World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practice of substance abuse among adolescent in south-west Nigeria","authors":"Emmanuel Sunday Oni, Emmanuel Ayomide Oni, Paul Olaiya Abiodun, Olukayode Oladeji Alewi, Monisola Florence Alewi, Folake Abiola Abiodun, Mabel Ife Omotoriogun","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.1798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.1798","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Gaining understanding of the knowledge, perception, and practice of substance abuse among Adolescent in southwest Nigeria. Study Design: A non-experimental research design was used for the study, and a total of 133 respondents were selected from cross sectional administered questionnaire in selected secondary schools in Owo Metropolis, Ondo State, Nigeria. The study was carried out at Achievers University Owo, Southwestern Nigeria. Methodology: Questionnaire from the respondents was used, was simple comprising of logically and easily understandable questions relating to the topic and answering the research question. The questionnaire was made to measure what it is supposed to measure as accurately and consistently as possible. The statical results of the descriptive data were obtained using the Statical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20) and relevant descriptive and inferential statistical method was employed. Results: The results revealed a total of 133 students from four different schools in Ile-East Local Government area in Ondo State, Nigeria. The demographic data showed that there were more males among these schools representing 60.2% of the entire sample size. Majority of the sample size also showed between 15 and 16 years old representing 47.4% and 21.8% respectively. 91.7% of them had received information about substance abuse, most of them from their peers (49.6%) and school (27.8%). 78.2% of the respondents indicated, that they had never used psychoactive substance before, majority gave several reasons such as it is a bad for their health which took most reason (38.3%), other reasons include fear of the repercussions (11.3%), and other gave no reason (17.35). Minority of them admitted having used psychoactive substances at a time (21.8%) and 125 of this minority agree that they used it occasionally, when it is available and at parties. 34.6% of the respondents had a family members that abuses drugs or other psychoactive substances, most of them were relatives (15.8%) and their fathers (12.8%), which shows influence family members and relatives have on substance abuse. Conclusion: The adolescents were analyzed to have fair knowledge of substance abuse, its effect as well as a fair attitude towards it.","PeriodicalId":23739,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best practices in teaching reading: A phenomenological study","authors":"Roverjean N. Garcia, Roverjean Nocos, Romulo Gonzales Doronio","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2042","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the lived experiences, strategies, best practices, and suggestions of reading teachers in teaching reading in the Montevista District, Davao de Oro. Utilizing a qualitative-phenomenological research method, data were collected through random sampling from eight reading teachers across four participating schools using individual in-depth interviews. The results revealed that reading teachers experienced difficulties in teaching reading, primarily due to the lack of early phonological awareness instruction in the lower grades. Additionally, the study identified several effective teaching strategies, including the use of individualized teaching methods, video materials, and the early introduction of phonological awareness. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that emphasizing phonological awareness at an earlier stage, regularly following up on learners' development, and involving parents in understanding their child’s reading skills and progress are crucial. The study recommends that the reading coordinator of Montevista District in Davao de Oro implement more diverse reading strategies, provide additional materials, and offer more training opportunities for teaching reading.","PeriodicalId":23739,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The party’s role on the management of Nabire nature tourism park in Kimi Bay District of Nabire Regency","authors":"Meryanti Watta, Anton S. Sinery, Bernadetta M. Sadsoetoeboen, Budi Setiawan, Ice Anugrah Sari","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2036","url":null,"abstract":"This research study was to determine the parties, roles, interests and influence of the parties and the collaboration relationship of the parties in the management of Nab ire TWA in Kimi Bay District, Nab ire Regency. Based on the results of the study, it was known that there were 21 parties in the management of Nab ire TWA based on entities as government and community including BBKSDA Papua, KSDA Region II Nab ire Division, Head of Air Mandidi Village, Head of Kimi Bay District, Nab ire Regency Culture, Youth, Sports and Tourism Office, DLH, DPUPR, Nab ire Regency Education Office, BAPPEDA, Dispenda, BPN/ATR, USWIM, Customary Rights Owners, Traditional Leaders, Women Leaders, Youth Leaders, HIPETA NGOs, Tourist Attraction Owners, Visitors and Communities Around TWA. The role of the parties to the level of influence and importance based on grouping in the quadrant assessment, namely as a group of key players consisting of the Papua BBKSDA, Nab ire Region II KSDA Division and Customary Rights Owners. The context setter group, namely the Nab ire Regency Environment Office, the Nab ire Regency PUPR Office, the Head of Air Mandidi Village, the Head of Kimi Bay District, traditional leaders, youth leaders, leaders, women and community leaders. The subject group, namely the Nab ire Regency Culture, Youth, Sports and Tourism Office, Nab ire Regency Dispenda, USWIM, HIPETA NGO, Communities Around TWA and Tourist Attraction Owners. The crowd group, namely the Nab ire Regency Education Office, BPN / ATR and visitors. The highest value of the level of influence and importance in the management of TWA was 22 (twenty-two) by BBKSDA Papua and the Nab ire Region II KSDA Division as the controlling authority in the implementation and decision making of Nab ire TWA management. Furthermore, the lowest value of the level of influence and importance of 5 (five) was the visitors. The visitors benefit from TWA Nab ire. Although the level of importance and influence was low and not directly