VirusDisease最新文献

{"title":"Viral hepatitis E, zoonotic transmission in Algeria.","authors":"Houda Boukhrissa, Salah Mechakra, Abbes Mahnane, Abdelmadjid Lacheheb","doi":"10.1007/s13337-023-00840-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13337-023-00840-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viral hepatitis E, a major cause of acute viral hepatitis in adults, is a global public health problem. The zoonotic potential of the virus is currently accepted in developed countries. In developing countries, where transmission is mainly enteric, data on the animal reservoir are very limited. Our objective was to identify a possible risk of zoonotic transmission in our region (eastern Algeria). Four hundred and thirty four sera from blood donors were analysed by an-ti-HEV IgG antibodies detection using a commercial ELISA kit. Study participants were asked about demographics, contact with farm animals, pets, rats, and with live or shot game during a hunting activity. The anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence was 17.05%. Two risk factors were identified; rat contact with a seroprevalence rate at 51.2% (<i>p</i> < 1p.1000), OR = 6.736 [95% CI 3, 42-13.26] and game contact with a seroprevalence at 33% (<i>p</i> = 0.003), OR = 2.76 [95% CI 1.37-5.56]. In summary, zoonotic transmission is possible in our region. Rats and game should be investigated for a probable animal reservoir.</p>","PeriodicalId":23708,"journal":{"name":"VirusDisease","volume":"34 3","pages":"389-394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10533760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41154833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological assessment and tissue tropism of two different Egyptian infectious bronchitis strains.","authors":"El-Shaymaa El-Nahass, Mohamed Kamal Abdelhamid, Ahmed Ali, Adel A Shalaby, Mohamed Shaalan","doi":"10.1007/s13337-023-00842-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13337-023-00842-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian infectious bronchitis is one of the most common viral infections in chickens affecting all ages. The tropism of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains became broader and more variable posing major implications for the effective control of IBV infection. In this study, two IBV viruses representing classic and variant strains were inoculated intranasally into day-old SPF chicks (10⁵ EID₅₀/0.2 ml/bird). Clinical signs were observed for 15 days post-infection (DPI). Five chicks from each group were euthanized at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 15 DPI for histopathology and virus antigen detection by IHC and quantitative rRT-PCR. Results revealed that both classic and variant IBV strains induced mild clinical signs with no mortalities and fewer various histopathological lesions in infected SPF chickens. Although the viruses were detected by rRT-PCR up to 12 DPI, the affected tissues showed regeneration after 10 DPI with IHC revealing no IBV antigen. In summary, no differences were found in the behaviour of both IBV isolates in chickens. The broad tissue tropism for both IBV strains as indicated by viral antigen detection in various organs with no clinical or gross lesion suggest that the main cause of death in IBV infection under field conditions occurs as a result of complication with secondary infections rather single IBV infection. Due to positive immunostaining in the bursa, it is thought that IBV infection has immunosuppressive consequences, hence further study is required to validate this impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":23708,"journal":{"name":"VirusDisease","volume":"34 3","pages":"410-420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10533428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41155560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptome analysis of spleen of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) infected chicken and Japanese quail: a potential role of NF-κβ pathway activation in NDV resistance.","authors":"Manesh Kumar Panner Selvam, Vijayrani Kanagaraj, Kumanan Kathaperumal, Ruth H Nissly, Janet M Daly, Suresh V Kuchipudi","doi":"10.1007/s13337-023-00833-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13337-023-00833-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Newcastle disease (ND) affects a few hundred avian species including chicken and several species of domestic and wild birds. The clinical outcome of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection ranges from mild to severe fatal disease depending on the NDV pathotype and the host species involved. Japanese quails serve as natural reservoirs of NDV and play important role in NDV epidemiology. While infection of chicken with velogenic NDV results in severe often fatal illness, the same infection in Japanese quails results in inapparent infection. The molecular basis of this contrasting clinical outcomes of NDV infection is not yet clearly known. We compared global gene expression in spleen of chicken and Japanese quails infected with lentogenic and velogenic NDVs. We found contrasting regulation of key genes associated with NF-κB pathway and T-cell activation between chicken and Japanese quails. Our data suggests association of NDV resistance in Japanese quails to activation of NF-κB pathway and T cell proliferation.