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The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment最新文献

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Figuring Out How Others See Us 弄清楚别人怎么看我们
The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment Pub Date : 2019-08-12 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.12
Erika N. Carlson, Norhan Elsaadawy
{"title":"Figuring Out How Others See Us","authors":"Erika N. Carlson, Norhan Elsaadawy","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.12","url":null,"abstract":"We have a natural desire to know what other people think of us and, thus, we form beliefs regarding other people’s impressions of us, called meta-perceptions. The extent to which these beliefs are accurate is called meta-accuracy, and is related to whether people like us, as well as the quality of our relationships with others. As a result, meta-accuracy has become a topic of interest in the literature on personality judgment. This chapter reviews how researchers study and index meta-accuracy and the results of the existing work on meta-accuracy. Further, it proposes studying meta-accuracy by using the Realistic Accuracy Model (RAM) as a framework. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we use the RAM to outline the cues used in the formation of meta-perceptions, the potential moderators of meta-accuracy, and future avenues of research.","PeriodicalId":236962,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129980869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Self–Other Agreement on Ratings of Personality Disorder Symptoms and Traits 人格障碍症状和特征评定的自我-他人一致性
The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment Pub Date : 2019-08-12 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.19
Joshua R. Oltmanns, T. Oltmanns
{"title":"Self–Other Agreement on Ratings of Personality Disorder Symptoms and Traits","authors":"Joshua R. Oltmanns, T. Oltmanns","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.19","url":null,"abstract":"The present chapter considers the factors important to self–other agreement on personality disorder, reviews the literature on this topic, and presents three meta-analyses with a total of fifty-three studies of self–other agreement on personality disorder (total N = 11,812). Meta-analyses were completed on (1) overall self–other agreement on personality disorder symptoms and traits, (2) self–other agreement on DSM personality disorders, and (3) self–other agreement on maladaptive personality traits measured dimensionally by the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Overall median self-other agreement was r = 0.37. Self–other agreement on DSM PDs ranged from r = . 32 (dependent PD) to r = 0.51 (antisocial PD). Median self–other agreement was somewhat higher on the PID-5 maladaptive trait domains (r = 0.45), which is in line with prior estimates of the magnitude of self–other agreement on “normal” FFM trait domains.","PeriodicalId":236962,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126124450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Lens and Dual Lens Models 镜头和双镜头模型
The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment Pub Date : 2019-08-12 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.4
S. Osterholz, Simon M. Breil, S. Nestler, M. Back
{"title":"Lens and Dual Lens Models","authors":"S. Osterholz, Simon M. Breil, S. Nestler, M. Back","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.4","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents variants of Brunswik’s lens model aimed to understand whether, when, and why trait judgments are more or less accurate. After outlining the basic concepts of lens models, it describes exemplary studies that have applied the lens model to unravel personality expression and impression formation processes that lead to more or less accurate judgments. Next, it gives an overview of factors that can influence the accuracy of trait judgments and explains these accuracy moderators within the lens model framework. It then describes an extension of the lens model, the dual lens model, that differentiates more controlled versus more automatic aspects on all levels of the lens model (i.e., personality self-concept, cues, personality judgments). It also briefly summarizes further extensions and highlights the lens model as a flexible tool to study cue processes underlying accuracy and related interpersonal perception phenomena. Finally, the chapter concludes by outlining suggestions for future lens model applications in accuracy research.","PeriodicalId":236962,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114223824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Accuracy of Personality Trait Judgments Based on Environmental and Social Media Cues 基于环境和社会媒体线索的人格特质判断的准确性
The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment Pub Date : 2019-08-12 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.14
Helen J. Wall, C. Campbell
{"title":"Accuracy of Personality Trait Judgments Based on Environmental and Social Media Cues","authors":"Helen J. Wall, C. Campbell","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.14","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an overview of the role of physical (e.g., offices, bedrooms) and virtual contexts (e.g., social media such as Facebook and Twitter profiles) on the accuracy of personality judgments. Personality, context, and accuracy are defined, and evidence from studies on trait accuracy are outlined within and across contexts. The availability of cues in online and offline contexts are discussed in terms of Funder’s realistic accuracy model (RAM) and Brunswik’s lens model. In doing so, the chapter provides some insight into the ways various aspects of a context might affect trait accuracy; specifically, it allows us to consider what aspects of a context affect the cues that are available. The literature described in this chapter sheds light on the importance of the physical and virtual contexts in personality judgments. Context has a differential effect on judgment accuracy in terms of the specific trait, or traits, being judged. The literature presented has also highlighted the need for more research on this topic.","PeriodicalId":236962,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment","volume":"544 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127659628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Good Target of Personality Judgments 人格判断的好对象
The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment Pub Date : 2019-08-12 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.7
Marie-Catherine Mignault, Lauren J. Human
{"title":"The Good Target of Personality Judgments","authors":"Marie-Catherine Mignault, Lauren J. Human","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.7","url":null,"abstract":"Being a good target, judgeable, or high in expressive accuracy plays a fundamental role in the accuracy of personality judgments. In line with Funder’s realistic accuracy model (RAM), targets are responsible for the quality and quantity of information—or cues—they provide to judges, and have the potential to influence how much attention and cognitive resources judges dedicate to those cues. In this chapter, target characteristics are discussed, such as psychological adjustment and social skills, which influence each stage of the RAM, thereby distinguishing good targets from targets that are more elusive or difficult to read. To conclude, possible intra- and inter-personal benefits of expressive accuracy and potential ways to enhance expressive accuracy are considered.","PeriodicalId":236962,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment","volume":"37 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115590944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Accuracy and Bias of Trait Judgments in Romantic Relationships 恋爱关系中特质判断的准确性与偏差
