World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Tetrahydrocurcumin-induced apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells involves the TP53 signaling pathway, as determined by network pharmacology.","authors":"Zhuo-Cong Bao, Ye Zhang, Zhao-Dong Liu, Hui-Jun Dai, Fu Ren, Ning Li, Shang-Yu Lv, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v17.i3.101174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v17.i3.101174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant disease with high incidence and mortality worldwide. This study focuses on the TP53 target protein to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) on HCC and its mechanism of action. The research hypothesis is that THC can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells, and promote their apoptosis by regulating the TP53 target protein.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore the mechanism by which THC inhibits HCC cell proliferation <i>via</i> the TP53 signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Potential targets of THC and HCC were identified from multiple databases. The core targets were subjected to analyses using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases, and visualization processing, using the online platform Metascape to identify the key molecules and signaling pathways involved in the action of THC against HCC. The molecular mechanisms of action of THC against TP53 in the inhibition of HCC cells were verified using cell counting kit-8, Transwell, apoptosis, and western blotting assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Molecular docking results showed that THC had a high score for the TP53 target protein. <i>In vitro</i> experiments indicated that THC effectively inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCC cells, and affected the expression levels of <i>TP53</i>, <i>MDM2</i>, <i>cyclin B</i>, <i>Bax</i>, <i>Bcl-2</i>, <i>caspase-9</i>, and <i>caspase-3</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>THC induces the apoptosis of HCC cells through the TP53 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting their proliferation and migration.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":"17 3","pages":"101174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypercoagulation after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy as a new prognostic indicator in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer undergoing surgery.","authors":"Tian-Hao Li, Xiong Sun, Cheng-Guo Li, Yu-Ping Yin, Kai-Xiong Tao","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v17.i3.100927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v17.i3.100927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coagulation status is closely related to the progression of malignant tumors. In the era of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NICT), the prognostic utility of coagulation indicators in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) undergoing new treatments remains to be determined.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine whether hypercoagulation is an effective prognostic indicator in patients with LAGC who underwent radical resection after NICT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 104 patients with LAGC, who underwent radical resection after NICT between 2020 and 2023, was performed. D-dimer and fibrinogen concentrations were measured one week before NICT, and again one week before surgery, to analyze the association between these two indicators and their combined indices [non-hypercoagulation (D-dimer and fibrinogen concentrations within the upper limit of normal) <i>vs</i> hypercoagulation (D-dimer or fibrinogen concentrations above the upper limit of normal)] with prognosis. After radical resection, patients were followed-up periodically. The median follow-up duration was 21 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data collected after NICT revealed that the three-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates the non-hypercoagulation group were significantly better than those in the hypercoagulation group [94.4% <i>vs</i> 78.0% (<i>P</i> = 0.019) and 87.0% <i>vs</i> 68.0% (<i>P</i> = 0.027), respectively]. Multivariate analysis indicated that hypercoagulation after NICT was an independent factor for poor postoperative OS [hazard ratio (HR) 4.436, <i>P</i> = 0.023] and DFS (HR 2.551, <i>P</i> = 0.039). Pre-NICT data demonstrated no statistically significant difference in three-year OS between the non-hypercoagulation and hypercoagulation groups (88.3% <i>vs</i> 84.1%, respectively; <i>P</i> = 0.443).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hypercoagulation after NICT is an effective prognostic indicator in patients with LAGC undergoing radical gastrectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":"17 3","pages":"100927"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is intraperitoneal isoperistaltic side-to-side anastomosis a safe surgical procedure in radical colon cancer surgery.","authors":"Bin Wu, Jing-Tao Zhu, He-Xin Lin, Yu-Hua Dai, Tian-Sheng Lin, An-Le Huang, Yi-Nan Chen, Yong-Wen Li, Hai-Bin Wang, Yi-Fu Chen, Dong-Han Chen, Huang-Dao Yu, Jun You, Qing-Qi Hong","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v17.i3.99124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v17.i3.99124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer, one of the most common malignancies, is primarily treated through surgery. With the widespread use of laparoscopy, gastrointestinal reconstruction remains a key area of research. The choice between intraperitoneal anastomosis (IA) and extraperitoneal anastomosis (EA) remains a subject of considerable debate. This study uses intraperitoneal isoperistaltic side-to-side anastomosis (IISSA) with hand-sewn closure of the common opening to evaluate its safety and short-term outcomes. It is hypothesized that this technique may offer better short-term outcomes than EA.