involved in management, visitors could be educated about the management of TWA which was different from other tourist attractions. Knowledge about the existence of conservation areas that still maintain the existence of surrounding natural resources. Cooperative relationships based on interaction, continuity, synergy, strength by key players had a value of 4.3 with the highest value. Furthermore, the subject group had a value of rights, responsibilities and benefits of 3, the context setter group had a value of 2.9 and finally the crowd group had a value of rights, responsibilities and benefits of 1.7 which indicated that the value of rights, responsibilities and benefits of the parties would be lower as the level of influence and interest in the management of Nab ire TWA decreases.","PeriodicalId":23739,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of heat effects of topochemical esterification of cellulose","authors":"Michael Ioelovich","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2136","url":null,"abstract":"This research studied the heat effects of topochemical esterification of cellulose, namely, nitration and acetylation. Depending on the conditions, the esterification process can occur in two main topochemical directions: bulk and local. In a bulk process, the reagent reacts with both amorphous domains (ADs) and crystallites (CRs) of cellulose. However, in local esterification, the reagent reacts with the most accessible ADs only, whereas CRs remain almost unreacted. It has been established that the bulk nitration of cellulose to a substitution degree (DS) of 1.5 is endothermic and determined primarily by the temperature-entropy component of the Gibbs potential. However, the reaction of bulk nitration of cellulose to higher DP values becomes exothermic; thus, the feasibility of this reaction is determined by the enthalpy component of the Gibbs potential. Unlike nitration, the bulk acetylation of cellulose is always an exothermic process, regardless of the achieved degree of substitution; therefore, this esterification process can probably be implemented due to the reaction enthalpy's predominant contribution to the Gibbs potential. In the case of local esterification of ADs, the main contribution to the negative Gibbs potential is made by the exothermic enthalpy of the reaction. Besides, the local acetylation is more exothermic than the local nitration process. Since the locally substituted esters are copolymers of amorphous hydrophobic ester and crystalline cellulose, these esters should be significantly less hydrophilic than cellulose. Therefore, it can be expected that local esterification will find a wide practical application for the inexpensive hydrophobization of various cellulose materials.","PeriodicalId":23739,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized techniques for constructing the generating functions of some algebraic and rational functions","authors":"Justina Ebele Okeke, Chika Moore, Elias Ikechukwu Chukwuma","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.1929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.1929","url":null,"abstract":"We construct generating functions for general forms of certain classes of algebraic and rational functions using only basic tools of Mathematics. This approach unifies, extends and generalizes several techniques of constructing generating functions.","PeriodicalId":23739,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases","authors":"Imane Bensaghir, Hanan Rkain, Ilham Aachari, Latifa Tahiri, Youssef Bentaleb, Laila Benbrahim, Kenza Hassouni, Redouane Abouqal, Lahsen Achemlal, Laila Najdi, Najia Hajjaj-Hassouni, Fadoua Allali","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.1986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.1986","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This survey explores how patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases perceive the COVID-19 vaccine and what factors influence their decision to get vaccinated. Methods: This anonymous phone survey employs a cross-sectional design to gather data from adult Moroccan patients (over 18 years old) diagnosed with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (CIRD), including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthropathy, and undifferentiated CIRD. Results: A total of 321 participants responded to the questionnaire. The mean age of patients was 47.6±12 years and women represented 65.7% of the study population. The intention to vaccinate against Covid-19 was reported in 34.6% of the cases. Beliefs that Covid-19 vaccines were man-made, and that they are intended to inject microchips into recipients and that the vaccines were made to force people to get vaccinated were found in 22.7%, 3.2% and 8.7% of respondents, respectively. In univariate and multivariate analysis, the conspiracy beliefs that were associated with vaccination intention were the idea that Covid-19 vaccine was made to force people to get vaccinated (p<0.001) and to reduce world’s population (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study revealed a low vaccination intention against COVID-19 among Moroccan CIRD patients. This association between COVID-19 vaccine conspiracy theories and vaccine hesitancy highlights the need for targeted awareness campaigns to combat misinformation and improve vaccine acceptance within this population.","PeriodicalId":23739,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Distributed Generation in DC Microgrids: A Comprehensive Study","authors":"Shadaksharaiah Chandraiah, Basavarajappa Sokke Rameshappa, Manjunatha Malleshappa Hirekere, Karibasavaraju Shivalingappa Telagi, Arunkumar Parashuramappa","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2143","url":null,"abstract":"This thorough examination offers a critical analysis of the intricate relationship between Distributed Generation (DG) and DC microgrids. It provides a thorough analysis of basic ideas, sophisticated control techniques, technological developments, and useful applications in actual situations. In the framework of a paradigm shift towards decentralized energy solutions, this study investigates the efficacy of Direct Current (DC) microgrids in integrating and optimizing diverse distributed generation sources. The study conducts a critical analysis of the challenges and possibilities related to various distributed generation technologies and renewable energy systems. For scientists, engineers, and policymakers engaged in the challenging task of incorporating dispersed energy into current systems, it offers crucial