World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology最新文献

{"title":"<i>Streptococcus anginosus</i> in the development and treatment of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer.","authors":"Su-Ting Qian, Hao-Yu Zhao, Fei-Fei Xie, Qing-Sheng Liu, Dan-Li Cai","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3771","DOIUrl":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microbiota is strongly association with cancer. Studies have shown significant differences in the gastric microbiota between patients with gastric cancer (GC) patients and noncancer patients, suggesting that the microbiota may play a role in the development of GC. Although <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) infection is widely recognized as a primary risk factor for GC, recent studies based on microbiota sequencing technology have revealed that non-<i>H. pylori</i> microbes also have a significant impact on GC. A recent study discovered that <i>Streptococcus anginosus</i> (<i>S. anginosus</i>) is more prevalent in the gastric mucosa of patients with GC than in that of those without GC. <i>S. anginosus</i> infection can spontaneously induce chronic gastritis, mural cell atrophy, mucoid chemotaxis, and heterotrophic hyperplasia, which promote the development of precancerous lesions of GC (PLGC). <i>S. anginosus</i> also disrupts the gastric barrier function, promotes the proliferation of GC cells, and inhibits apoptosis. However, <i>S. anginosus</i> is underrepresented in the literature. Recent reports suggest that it may cause precancerous lesions, indicating its emerging pathogenicity. Modern novel molecular diagnostic techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction, genetic testing, and Ultrasensitive Chromosomal Aneuploidy Detection, can be used to gastric precancerous lesions <i>via</i> microbial markers. Therefore, we present a concise summary of the relationship between <i>S. anginosus</i> and PLGC. Our aim was to further investigate new methods of preventing and treating PLGC by exploring the pathogenicity of <i>S. anginosus</i> on PLGC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics of patients with early gastric prematurity cancer and analysis of complications by endoscopic resection.","authors":"Hong Zhao, Xiang-Yu Shi, Li-Li Lv, Yan-Zong Lai, Xiao-Xiao Bao, Jian-Wen Hu","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3898","DOIUrl":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3898","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Gastric cancer, a prevalent malignancy, poses a severe threat to the health of residents in China. Timely intervention in early stages can extend patients' survival.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;To analyze clinical characteristics of patients with early gastric cancer and efficacy and risk of complications associated with endoscopic resection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study included 175 patients with early gastric cancer treated at our hospital, with no restrictions on sex or age. General data, pathological information, and endoscopic biopsy results were obtained. The clinical characteristics of early gastric cancer were analyzed, and endoscopic resection was performed. Postoperative efficacy and incidence of complications were monitored. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.0 software.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 175 patients with early gastric cancer were included, with 75.43% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 132) males and 24.57% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 43) females. 38.29% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 67) and 35.43% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 62) of patients had a history of smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively. Comorbidities included diabetes (8.57%, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 15), coronary heart disease (10.29%, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 18), and hypertension (43.43%, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 76), which was highly prevalent. A history of abdominal surgery and family history of digestive system cancer accounted for 21.14% and 17.14%, respectively. The most common lesion location was the antral part of the stomach (52.00%, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 91), followed by the gastric angle, body, and fundus. The pathological types were predominantly high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (28.00%, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 49) and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (26.86%, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 47), followed by moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, high-moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and moderate-lowly differentiated adenocarcinoma. 89.14% of the patients had intestinal metaplasia and 85.14% had atrophy. After endoscopic resection, re-examination revealed that 13 patients had cancer cells at the tissue margin, with a positive margin rate of 7.43%. Postoperative complications included no cases of gastrointestinal obstruction, but incisional infection (2.86%, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 5), gastric perforation (1.14%, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 2), and gastric bleeding (4%, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 7) were present, with an overall incidence of 8.00%.