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the safety and short-term outcomes of IISSA with hand-sewn closure of the common opening compared to EA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who underwent laparoscopic radical colon cancer surgery between January 2018 and June 2022 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University were retrospectively analyzed. Surgical, postoperative, and pathological features of the IA and EA groups were observed before and after propensity score matching. Patients with right-sided and left-sided colon cancer were separated, each further divided into IA and EA groups (R-IA <i>vs</i> R-EA for right-sided, L-IA <i>vs</i> L-EA for left-sided), for stratified analysis of the aforementioned indicators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After propensity score matching, 63 pairs were matched in each group. In surgical characteristics, the IA group exhibited less blood loss and shorter incisions than the EA group. Regarding postoperative recovery, the IA group showed earlier recovery of gastrointestinal function. Pathologically, the IA group had greater lymph node clearance. Relative to the R-EA group, the R-IA group experienced reduced blood loss, shorter assisted incisions, earlier recovery of gastrointestinal functions and greater lymph node dissection. When compared to the L-EA group, the L-IA group demonstrated earlier postoperative anal exhaust and defecation, along with a reduced length of hospitalization. Regarding postoperative complications, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups either after matching or in the stratified analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to EA, IISSA with hand-sewn closure of the common opening is a safe and feasible option for laparoscopic radical colon cancer surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":"17 3","pages":"99124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and lactate dehydrogenase-A axis in metabolic changes and aggression in esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma.","authors":"Xia Chen, Hai-Yan Liu, Wu-Bi Zhou, Li-Li Zhang, Jian Huang, Da-Wei Bao","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v17.i3.103450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v17.i3.103450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly aggressive cancer, predominantly affecting populations in Eastern Asia and parts of Africa. Its pathogenesis is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Despite recent therapeutic advances, survival rates remain dismal, underscoring an urgent need for novel therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) in the progression of ESCC and its impact on the metabolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), which is crucial for the glycolytic pathway in hypoxic tumor environments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing transcriptomic data from multiple public databases, we analyzed differential gene expression and conducted gene ontology and transcription factor network analyses. The regulatory impact of HIF1A on LDHA was specifically examined through integrative analysis with HIF1A ChIP-seq data and confirmed <i>via</i> siRNA-mediated knockdown experiments in ESCC cell lines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings reveal a significant upregulation of HIF1A in ESCC tissues, associated with poor prognosis. HIF1A directly regulates LDHA, enhancing glycolysis under hypoxic conditions and contributing to tumor aggressiveness. Knockdown of HIF1A in cell lines not only reduced LDHA expression but also altered key pathways related to cell cycle and apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The critical role of the HIF1A-LDHA axis in ESCC highlights its potential as a therapeutic target, underscoring the need for future clinical trials to validate the efficacy of HIF1A inhibitors in enhancing treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":"17 3","pages":"103450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosome technology: A novel and effective drug delivery system in the field of cancer therapy.","authors":"Jia-Xin Geng, Yao-Fan Lu, Jing-Nan Zhou, Biao Huang, Yuan Qin","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v17.i3.101857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v17.i3.101857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we revisit an article, which specifically focuses on the utilization of exosomes derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for targeted delivery of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer treatment. The experimental results demonstrated that the exosome-based drug delivery system derived from MSCs significantly augmented apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. The biocompatibility, targeting specificity, and low immunogenicity of exosomes render them as optimal carriers for drug delivery, enabling precise administration of therapeutics to diseased tissues while mitigating adverse effects, thereby achieving targeted treatment of cancer cells and significantly enhancing anti-tumor efficacy. However, the clinical application of exosome drug delivery platforms in oncology still presents challenges, necessitating further optimization to ensure their stability and efficacy. This study focuses on elucidating the advantages of exosomes as a drug delivery platform, exploring the utilization of MSC-derived exosomes in oncology therapy, and discussing their potential and future directions in cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":"17 3","pages":"101857"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognosis in stage II colon cancer: Expanding the horizons of risk factors.","authors":"María Belén Novoa Díaz, Claudia Gentili, María Julia Martín, Pedro Carriere","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v17.i2.100552","DOIUrl":"10.4251/wjgo.v17.i2.100552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the following editorial, we discuss the article by Wu <i>et al</i>. In this contribution, we critically review the authors' perspective and analyze the relevance of the results obtained in the original article of clinical research by Liu <i>et al</i>. We consider that additional factors associated with colon cancer progression have recently been described in extensive clinical research, and should be included in this analysis to achieve a more accurate prognosis. These factors include inflammation, gut microbiota composition, immune status and nutritional balance, as they influence the post-surgical survival profile of patients with stage II colorectal cancer. We also address the clinical implementation and limitations of these analyses. Evaluation of the patient´s entire context is essential for selection of the most appropriate therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":"17 2","pages":"100552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements and challenges in esophageal carcinoma prognostic models: A comprehensive review and future directions.","authors":"Jia Chen, Qi-Chang Xing","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v17.i2.101379","DOIUrl":"10.4251/wjgo.v17.i2.101379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we comment on the article published by Yu <i>et al</i>. By employing LASSO regression and Cox proportional hazard models, the article identified nine significant variables affecting survival, including body mass index, Karnofsky performance status, and tumor-node-metastasis staging. We firmly concur with Yu <i>et al</i> regarding