perspectives. This review is an important tool that advances our knowledge of distributed generation in DC microgrids. It contributes significantly to the development of discussions on resilient and sustainable energy solutions. In addition to discussing the challenges associated with DG integration, this study highlights real-world examples that highlight the adaptability and efficiency of DC microgrid designs. Because it includes a thorough examination of power electronics, energy storage, and advanced control systems, this study is an invaluable resource for stakeholders hoping to take advantage of DC microgrids. Through the integration of analytical analysis and pragmatic application, this review provides insightful analysis and field assistance. The entire study contributes significantly to the advancement of distributed generation (DG) integration, which is necessary to establish a sustainable and resilient energy environment. It offers the fundamental knowledge required to accomplish successful integration. This review paper offers an in-depth analysis of DG integration in DC microgrids. This review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the dynamic landscape where distributed energy generation and DC microgrids interact, starting with the foundational ideas and moving on to a close examination of the difficulties, innovations in technology, and useful applications.","PeriodicalId":23739,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of saliva pH on Candida albicans activity in the oral cavity","authors":"Muhammad Rafi, Nurfaiz Arifin, Alfonsus Sindhu, Saputra Djaja, I. Diyatri","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.1603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.1603","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Low saliva pH is supposed to increase Candida sp activity because low saliva pH can cause immunocompromising. Objective: To determine the effect of saliva pH on the activity of Candida albicans. Methods: Secondary data from literature studies were analyzed descriptively by presenting the results of research on the effect of saliva pH on the activity of Candida albicans. Results: The results of the study reveal that decreasing salivary pH can increase the activity of Candida albicans in the oral cavity, which is characterized by the growth of hyphae and colonization of the microbiota itself as well as manifestations that can be seen clinically, such as oral candidiasis. Conclusion: Salivary pH levels can influence the activity of Candida albicans in the oral cavity.","PeriodicalId":23739,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulative impact assessment of groundwater quality using water quality index, leachate pollution index, and GIS: A case study of Shivri Municipal Landfill Site, Lucknow, India","authors":"Vishvanath Pratap Singh, Shashank Pandey, Vipin Kumar","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2115","url":null,"abstract":"The current research shows the analysis of the quality of groundwater close to a landfill in Lucknow City, in Uttar Pradesh, India. Calculating the leachate pollution index (LPI) and water quality index (WQI) has been done to evaluate the quality of the groundwater and the leachate near the site. A very high value of LPI (27.54) indicates that there was a substantial amount of contaminants at the landfill site. the calculation of WQI for the groundwater samples has been done and a map for showing its spatial distribution has been prepared for the analysis of the WQI, revealing that 40% of the groundwater specimens are excellent alongside 60% of the groundwater is in a good category. the spatial distribution of WQI illustrates that the majority of the region around the site of the landfill is in the good category and the remaining is in the excellent category. The experimental result of the physicochemical analysis for groundwater revealed that water is satisfactory and fit for drinking and other domestic use and only some parameters like total alkalinity, total hardness, EC, TDS, sodium, magnesium, calcium, and sulfate are above the desirable limit set by Indian standard (IS10500: 2012). This study also emphasizes the importance of LPI and WQI as a monitoring tool for the policymakers and the government body for preventing and safeguarding the risk of groundwater contamination from leachate.","PeriodicalId":23739,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do educators get it? Examining understanding of compulsory civic education for learners in Zambian secondary schools","authors":"Dingase E. Mtonga, Oliver Magasu","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2188","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores educators' understanding of the rationale for Civic Education to be taught as a compulsory subject to learners in secondary schools in Zambia, as enshrined in the national policy on education. The study was conducted in all secondary schools of Kabwe district, guided by the Advocacy Coalition Framework Theory (ACF). Using a mixed-method approach within a pragmatic research paradigm, data were collected from 239 participants. Quantitative insights were derived from 215 respondents across 32 selected schools, including head teachers, heads of Social Science departments, heads of Civic Education sections, and Civic Education teachers who completed an online questionnaire. Qualitative data involved interviews with 24 educators and 2 Ministry of Education officials, supplemented by document analysis of national policy and curriculum frameworks. Findings underscore a robust awareness among educators of Civic Education's role in fostering informed citizenship and preparing learners for democratic engagement, focusing on four themes: (1) cultivating informed learners, (2) promoting good citizenship and social cohesion, (3) preparing learners for political engagement, and (4) enhancing critical thinking skills. Additionally, findings may inform policy and practice. Recommendations include enhancing professional development through targeted training programs, ensuring curriculum alignment with national policy frameworks, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration among departments, and establishing mechanisms for ongoing program evaluation to ensure effectiveness and continuous improvement. These recommendations aim to strengthen compulsory Civic Education implementation in Kabwe District, Zambia, fostering a knowledgeable and engaged citizenry capable of contributing positively to society.","PeriodicalId":23739,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}