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Analysis of the clinical characteristics indicated that early gastric cancer is more prevalent in males with a history of hypertension, with lesions most commonly occurring in the antral region of the stomach. The pathological types are often high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, with over 85% of patients having comorbid intestinal metaplasia and atrophy. Despite endoscopic resection, a positive margin rate persisted, indicating a probability of residual cancer at the margins. Postoperative complications, such as g","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erythropoietin-induced hepatocyte receptor A2 regulates effect of pyroptosis on gastrointestinal colorectal cancer occurrence and metastasis resistance.","authors":"Yu-Kun Zhang, Ran Shi, Ruo-Yu Meng, Shui-Li Lin, Mei Zheng","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3781","DOIUrl":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Erythropoietin-induced hepatocyte receptor A2 (EphA2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a key role in the development and progression of a variety of tumors. This article reviews the expression of EphA2 in gastrointestinal (GI) colorectal cancer (CRC) and its regulation of pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death that plays an important role in tumor suppression. Studies have shown that EphA2 regulates pyrodeath through various signaling pathways, affecting the occurrence, development and metastasis of GI CRC. The overexpression of EphA2 is closely related to the aggressiveness and metastasis of GI CRC, and the inhibition of EphA2 can induce pyrodeath and improve the sensitivity of cancer cells to treatment. In addition, EphA2 regulates intercellular communication and the microenvironment through interactions with other cytokines and receptors, further influencing cancer progression. The role of EphA2 in GI CRC and its underlying mechanisms provide us with new perspectives and potential therapeutic targets, which have important implications for future cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two different mutational types of familial gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Two case reports.","authors":"Xiao-Ke Wang, Lu-Fan Shen, Xin Yang, He Su, Tao Wu, Peng-Xian Tao, Hong-Ying Lv, Tong-Han Yao, Lin Yi, Yuan-Hui Gu","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.4028","DOIUrl":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.4028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and cases of GISTs tend to be of the disseminated type, with a global incidence of 10 to 15 cases/million each year. The rarer familial GISTs, which often represent a population, differ in screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Familial GISTs include primary familial GISTs with predominantly KIT/PDGFRA mutations and wild-type GISTs. However, whether the same genetic family has different phenotypes has not been reported.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>We report two cases of rare GISTs in the same family: A male patient with the V561D mutation in exon 12 of the <i>PDGFRA</i> gene, who has been taking the targeted drug imatinib since undergoing surgery, and a female patient diagnosed with wild-type GIST, who has been taking imatinib for 3 years since undergoing surgery. The favorable prognosis of these patients during the 7-year follow-up period validates the accuracy of our treatment strategy, and we have refined the entire process of diagnosis and treatment of familial GISTs in order to better manage this rare familial disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Different mutation types of familial GISTs in the same family are very rare, thus it is very important to make the correct diagnosis and treatment strategies according to the results of molecular detection for the management of familial GISTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of oxaliplatin and trastuzumab combination therapy on tumor markers and T lymphocyte subsets for advanced gastric cancer.","authors":"Cheng-Wan Zheng, Yun-Mo Yang, Hui Yang","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3905","DOIUrl":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Advanced gastric cancer (AGC) remains a challenging malignancy with poor prognosis. The combination of oxaliplatin and trastuzumab has shown promising results in AGC treatment. This study aimed to investigate the effects of oxaliplatin and trastuzumab combination therapy on serum tumor markers and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with AGC and to explore their potential as predictive biomarkers for treatment response.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the impact of oxaliplatin and trastuzumab combination therapy on serum markers and T cell subsets in patients with AGC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study enrolled 60 patients with AGC. All patients received oxaliplatin (130 mg/m², every 3 weeks) and trastuzumab (8 mg/kg loading dose, followed by 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks) for six cycles. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and cancer antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) were measured before and after treatment. T-lymphocyte subsets, including CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+ /CD8+ ratios, were also evaluated. The clinical response was assessed using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After six cycles of treatment, the CEA, CA19-9, and CA72-4 serum levels significantly decreased compared to baseline levels (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The percentages of CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes increased significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05), whereas the percentage of CD8+ T lymphocytes decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The CD4+/CD8+ ratio also significantly increased after treatment (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Patients with a higher decrease in serum tumor markers (≥ 50% reduction) and a higher increase in CD4+/CD8+ ratio (≥ 1.5-fold) showed better clinical response rates (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oxaliplatin and trastuzumab combination therapy effectively reduced serum tumor marker levels and modulated T lymphocyte subsets in patients with AGC. Combination therapy not only has a direct antitumor effect, but also enhances the immune response in patients with AGC. Serum tumor markers and T lymphocyte subsets may serve as potential predictive biomarkers for treatment response in patients with AGC receiving combination therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic value of <i>PEA3</i> subfamily gene expression in cholangiocarcinoma.","authors":"Li Wang, Zhe Zhang, Hai-Zhang Ma","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.4014","DOIUrl":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.4014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a lethal malignancy with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. The <i>PEA3</i> subfamily of E26 transformation specific genes: <i>ETV1</i>, <i>ETV4</i>, and <i>ETV5</i> are known to play significant roles in various cancers by influencing cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To analyze <i>PEA3</i> subfamily gene expression levels in CCA and their correlation with clinical parameters to determine their prognostic value for CCA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The expression levels of <i>PEA3</i> subfamily genes in pan-cancer and CCA data in the cancer genome atlas and genotype-tissue expression project databases were analyzed with R language software. Survival curve and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed using the SurvMiner, Survival, and Procr language packages. The gene expression profiling interactive analysis 2.0 database was used to analyze the expression levels of <i>PEA3</i> subfamily genes in different subtypes and stages of CCA. Web Gestalt was used to perform the gene ontology/ Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (GO/KEGG) analysis, and STRING database analysis was used to determine the genes and proteins related to <i>PEA3</i> subfamily genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>ETV1</i>, <i>ETV4</i>, and <i>ETV5</i> expression levels were significantly increased in CCA. There were significant differences in <i>ETV1</i>, <i>ETV4</i>, and <i>ETV5</i> expression levels among the different subtypes of CCA, and predictive analysis revealed that only high <i>ETV1</i> and <i>ETV4</i> expression levels were significantly associated with shorter overall survival in patients with CCA. GO/KEGG analysis revealed that <i>PEA3</i> subfamily genes were closely related to transcriptional misregulation in cancer. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> experiments revealed that <i>PEA3</i> silencing inhibited the invasion and metastasis of CCA cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The expression level of <i>ETV4</i> may be a predictive biomarker of survival in patients with CCA.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Senegenin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating O-GlcNAcylation.","authors":"Xiang Zhang, Li-Qiong Wang, Zhi-Yong Liu","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3994","DOIUrl":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Based on current knowledge, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a condition with numerous etiologies and risk factors. However, the pathogenesis of HCC remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the roles of senegenin and O-GlcNAcylation in the growth and metastasis of HCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The levels of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcylation in HCC cells and tissues were detected using western blot analysis. The effects of senegenin and O-GlcNAcylation on the proliferation of HCC cells were investigated <i>in vitro</i> using cell counting kit-8 and clonogenic assays. The potential effects of senegenin and O-GlcNAcylation on HCC metastasis were examined using the transwell migration assay. O-GlcNAcylation levels were altered <i>via</i> drug treatment and lentiviral infection, and western blot analysis was used to detect proteins involved in various pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Western blot analysis revealed that OGT and O-GlcNAcylation levels were significantly elevated in HCC tissues and cells. O-GlcNAcylation levels in HCC cells were significantly altered by drug treatment and lentiviral infection. An increase in the glycosylation level was linked to enhanced proliferation, invasiveness, clonogenicity, and metastatic potential of cancer cells. O-GlcNAcylation induced by senegenin was found to slow the proliferation and migration of HCC cells. The levels of proteins involved in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways, which are associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress, were altered.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Senegenin lowers O-GlcNAcylation levels, decreases OGT expression, and inhibits cancer cell growth and metastasis by regulating proteins involved in NF-κB and JNK pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of gastrointestinal cancers among working-age population over past thirty years in China.","authors":"Yu Dong, Zhuan-Zhuan Fan, Wen-Ting Li, Jian Kang, Yan Zhang, Yue Guan, Hui-Qing Xu, Jie Yuan, Fei Xu","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3955","DOIUrl":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although gastrointestinal (GI) cancers have been becoming a great public health concern in China, there is currently a lack of comprehensive literature on the overall burden and changing trends of GI cancers in the working-age population.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the burden of GI cancers and to examine the overall, age- and gender-specific trends among the working-age population in China from 1990 to 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The burden of GI cancers was indicated by incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate, and age-standardized DALYs rate. Trends in the burden of GI cancers from 1990 to 2019 were examined using annual percent change and average annual percent change with Joinpoint regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For overall GI cancers, a declining trend was observed in the ASIR, age-standardized mortality rate, and age-standardized DALYs rate, with reductions of 0.74%, 2.23%, and 2.22%, respectively, from 1999 to 2019 in the Chinese working-age population. However, an increasing trend was observed in the ASIR for overall GI cancers from 2016-2019. The number of either incident cases, mortality cases, and DALYs was higher for colon/rectum cancer and liver cancer in younger participants but lower for esophageal, gallbladder, biliary tract, pancreatic, and stomach cancer among older subjects. Moreover, sex disparity in the GI cancers burden was also examined over 30 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The total burden of GI cancers remained heavy among the working-age population in China, although declining trends were observed from 1999 to 2019. Disparities in the GI cancers burden existed between