the vital significance of clinical prediction models (CPMs), including logistic regression and Cox regression for assessment in esophageal carcinoma (EC). However, the nomogram's limitations and the complexities of integrating genetic factors pose challenges. The integration of immunological data with advanced statistics offers new research directions. High-throughput sequencing and big data, facilitated by machine learning, have revolutionized cancer research but require substantial computational resources. The future of CPMs in EC depends on leveraging these technologies to improve predictive accuracy and clinical application, addressing the need for larger datasets, patient-reported outcomes, and regular updates for clinical relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":"17 2","pages":"101379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: METTL5 promotes cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by up-regulating Toll-like receptor 8 expression in colorectal cancer.","authors":"Ling-Shang Kong, Ran Tao, Yi-Fan Li, Wen-Bin Wang, Xue Zhao","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v17.i2.99728","DOIUrl":"10.4251/wjgo.v17.i2.99728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 2006 in vol. 16, PMID: 38764815.].</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":"17 2","pages":"99728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing rectal cancer liver metastasis prediction: Magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomics, bias mitigation, and regulatory considerations.","authors":"Yuwei Zhang","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v17.i2.102151","DOIUrl":"10.4251/wjgo.v17.i2.102151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we comment on the article by Long <i>et al</i> published in the recent issue of the <i>World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology</i>. Rectal cancer patients are at risk for developing metachronous liver metastasis (MLM), yet early prediction remains challenging due to variations in tumor heterogeneity and the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods. Therefore, there is an urgent need for non-invasive techniques to improve patient outcomes. Long <i>et al</i>'s study introduces an innovative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics model that integrates high-throughput imaging data with clinical variables to predict MLM. The study employed a 7:3 split to generate training and validation datasets. The MLM prediction model was constructed using the training set and subsequently validated on the validation set using area under the curve (AUC) and dollar-cost averaging metrics to assess performance, robustness, and generalizability. By employing advanced algorithms, the model provides a non-invasive solution to assess tumor heterogeneity for better metastasis prediction, enabling early intervention and personalized treatment planning. However, variations in MRI parameters, such as differences in scanning resolutions and protocols across facilities, patient heterogeneity (<i>e.g.</i>, age, comorbidities), and external factors like carcinoembryonic antigen levels introduce biases. Additionally, confounding factors such as diagnostic staging methods and patient comorbidities require further validation and adjustment to ensure accuracy and generalizability. With evolving Food and Drug Administration regulations on machine learning models in healthcare, compliance and careful consideration of these regulatory requirements are essential to ensuring safe and effective implementation of this approach in clinical practice. In the future, clinicians may be able to utilize data-driven, patient-centric artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced imaging tools integrated with clinical data, which would help improve early detection of MLM and optimize personalized treatment strategies. Combining radiomics, genomics, histological data, and demographic information can significantly enhance the accuracy and precision of predictive models.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":"17 2","pages":"102151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metastatic lymph node distribution and pathology correlations in upper and lower gastric cancer patients: A multicenter retrospective study.","authors":"Xian-Bei Yuan, Gang Sun, Jun Niu, Lei Dong, Yi Sui, Yong-Zhu Lv","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v17.i2.98803","DOIUrl":"10.4251/wjgo.v17.i2.98803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastric cancer (GC) poses a significant threat to public health. However, the clinicopathological features and tumor biological behaviors vary among the GC patients, leading to individual variations in lymph node metastasis. Consequently, the stratification of lymph node dissection according to the specific type, particularly upper GC, has emerged as a prominent area of research.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the distribution of metastatic lymph nodes in patients with upper and lower GC and to analyze the differences in related pathological elements and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Differential analysis between upper and lower GC patients with various clinicopathological factors was performed using the chi-square test and rank-sum test. Logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for GC lymph node metastasis, while Cox regression models were used to analyze risk factors affecting patient prognosis. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to construct survival curves associated with prognostic risk factors for GC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed between the two GC populations regarding tumor diameter, histological grade, pT stage, pN stage, tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) stage, vascular invasion, and adjuvant chemotherapy usage (all <i>P</i> < 0.05). Lymph node metastasis rates were highest for Siewert type II patients in groups Nos. 1, 3, 2 and 7; for Siewert type III patients in groups Nos. 3, 1, 2 and 7; and for other/unclassified patients in groups Nos. 1, 3, 7, 2. In the lower GC samples, the sequences were Nos. 3, 6, 7, 4. Pathological type, pT stage, pTNM stage, and positive vascular invasion were independent risk factors for development of lymph node metastasis. Age, pathological type, pT stage, pN stage, pTNM stage, vascular invasion, and absence of adjuvant chemotherapy were identified as independent prognostic factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Upper GC showed a significantly higher malignancy grade and different lymph node metastasis pattern than lower GC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":"17 2","pages":"98803"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}