Lens and Dual Lens Models

Abstract

This chapter presents variants of Brunswik’s lens model aimed to understand whether, when, and why trait judgments are more or less accurate. After outlining the basic concepts of lens models, it describes exemplary studies that have applied the lens model to unravel personality expression and impression formation processes that lead to more or less accurate judgments. Next, it gives an overview of factors that can influence the accuracy of trait judgments and explains these accuracy moderators within the lens model framework. It then describes an extension of the lens model, the dual lens model, that differentiates more controlled versus more automatic aspects on all levels of the lens model (i.e., personality self-concept, cues, personality judgments). It also briefly summarizes further extensions and highlights the lens model as a flexible tool to study cue processes underlying accuracy and related interpersonal perception phenomena. Finally, the chapter concludes by outlining suggestions for future lens model applications in accuracy research.