sexes, age groups, and cancer types. Population-based precision prevention strategies are needed to tackle GI cancers among working-age individuals, considering the age, sex, and cancer type disparities in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and evaluation of a liver cancer risk prediction model based on machine learning.","authors":"Ying-Ying Wang, Wan-Xia Yang, Qia-Jun Du, Zhen-Hua Liu, Ming-Hua Lu, Chong-Ge You","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3839","DOIUrl":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Liver cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide, and its early detection and treatment are crucial for enhancing patient survival rates and quality of life. However, the early symptoms of liver cancer are often not obvious, resulting in a late-stage diagnosis in many patients, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of treatment. Developing a highly targeted, widely applicable, and practical risk prediction model for liver cancer is crucial for enhancing the early diagnosis and long-term survival rates among affected individuals.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To develop a liver cancer risk prediction model by employing machine learning techniques, and subsequently assess its performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, a total of 550 patients were enrolled, with 190 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 195 cirrhosis patients serving as the training cohort, and 83 HCC and 82 cirrhosis patients forming the validation cohort. Logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression models were developed in the training cohort. Model performance was assessed in the validation cohort. Additionally, this study conducted a comparative evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy between the ASAP model and the model developed in this study using receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) to determine the optimal predictive model for assessing liver cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six variables including age, white blood cell, red blood cell, platelet counts, alpha-fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II levels were used to develop LR, SVM, RF, and LASSO regression models. The RF model exhibited superior discrimination, and the area under curve of the training and validation sets was 0.969 and 0.858, respectively. These values significantly surpassed those of the LR (0.850 and 0.827), SVM (0.860 and 0.803), LASSO regression (0.845 and 0.831), and ASAP (0.866 and 0.813) models. Furthermore, calibration and DCA indicated that the RF model exhibited robust calibration and clinical validity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The RF model demonstrated excellent prediction capabilities for HCC and can facilitate early diagnosis of HCC in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective analysis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma complicated with human immunodeficiency virus infection after hepatectomy.","authors":"Jia-Jie Lu, Shuai Yan, Lin Chen, Lin-Ling Ju, Wei-Hua Cai, Jin-Zhu Wu","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3851","DOIUrl":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3851","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with a 5-year relative survival rate of approximately 18%. The similarity between incidence and mortality (830000 deaths per year) underscores the bleak prognosis associated with the disease. HCC is the fourth most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death in China. Most patients with HCC have a history of chronic liver disease such as chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, alcoholism or alcoholic steatohepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are the keys to improving the prognosis of patients with HCC. Although the total number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients is declining globally the incidence of HCC is increasing in HIV-infected patients, especially those who are coinfected with HBV or HCV. As a result, people infected with HIV still face unique challenges in terms of their risk of developing HCC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate the survival prognosis and clinical efficacy of surgical resection in patients with HCC complicated with HIV infection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The clinical data of 56 patients with HCC complicated with HIV admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from January 2013 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Among these, 27 patients underwent hepatectomy (operation group) and 29 patients received conservative treatment (nonoperation group). All patients signed informed consents in line with the provisions of medical ethics. The general data, clinicopathological features and prognoses for the patients in the two groups were analyzed and the risk factors related to the prognoses of the patients in the operation group were identified.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The median disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of HIV-HCC patients in the surgical group were 13 months and 17 months, respectively, and the median OS of patients in the nonsurgical group was 12 months. The OS of the surgical group was significantly longer than that of the control group (17 months &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt; 12 months, respectively; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). The risk factors associated with DFS and OS in the surgical group were initial HIV diagnosis, postoperative microvascular invasion (MVI), a CD4+ T-cell count &lt; 200/μL, Barcelona stage C-D, and men who have sex with men (MSM; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Hepatectomy can effectively prolong the survival of patients with HIV-HCC but MVI identified during postoperative pathological examination, late tumor detection, late BCLC stage, CD4+ T &lt; 200/μL and MSM are risk factors affecting the survival and prognosis of patients undergoing hepatectomy. In addition, there were significant differences between the surgical group and the nonsurgical group in terms of the initial","PeriodicalId":23762,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}