said that HWC expressed itself in crop destruction and livestock predation, respectively. Habitat damage, agricultural development, a lack of feed, and a rise in the population of wild animals are among the explanations cited by respondents. Some of the key crop raider mitigation strategies revealed in this study that were adopted by the investment community and local communities include hanging dead animal parts, habitat disturbance, keeping animals alive by tying them to the side of field, and mass murdering wildlife. These practices are one of the main causes of the extinction of wildlife, making conservation even more challenging. There are currently many human activities in the field of science, which has resulted in many HWCs. As a result, investment decisions should be made based on strong and viable domain choices both commercial and environmental, as well as promoting natural tourism as a viable option for education and conservation education.","PeriodicalId":237717,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research in Science and Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127629847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical waste generation of community health centers (puskesmas) in Magelang Regency, Indonesia","authors":"F. Maziya, Abdul Ghaffar Hadi, Nelly Marlina, A. U. Abidin, Y. Yuriandala","doi":"10.33292/areste.v1i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33292/areste.v1i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of Magelang Regency’s society is registered as participants and actively uses the Indonesian National Health Insurance (JKN). This makes the active role of Community Health Centers as first level service that takes care of health problems. This has an impact on the amount of hazardous waste by the Community Health Centers activities and how to manage it. The study was carried out to identify and calculate hazardous waste generation in Community Health Centers. The study was conducted using a purposive sampling method by examining the Community Health Centers services (e.g., hospitalization and out-patient care) and analyzing medical waste generation based on SNI 19-3964-1994 standard. The study results indicate that the type of Community Health Centers has an impact on the daily generation and composition of hazardous waste. The composition of non-sharp infectious waste produced was as much as 82%, and that sharp infectious waste was 18% average from hospitalization and out-patient care. The potential for waste generated from Community Health Centers in Magelang Regency is as much as 33.66 kg per day. This needs to be reconciled with the increasing knowledge of health workers and sanitarians in handling this. The generation and composition of hazardous waste in Community Health Centers are influenced by several factors, including the type of Community Health Centers service, the number of patients and treatments provided, and the extent of laboratory services.","PeriodicalId":237717,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research in Science and Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124426241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary study on antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix DC) leaf essential oil","authors":"R. Budiarto, R. Poerwanto, E. Santosa, D. Efendi, A. Agusta","doi":"10.33292/ARESTE.V1I2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33292/ARESTE.V1I2.8","url":null,"abstract":"This preliminary study aimed to examine the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of kaffir lime leaf essential oils (KLLEOs) in response to different growing locations and post-harvest handling. This study tested 9 samples, i.e., 8 KLLEOs with variation in growth location and post-harvest handling, and 1 standard citronellal solution. Thin layer chromatography was used to test the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of samples. Eluent in a mixture of hexane: ethyl acetate (5: 1) was chosen because it could provide a clear separation effect under visible light and after being sprayed with vanillin sulfate. KLLEOs originated from brown and green leaf powder had a stronger antioxidant activity than other samples. The sensitivity of KLLEOs to E. coli was lower than S. aereus, as indicated by fewer stains observed in E. coli glass plates rather than S. aereus ones. Standard citronellal compound at a concentration of 5 l ml-1 showed no antioxidant activity and at a concentration of 10 l ml-1 showed no antibacterial activity against both E. coli and S. aereus.","PeriodicalId":237717,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research in Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129275438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Runoff and soil erosion response to clear cutting period of acacia plantation in a headwater mountain of Vietnam","authors":"B. Dũng, Thanh Do Thi Kim","doi":"10.33292/areste.v1i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33292/areste.v1i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the responses of runoff and soil erosion to a clear-cutting period of Acacia plantation in a headwater mountain. Two plots with 15m2 (3m width*5m length) were installed in a headwater mountain of Hoa Binh, Vietnam. Plot 1 remained untreated as the control plot, while plot 2 was clear-cutting in March 2019. Runoff and soil erosion was observed from April to September 2018 for the pre-cutting period with 55 storm events and from March to May 2019 for the post- cutting period with 15 storms-events. Observed data was examined the effects of the cutting period by using paired-plot analysis that compared the control plot and the treatment plot. The main results included: (1) Surface runoff after clear-cutting increased statistical significantly from 0.18 mm storm-1 (corresponding to 0.38 %) to 0.26 mm storm-1 (corresponding to 0.56 %). Paired- plot analysis showed the increase of surface flow is 81.14% after cutting; (2) Soil erosion increased statistically significant after clear-cutting from 228.44 g/storm to 309.27 g/storm on average, the amount of soil erosion due to treatment effect increased 33.1 %. The increase of runoff and soil erosion is quite high after the cutting period. This suggests that plantation management practices to control runoff and soil erosion in the headwater basin are necessary for Vietnam.","PeriodicalId":237717,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research in Science and Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125042672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}