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-023-00833-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":23708,"journal":{"name":"VirusDisease","volume":"34 3","pages":"402-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10533468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41136733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated point-of-care RT-PCR methods during and after COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Shagun Sharma, Surabhi Shrivastava, Shankar B Kausley, Beena Rai","doi":"10.1007/s13337-023-00834-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13337-023-00834-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has taken the world by surprise and people and organisations worldwide worked in some way or the other to combat the spread; isolate from the infected and get back to normal life, as it was before the pandemic hit. In this regard, the diagnosis of COVID-19 was at the centre of control and prevention and have seen a vehement change in every aspect, especially development of point-of-care testing for better and quick diagnosis. Among different types of techniques developed, the most important was the RT-PCR method of detection which detects nucleic acid of the virus in samples. RT-PCR is a laboratory-based method requiring trained professionals and precise steps for accurate testing. With the advent and spread of the pandemic, number of RT-PCR diagnostic centres rose significantly, and the detection process became less cumbersome, easy to use, ability to handle large volume of samples, more accurate, less time-consuming, and cost-effective. Different industries developed RT-PCR kits, reducing the efforts to prepare laboratory samples. Machines were employed for labour-driven tasks in PCR testing. In addition, new age technologies such as artificial intelligence, IoT, digital systems were combined with RT-PCR for accurate and easy testing. In this review, point-of-care RT-PCR methods, when the COVID-19 started, and the methods now, has been compared on the basis of technological advancements.</p>","PeriodicalId":23708,"journal":{"name":"VirusDisease","volume":"34 3","pages":"356-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10533447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41147109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization suggests kinetic modulation of expression of accessory viral protein, W, in Newcastle disease virus infected DF1 cells.","authors":"B Nagaraj Nayak, Kalaimagal Rajagopal, Revathi Shunmugasundaram, Pachineella Lakshmana Rao, Saraswathy Vaidyanathan, Madhuri Subbiah","doi":"10.1007/s13337-023-00813-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13337-023-00813-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viruses adopt strategies to efficiently utilize their compact genome. Members of the family <i>Paramyxoviridae</i>, exhibit a cotranscriptional RNA editing mechanism wherein polymerase stuttering generates accessory proteins from Phosphoprotein (<i>P</i>) gene. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, expresses two accessory proteins, V and W, by RNA editing. While P and V proteins are well studied, very little is known about W protein. Recent studies confirmed W protein expression in NDV and the unique subcellular localization of W proteins of virulent and avirulent NDV. We characterized the W protein of NDV strain Komarov, a moderately virulent vaccine strain. W mRNA expression ranged between 7 and 9% of total <i>P</i> gene transcripts similar to virulent NDV. However, W protein expression, detectable by 6 h, peaked at 24 h and dropped by 48 h post infection in DF1 cells indicating a kinetically regulated expression by the virus. The W protein localized in the nucleus and by mutations, a strong nuclear localization signal was identified in the C-terminal region of W protein. The viral growth kinetics study suggested neither supplementation of W protein nor subcellular localization pattern of the supplemented W protein influenced viral replication in vitro similar to that noticed in avirulent NDV. A cytoplasmic mutant of W protein localized in cytoplasm unlike specific mitochondrial colocalization as recorded in velogenic NDV strain SG10 indicating a possible role of W protein in determining the viral pathogenicity. This study describes for the first time, the distinct features of W protein of moderately virulent NDV.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-023-00813-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":23708,"journal":{"name":"VirusDisease","volume":"34 2","pages":"236-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10317930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9800652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human papillomaviruses and bladder cancer risk: first report in south of Iran.","authors":"Fatemeh Farshadpour, Reza Taherkhani, Mohammadreza Farzaneh","doi":"10.1007/s13337-023-00819-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13337-023-00819-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Information regarding the possible carcinogenicity of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in bladder tissue might pave the way