Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction最新文献

Automated Model Construction for Seismic Disaster Assessment of Pipeline Network in Wide Urban Area 广域城区管网地震灾害评估自动化模型构建

Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78725

H. O.-tani, M. Hori, L. Wijerathne

引用次数: 1

EQ-grid: A Multiaxial Seismic Retrofitting System for Masonry Buildings eq -网格:砌体建筑多轴向抗震加固系统

Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78596

S. Rizzo, L. Stempniewski

引用次数: 1

The Earthquake Disaster Risk in Japan and Iran and the Necessity of Dynamic Learning from Large Earthquake Disasters over Time 日本和伊朗的地震灾害风险及长期大地震灾害动态学习的必要性

Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76014

Michaela Ibrion, N. Paltrinieri

{"title":"The Earthquake Disaster Risk in Japan and Iran and the Necessity of Dynamic Learning from Large Earthquake Disasters over Time","authors":"Michaela Ibrion, N. Paltrinieri","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76014","url":null,"abstract":"This book chapter targets how learning from large earthquakes disasters occurred and developed in Japan and Iran in the last 100 years. As research case studies, large earthquake disasters in Japan and Iran were investigated and analyzed. Normal distribution was found to be a good estimate of the magnitude distribution for earthquakes, in both the countries. In Japan, there is almost a linear correlation between magnitude of earth- quakes and number of dead people. However, such correlation is not present for Iran. This lack of correlation in Iran and existence of linear correlation in Japan highlights that the magnitude of earthquakes directly affects the number of fatalities and extent of destruction in Japan, while in Iran, there is an increased complexity with regard to the fac- tors affecting earthquake consequences. A correlation is suggested between earthquake culture and learning from large earthquake disasters in both Japan and Iran. Learning from large earthquake disasters is impacted by a multitude of factors, but the rhythm of learning in Japan is much higher if compared with Iran. For both Japan and Iran, a reac- tive learning approach based on past earthquake disasters needs to be constantly backed up by a proactive approach and dynamic learning.","PeriodicalId":237065,"journal":{"name":"Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127946366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Structural Seismic Input Model on the Condition of Slope Site 边坡场地条件下的结构地震输入模型

Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76619

Liu Jianbo, L. Weihong

引用次数: 0

Use of Polyethylene Terephthalate Fibers for Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Frame Made of Low-Grade Aggregate 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维在低级骨料钢筋混凝土框架加固中的应用

Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76616

C. Marthong

{"title":"Use of Polyethylene Terephthalate Fibers for Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Frame Made of Low-Grade Aggregate","authors":"C. Marthong","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76616","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents an experimental finding on the use of waste materials for strength - ening a reinforced concrete (RC) frame prepared with low-grade materials. Compressive, tensile and flexural strength of concrete specimens made of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) and natural coarse aggregate (NCA) were evaluated to assess RCA suitability for structural use. Results show that the strength parameter decreases in all cases. In order to extend the application of RCA concrete to structural elements, three RC frames were pre pared and tested under monotonic loading. The joint regions of one of the frame were cast using Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber, i.e., PET fiber-reinforced concrete (PFRC). PET fiber (aspect ratio = 25) of 0.5% by weight of concrete used in the PFRC mix was obtained by hand cutting of post-consumer PET bottles. A reference specimen was also prepared using 100% NCA and subjected to a similar loading condition. The RCA frame resulted in a brittle mode of failure and lower load carrying capacity as compared to the reference specimen. However, the presence of PFRC improved the damage tolerance and load resisting capacity and hence seismic parameters such as stiffness degradation, ductil ity and energy dissipation increased. This indicates that PET fiber is a viable substitute for steel fiber as a low-cost material in improving the seismic performance of frame structures.","PeriodicalId":237065,"journal":{"name":"Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121243116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Structure-Soil-Structure Interaction between Underground Structure and Surface Structure 地下结构与地表结构的结构-土-结构相互作用

Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.76243

Huai-feng Wang

{"title":"Structure-Soil-Structure Interaction between Underground Structure and Surface Structure","authors":"Huai-feng Wang","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.76243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76243","url":null,"abstract":"A numerical study is made on the dynamic through-soil interaction between under- ground station and nearby pile supported surface structure on viscous-elastic soil layer, under vertically incident S wave. This paper focuses on the dynamic interaction and the interactive influence on seismic response of adjacent surface structure and underground structure. To this end, ANSYS has been further developed for calculation in frequency domain, in which hysteretic damping can be considered, so that structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) can be investigated via direct methodology. Discussion is made on the influence of arrangement of structures, distances between structures, shaking direction of seismic wave, shear wave velocity and damping of soil, scale and burial depth of under- ground structure, storey number, stiffness, style and pile length of surface structure on SSSI, in terms of horizontal acceleration of surface structure and horizontal relative dis- placement of underground structure. Maximum acceleration and displacement is also presented for 12 seismic inputs. Arrangement and shaking direction are two of the most important factors. The response can be either amplified or attenuated according to the distance, related to dynamic properties of the overall system. The underground struc- ture, surrounded by building with the fundamental frequency approximate to that of free field, is heavily affected.","PeriodicalId":237065,"journal":{"name":"Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115541163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

An Estimation of “Energy” Magnitude Associated with a Possible Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Electromagnetic Coupling Before the Wenchuan MS8.0 Earthquake 汶川MS8.0地震前与可能的岩石圈-大气-电离层电磁耦合相关的“能量”震级估算

Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75880

Mei Li, Wenxin Kong, Chong Yue, Shuli Song, Chen Yu, T. Xie, Xian Lu

{"title":"An Estimation of “Energy” Magnitude Associated with a Possible Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Electromagnetic Coupling Before the Wenchuan MS8.0 Earthquake","authors":"Mei Li, Wenxin Kong, Chong Yue, Shuli Song, Chen Yu, T. Xie, Xian Lu","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75880","url":null,"abstract":"A large scale of abnormities from ground-based electromagnetic parameters to ionospheric parameters has been recorded during the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake. All these results present different anomalous periods, but there seems one common climax leading to a lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere electromagnetic coupling (LAIEC) right on May 9, 3 days prior to the Wenchuan main shock. Based on the electron-hole theory, this chapter attempts to estimate the “energy source” magnitude driving this obvious coupling with the Wenchuan focus zone parameters considered. The simulation results show that the total surface charges fall in ~107–108 C, and the related upward electric field is ~108–109 V/m. These corresponding parameters are up to 109 C and 1010 V/m when the main rupture happens, and the order of the output current is up to 107 A. The electric field increasing in the interface between the Earth’s surface and the atmosphere, on one hand, can cause electromagnetic parameter abnormities of ground-based observation, with the range beyond 1000 km. On the other hand, it can accumulate air ionization above pre-earthquake zone and lead to ionospheric anomaly recorded by some spatial seismic monitoring satellites.","PeriodicalId":237065,"journal":{"name":"Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124901993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simulation of Broadband Strong Motion Based on the Empirical Green’s Spatial Derivative Method 基于经验格林空间导数法的宽带强运动仿真

Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-55822-4_8

M. Ohori

引用次数: 0

Damage Estimation of a Steel-Framed Building under Tsunami Flow Occurring after Earthquake 地震后海啸流对钢结构建筑的破坏评估

Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76602

D. Isobe, Seizo Tanaka

引用次数: 2

Frequency-Magnitude Distribution of Earthquakes 地震的频率-震级分布

Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77294

Z. El-Isa

{"title":"Frequency-Magnitude Distribution of Earthquakes","authors":"Z. El-Isa","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77294","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency magnitude distribution of all types of earthquakes has received consider- able attention in the last few decades. Their linear logarithmic relationship remains the most accepted. The a and b constants of this equation, their values and variations have been studied in detail. It is largely agreed that for the seismicity of the whole Earth, its hemispheres, quadrants and large epicentral regions are a=10.0 and b=1.0. The b-variations have long been investigated and reported to occur in different forms and values. Long- and short-term b-variations occur in a continuous cyclic man - ner and may exceed ± (0.6 – 0.7) of its absolute value. These are observed to occur not only yearly or monthly but also daily. The b -value always attains maxima and minima before and after the occurrence of all large earthquakes. Many days before the occurrence of large earthquakes, b -values start increasing at variable gradients that are affected by foreshocks. It attains a maximum value shortly before each large earthquake and a minimum on its occurrence. Many factors have been proposed to explain the b-variations including prevailing stress, crustal heterogeneity, focal depth, pore pressure, geothermal gradient, tectonic setting, and other factors. Considering the b-variations of the whole Earth, its hemispheres and quadrants and considering that most proposed factors are directly or indirectly related to the stress, it is concluded that this remains the major factor. It is found that for large earthquakes with Mw ≥ 7, an increase of about 0.20 in the b -value implies a stress increase that will result in an earthquake with a magnitude one unit higher.","PeriodicalId":237065,"journal":{"name":"Earthquakes - Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant Construction","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128360446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2