Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction最新文献_第2页

Principles of Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) and Site Effect Evaluation and Its Application for the Volcanic Environment in El Salvador 萨尔瓦多火山环境概率地震危险性评价(PSHA)和场地效应评价原则及其应用

Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75845

W. Salazar

{"title":"Principles of Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) and Site Effect Evaluation and Its Application for the Volcanic Environment in El Salvador","authors":"W. Salazar","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75845","url":null,"abstract":"This book chapter explains the fundamental concepts of the probabilistic seismic hazard and site effect evaluation. It is divided into four parts: firstly, the theoretical background of the probabilistic seismic hazard methods is explained to compute the earthquake loads used in structural analysis of buildings, namely, the rigid-zone method, the free-zone methods, and the characteristic models. We emphasize the physical meaning of the seis- mic coefficient prescribed in the seismic code regulations and its association with the return period of ground motion and spectral ordinates. The interconnection of the return period, the recurrence interval, and the lifetime concepts are explained to clarify miscon-ceptions among these terms in connection with the probability of exceedance of motion. Secondly, the seismic hazard methods are applied employing volcanic chain seismicity data, and preliminary seismic hazard maps for rock site are presented for flat topogra- phy conditions along El Salvador. Thirdly, the site effects in terms of the amplification of ground motion are studied using soil profiles characterized by the interbedding of lava flows and volcanic ashes. Finally, we present a summary that highlights the most important concepts explained in this book chapter.","PeriodicalId":237065,"journal":{"name":"Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction","volume":"54 62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133510208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The Prediction of Earthquake Ground Motions by Regression Model 用回归模型预测地震地震动

Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76987

P. Pairojn, S. Wasinrat

引用次数: 0

Introductory Chapter: Earthquakes, Life at Risk 导论章:地震，生命危险

Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79917

V. Svalova

引用次数: 0

Finite Element Models of Elastic Earthquake Deformation 弹性地震变形的有限元模型

Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76612

S. Tung, T. Masterlark, Daniel Lo

{"title":"Finite Element Models of Elastic Earthquake Deformation","authors":"S. Tung, T. Masterlark, Daniel Lo","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76612","url":null,"abstract":"The Earth’s surface deforms in response to earthquake fault dislocations at depth. Deformation models are constructed to interpret the corresponding ground movements recorded by geodetic data such GPS and InSAR, and ultimately characterize the seismic ruptures. Conventional analytical and latest numerical solutions serve similar purpose but with different technical constraints. The former cannot simulate the heterogeneous rock properties and structural complexity, while the latter directly tackles these challenges but requires more computational resources. As demonstrated in the 2015 M7.8 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake and the 2016 M6.2 Amatrice, Italy earthquake, we develop state-of-art finite element models (FEMs) to efficiently accommodate both the material and tectonic complexity of a seismic deformational system in a seamless model environment. The FEM predictions are significantly more accurate than the analytical models embedded in a homogeneous half-space at the 95% confidence level. The primary goal of this chapter is describe a systematic approach to design, construct, execute and calibrate FEMs of elastic earthquake deformation. As constrained by coseismic displacements, FEM-based inverse analyses are employed to resolve linear and nonlinear fault-slip parameters. With such numerical techniques and modeling framework, researchers can explicitly investigate the spatial distribution of seismic fault slip and probe other in-depth rheological processes.","PeriodicalId":237065,"journal":{"name":"Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121318200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Development of an UAS for Earthquake Emergency Response and Its Application in Two Disastrous Earthquakes 地震应急系统的研制及其在两次特大地震中的应用

Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76885

C. Peng, Zhiqiang Xu, Jiansi Yang, Yu Zheng, WeipingWang, Shan Liu, Baofeng Tian

{"title":"Development of an UAS for Earthquake Emergency Response and Its Application in Two Disastrous Earthquakes","authors":"C. Peng, Zhiqiang Xu, Jiansi Yang, Yu Zheng, WeipingWang, Shan Liu, Baofeng Tian","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76885","url":null,"abstract":"To support humanitarian action after a disaster, we require reliable data like high-res- olution satellite images for analyses aimed to define the damages of facilities and/or infrastructures. However, we cannot obtain satellite images in few days after an event. Thus, in situ surveys are preferred. Advances in unmanned aircraft system (UAS) have promoted them to become precious tools for capturing and assessing the extents and volume of damages. Safety, flexibility, low cost, and ease of operation make UAS suit able for disaster assessment. In this chapter, we developed an example of UAS for swiftly acquiring disaster information. With the selected fixed-wing UAS, we successfully per formed data acquisition at specified scales. For the image analysis, we applied a pho - togrammetric workflow to deal with the very high resolution of the images obtained without ground control points. The results obtained from two destructive earthquakes demonstrated that the presented system plays a key role on the processes of investigating and gathering information about a disaster in the earthquake epicentral areas, like road detection, structural damage survey, secondary disaster investigation, and quick disaster assessment. It can effectively provide disaster information in hardly entered areas to sal - vation headquarters for rapidly developing the relief measures.","PeriodicalId":237065,"journal":{"name":"Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123328436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Tunnel Vaults under Seismic Excitation 地震作用下的隧道拱顶

Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76853

R. Guidotti, A. Castellani

引用次数: 0

The Major Cause of Earthquake Disasters: Shear Bandings 地震灾害的主要原因:剪切带

Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction Pub Date : 2018-02-22 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74718

T. Hsu

{"title":"The Major Cause of Earthquake Disasters: Shear Bandings","authors":"T. Hsu","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74718","url":null,"abstract":"In the last two decades, due to disasters happening around the world have been recorded precisely. People have begun to understand that earthquakes fall under several catego-ries. Most of the earthquake-induced catastrophes, including fallen bridges, building col- lapses, soil liquefaction, and landslides, can only appear in shear banding zones induced by tectonic earthquakes. It is important to mention that tectonic earthquakes are different from other earthquakes because, in addition to the seismic vibration effect present in all earthquakes, tectonic earthquakes have a shear banding effect. In a tectonic earthquake, the shear banding energy can be more than 90% of the total earthquake energy, and the primary cause of earthquake disasters is the presence of the shear banding. In the past, the cause of earthquake disasters has been generally identified by structure dynamics research -ers, without any proof, as the insufficiency of seismic-vibration resistant forces. Therefore, the modification of building codes and specifications has only focused on increasing these resistance forces. However, this type of specification modification cannot guarantee that an earthquake-resistant design structure would not fail due to shear banding. Thus, it is the objective of this study to present appropriate earthquake disaster prevention methods for a tectonic earthquake.","PeriodicalId":237065,"journal":{"name":"Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121445194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0