for the prevention of bladder cancer through improving HPV vaccination of the at-risk population. To address this, this study was conducted to detect HPVs in bladder cancer tissues in the South of Iran. Bladder biopsy samples of 181 patients with bladder cancer were included in this study. The detection of HPVs was performed by nested PCR assay, targeting the L1 region of the genome, and sequencing. HPV was detected in 0.55% of the bladder cancer samples, while the non-cancerous bladder samples were negative for HPV. HPV genotype 6 was detected in this study. The HPV-positive patient was a 55-year-old man with papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant in stage Ta-T1. This patient was resident of Dayer city. Overall, HPV prevalence among patients with bladder cancer was not statistically associated with place of residency, gender, age, stage, and grade of the tumor (<i>P </i>value > 0.05). The presence of HPV is extremely rare in bladder cancer biopsy specimens in the south of Iran. Therefore, the results of our study rule out the possible role of HPVs in the etiology of bladder cancer. Due to the increasing air pollution in this region and high-risk jobs, and habits such as cigarette smoking and hookah smoking, the role of these factors alongside genetic factors seems more prominent than the role of HPVs in causing bladder cancer in the south of Iran.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-023-00819-w.</p>","PeriodicalId":23708,"journal":{"name":"VirusDisease","volume":"34 2","pages":"257-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10317924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9794389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological, biological and molecular characterization of viruses causing mosaic diseases on cabbage (<i>Brassica</i> sp <i>L.)</i> in Central Ethiopia.","authors":"Muluken Kebede, Demsachew Guadie, Dawit Kidanemariam, Adane Abraham","doi":"10.1007/s13337-023-00816-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13337-023-00816-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The productivity of cabbage (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> var<i>. capitata)</i> in Ethiopia has been generally low due to several biotic and abiotic constraints among which are several viral diseases. There is a recent report indicating that this economically important vegetable is seriously affected in Ethiopia by cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). However, little information exists on the incidence and distribution of these viruses as the previous report is based on samples only from Addis Ababa. In this study, a total of 370 leaf samples were collected from 75 cabbage growing fields in Central Ethiopia in two rounds of survey. Two cabbage varieties locally known as \"<i>Habesha gomen\"</i> and <i>\"Tikur gomen\"</i> with virus-like symptoms were collected and tested with Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA) using polyclonal antibodies specific to CaMV and TuMV. Results from serological diagnosis were confirmed with PCR and Sanger sequencing. The results indicated a high incidence and wide distribution of both viruses in Central Ethiopia with an average of 29.5% infection for CaMV and 40% for TuMV. Biological inoculation tests for CaMV or TuMV or both on healthy cabbage seedlings gave similar symptoms as those observed in the field. Symptom severity was higher with co-infection of CaMV and TuMV followed by TuMV single infection. BLAST analysis showed that TuMV and CaMV isolates from Ethiopia have nucleotide identity of 95-98% and 93-98%, respectively to previously reported isolates. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CaMV isolates from Ethiopia are closely related to isolates from USA and Italy within Group II clade whereas TuMV isolates have close similarities with isolates from World B clade including isolates from Kenya, UK, Japan and the Netherlands. The identification of the causative agents of the mosaic disease observed on cabbage in Central Ethiopia may lay the foundation for future management studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23708,"journal":{"name":"VirusDisease","volume":"34 2","pages":"213-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10317906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9807272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous detection and differentiation of dengue and chikungunya viruses for commercial utility.","authors":"Minal Dakhave, Gauri Metkar, Harshada Suryawanshi","doi":"10.1007/s13337-023-00822-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13337-023-00822-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diagnosis of Dengue and Chikungunya infections during acute phase is a priority considering emerging pattern and increasing trends of their infections. The present study describes the commercial development and validation of RT-PCR test for the simultaneous detection of of DEN and CHIK viral RNA in a single tube from human plasma samples. Multistep one step RT-PCR assay was developed and validated for detection and discrimination of DEN and CHIK along with exogenous internal control. The test was evaluated for commercial use using 3 different lots to determine analytical sensitivity, specificity, precision