The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment Pub Date : 2019-08-12 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190912529.013.17
S. Luo, D. Watson
{"title":"Accuracy and Bias of Trait Judgments in Romantic Relationships","authors":"S. Luo, D. Watson","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190912529.013.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190912529.013.17","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides a review of recent theoretical developments and empirical evidence regarding accuracy and biases of trait judgments in romantic relationships. Consistent with prior theorizing, personality judgments may be conceptualized to consist of accurate perceptions, systematic biases, and random errors. Two common biases in romantic relationships—positivity bias and similarity bias—are the focus of the chapter. The two major approaches to conceptualizing and assessing accuracy and biases—the variable-centered approach and the person-centered approach—are discussed. A review of the literature on partner personality judgments in both approaches suggests that individuals tend to perceive their partners with both substantial accuracy and a considerable amount of bias. Judges’ personal characteristics, trait properties, and relationship factors may moderate the extent to which the judgments are accurate and biased. Finally, accuracy, positivity bias, and similarity bias all have important positive implications for romantic relationship functioning.","PeriodicalId":236962,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121930087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Role of Normative Information in Judgments of Others 规范性信息在他人判断中的作用
The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment Pub Date : 2019-08-12 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.15
Katherine H. Rogers
{"title":"The Role of Normative Information in Judgments of Others","authors":"Katherine H. Rogers","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.15","url":null,"abstract":"When forming impressions of an other’s personality, people often rely on information not directly related to the individual at hand. One source of information that can influence people’s impressions of others is the personality of the average person (i.e., normative profile). This relationship between the normative profile and an impression is called normative accuracy or normativity. In this chapter, you will learn about the average personality, why it is important, the relationship to social desirability and what it means to have a normative impression, as well as correlates and moderators of normativity. More broadly, you will learn about current research and views regarding the normative profile and normative impressions as well as concrete steps for incorporating this approach into your future research on interpersonal perception.","PeriodicalId":236962,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133215317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trait Accuracy in the Workplace 职场特质准确性
The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment Pub Date : 2019-08-12 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.20
M. Blackman
{"title":"Trait Accuracy in the Workplace","authors":"M. Blackman","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.20","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of accurate trait judgments about employees within organizational contexts is highlighted. More specifically, how the employees’ traits affect both positive and negative work outcomes is illustrated. Next, a description of how personality judgments are used to predict these outcomes both during the hiring process and throughout an employee’s tenure (e.g., performance evaluation, decisions about advancement, and formation of workgroups) is given. The remainder of the chapter focuses on the accurate assessment of the job candidate’s personality during the employment interview, with several points of discussion revolving around methods to improve trait judgments about prospective hires.","PeriodicalId":236962,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114148845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Information as a Moderator of Accuracy in Personality Judgment 信息对人格判断准确性的调节作用
The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment Pub Date : 2019-08-12 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.9
A. Beer
{"title":"Information as a Moderator of Accuracy in Personality Judgment","authors":"A. Beer","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.9","url":null,"abstract":"People inherently believe that additional information is helpful in making accurate personality judgment, an assertion supported by empirical evidence. This chapter reviews the evidence beginning with the cross-sectional and longitudinal study of accuracy in naturally existing groups and continuing through to laboratory-based experiments involving the intentional manipulation of available information. In doing so, it discusses the process of becoming acquainted with others in our social world and makes suggestions for future avenues of research in this area, including but not limited to more clearly defining acquaintanceship, studying information quantity and quality jointly and separately, and better connecting personality judgment with real-world phenomena.","PeriodicalId":236962,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123899842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Characteristics of Traits That Are Related to Accuracy of Personality Judgments 与人格判断准确性相关的特征特征
The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment Pub Date : 2019-08-12 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.8
Sheherezade L. Krzyzaniak, Tera D. Letzring
{"title":"Characteristics of Traits That Are Related to Accuracy of Personality Judgments","authors":"Sheherezade L. Krzyzaniak, Tera D. Letzring","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.8","url":null,"abstract":"Personality traits are characteristics of individuals that predict patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior over time. Research focusing on accuracy of judgments of the traits of others has found that certain traits are more easily judged than others. Traits such as extraversion tend to be judged with high levels of accuracy, while other traits such as neuroticism and openness to experience are more difficult to judge. Several factors play a role in these findings, such as the observability and ratability of traits, favorability and evaluativeness of traits, and the types of situations and relationships in which judgments are made. In this chapter, research investigating how these factors are related to accuracy of judgments for different traits is described, potential ways to improve accuracy of less easily judged traits are proposed, and directions for future research are identified.","PeriodicalId":236962,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128631016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
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