and stability. The external clinical evaluation was performed at NABL accredited lab with known positive and negative Chikungunya and Dengue specimens and comparator assay method. The findings showed that the test could identify CHIK and DEN viral nucleic acid in clinical samples within 80 min, without any cross-reactivity. The analytical detection limit of the test was 1.56 copies/µl for both. The clinical sensitivity and specificity was ≥ 98% and provide a high-throughput and screen up to 90 samples in a single run. It is available in a freeze-dried format and can be used in both the manual and automated platforms. This unique combo test, PathoDetect™ \"CHIK DEN Multiplex PCR Kit\" enables simultaneous, sensitive, specific detection of DENV and CHIKV and serves as \"ready to use\" platform for commercial use. It would aid the differential diagnosis as early as day 1 of the infection and facilitate screen-and-treat approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":23708,"journal":{"name":"VirusDisease","volume":"34 2","pages":"248-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10317902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9804229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Educational needs assessment of medical and midwifery students about prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Narjes Bahri, Zahra Khaksariyan, Nasim Khajavian, Alireza Mohammadzadeh","doi":"10.1007/s13337-023-00825-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13337-023-00825-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), is an important way of acquired immune deficiency virus (AIDS) transmission. Medical and midwifery students need to have sufficient knowledge in terms of MTCT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the educational needs of these students regarding MTCT of HIV. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 medical (extern and intern) and midwifery Bachelor (semester 4 and above) and Master students in Gonabad University of Medical Sciences in 2019. The real needs questionnaire on MTCT AIDS and the perceived needs questionnaire on MTCT were used for need assessment evaluation. Majority of the participants were female (77.5%) and single (65%). Study participants included 48.3% medical and 51.7% midwifery students. High real educational need was reported by 63.5% of medical and 36.5% of midwifery students. More than half of the participants (59.2%) felt a great need for education on MTCT of HIV. OF the areas of real educational needs, the highest and lowest scores were related to the areas of prevention and symptoms, respectively. Students in higher semesters had the highest percentage of real need compared to other students (<i>p</i> = 0.015). The real need for MTCT of HIV prevention was higher among medical students compared to midwifery students (<i>p</i> = 0.004). The observed high real and perceived needs of students, especially in the higher semesters and the field of medicine, necessitates the re-examination of their educational curricula.</p>","PeriodicalId":23708,"journal":{"name":"VirusDisease","volume":"34 2","pages":"270-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10317922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9804228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of canine parvovirus type 2c in diarrhoeic faeces of dogs in Kolkata, India.","authors":"S Abhiram, T Mondal, S Samanta, K Batabyal, S N Joardar, I Samanta, D P Isore, S Dey","doi":"10.1007/s13337-023-00817-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13337-023-00817-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine parvovirus-2(CPV-2) causes a highly contagious disease of dogs characterised by acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, lethargy, vomiting, fever and usually bloody or mucoid diarrhoea. In the present study, 41 faecal samples collected from dogs exhibiting the signs of fever, vomition, bloody or mucoid diarrhoea in Kolkata, India were screened by haemagglutination test and PCR for detection of capsid protein coding VP2 gene. The viral genotype was detected by multiplex PCR and analysis of partial VP2 gene nucleotide sequences of selected PCR products with bioinformatics tool. Thirteen (31.71%) samples were found positive with HA titre ≥ 32 whereas 28 (68.29%) samples were positive by PCR of VP2 gene indicating higher sensitivity of PCR. Highest occurrence of CPV-2 was observed in the age group of 1-6 months (80.65%) and non-descript breeds with no history of vaccination (85%). Three samples were antigenic type CPV-2a, rest were CPV-2b/CPV 2c. Six CPV sequences were found to be highly similar to published CPV 2c sequences in BLAST analysis revealing a maximum identity of 99-100% with other CPV-2c strains and clustered together with CPV-2c strains of India and other countries in phylogenetic analysis. The present study highlights the need for continuous monitoring of samples to detect gradual changes in circulating CPV-2 genotypes in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":23708,"journal":{"name":"VirusDisease","volume":"34 2","pages":"339-344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10317913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9800655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}