Veterinary Research Communications最新文献

{"title":"Clinical evaluation of sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) in maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus).","authors":"Flávia Fiori, Rogério Cunha de Paula, Ricardo Luiz Pires Boulhosa, Ricardo Augusto Dias","doi":"10.1007/s11259-025-10774-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-025-10774-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcoptic mange is a disease potentially threatening to Brazilian carnivores, especially maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Recently, an outbreak of sarcoptic mange has affected maned wolves in part of their range; therefore, it is a priority to assess the clinical manifestation of the disease. A total of 20 maned wolves were evaluated in Southeast Brazil, 12 of which from research projects and eight were rescued between 2008 and 2023. Since the clinical signs of the sarcoptic mange vary considerably, the maned wolves were classified according to the degree of clinical manifestation and the lesion severity. According to the extension of the body affected by sarcoptic mange, two maned wolves (10%) were classified as level I (< 25% of the body affected), five (25%) as level II (26-50% of the body affected), three (15%) as level III (51-75% of the body affected), and ten maned wolves (50%) as level IV (76-100% of the body affected). By lesion severity, five maned wolves (25%) had type A lesions (mild lesions), ten (50%) had type B lesions, and five (25%) had type C lesions (severe lesions). The maned wolves classified as III-C and IV-C were transferred to captivity to receive intensive veterinary care. The definitive diagnosis was challenging due to the low sensitivity of the available diagnostic tests, suggesting that future research should use a diagnostic protocol that combines blood serum antibody testing with skin scrapings and histopathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":"49 4","pages":"202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet composition and apparent digestibility in giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) kept under human care.","authors":"Thaís Moreira Gentini, Fernanda Mara Macedo Aragão Pereira, Lucas Batista da Silva, Maria Fernanda Hussni, Danyele Karoline Avante Mangueira, Carolyne Assis Eigerheer Pinke Testa, Caroline de Cássia Gallo, Lucas Carneiro, Paulo Roberto de Lima Meirelles, Priscylla Tatiana Chalfun Guimarães Okamoto, Ellen Sue Dierenfield, Alessandra Melchert","doi":"10.1007/s11259-025-10760-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-025-10760-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Giant anteaters have limited biological knowledge and pose challenges in captivity, primarily due to their highly specialized feeding habits. This study aimed to evaluate the diet and its apparent digestibility in captive giant anteaters, seeking to understand the relationship between the offered diet and its utilization by animals under human care at institutions and zoos in the state of São Paulo. Seventeen adult giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), comprising 10 females and 7 males, were used to determine the nutritional composition of their diet, collect feces for bromatological analysis, and assess diet digestibility. The chemical composition of the offered foods and feces was evaluated, and the apparent digestibility of the diet was calculated. Analysis of the diets revealed that their nutritional composition did not differ significantly among institutions, despite variations in ingredient composition. The protein and lipid contents of the diets were as follows: 25.6% and 6.4% (diet 1), 34.7% and 10.9% (diet 2), 31.9% and 10.3% (diet 3), and 38.2% and 12.7% (diet 4), respectively. Ether extract (EE) had the highest apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) (general mean 91 ± 4.8). The mean ADC was 68.9, 67.6, 79.6, and 89.9 for crude protein (CP); 89.8, 88.8, 92.5, and 94.2 for EE; 44.8, 64, 71.1, and 95.3 for nitrogen-free extract; and 80.5, 43.5, 43, and 87.1 for crude fiber, for diets 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. It is concluded that diets at São Paulo institutions showed good digestibility, especially for crude protein and ether extract. However, most animals had soft feces, indicating room for improvement. Energy intake affected body condition, emphasizing the need for tailored diets. Ether extract should not exceed 10%, and diets should provide 75-100% of maintenance energy, with regular monitoring of body condition scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":"49 4","pages":"201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bronchopneumonia by Granulicatella balaenopterae in a humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae).","authors":"Anderson Hentz Gris, Derek Blaese de Amorim, Gabriela Merker Breyer, Fernanda Felicetti Perosa, Manoela Marchezan Piva, Emanoelly Machado Sousa da Silva, Larissa Caló Zitelli, Maria Eduarda Rocha Jacques da Silva, Mariana Costa Torres, Elisandro Oliveira Dos Santos, Vanessa Lanes Ribeiro, Franciele Maboni Siqueira, Luciana Sonne","doi":"10.1007/s11259-025-10772-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-025-10772-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a microbiological and pathological investigation of a juvenile male humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) stranded in Mostardas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Macroscopically, the lung parenchyma exhibited a diffuse hyperemia, that on histological examination was composed of suppurative bronchopneumonia associated with necrosis of the bronchial epithelium. Microbiological analyses of the lung tissue demonstrated pure and significant growth of Granulicatella balaenopterae. Lastly, on the microscopic exam, the whale presented a pattern of meningoencephalitis and bacterial enterocolitis lesions, however, the etiology was not able to be accurately determined. G. balaenoptera is a bacterium that has already been detected in marine mammals; however, before this report, it had never been associated with a lesion. It is suggested that the humpback whale has been stranded due to combined disease factors such as pneumonia and meningoencephalitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":"49 4","pages":"199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional reconstruction of gustatory papillae and its taste buds in short-hair cats (Felis Catus domestica, felidae, Carnivora).","authors":"Plewa Barbara, Jackowiak Hanna","doi":"10.1007/s11259-025-10764-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11259-025-10764-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies on the cat's tongue focused on the anatomy of the tongue and on the lingual papillae micromorphology. According to new challenges in studies on gustatory papillae, we adopted a modern computer-aided method of 3D reconstruction of gustatory papillae from serial 2D cross-sections in the description of the taste bud system. The study in short-hair cats aimed for the first time in carnivores to analyze fungiform (Fu papillae) and vallate papillae (Vp papillae) with spatial visualization of connective tissue cores (CTCs) and the arrangement and exact number of taste buds (Tbs). Results indicate the diversity in size and internal connective tissue microstructure of Fu and Vp papillae in short-hair cats. Four types of CTCs were distinguished in Fu papillae: mushroom-like, club-like, columnar-like, and bud-like, whereas CTC in Vp papillae was mushroom-like. The Tbs of Fu and on Vp papillae were either evenly distributed or grouped. Tbs of Fu papillae analyzed in particular parts of the tongue and on Vp papillae revealed differences in its number. The estimated total number of Tbs on the tongue was up circa 8265. Our 2D and 3D Tbs analyses highlight the functional importance of different tongue regions: the lingual apex for food preselection, the lateral lingual surfaces for analyzing chewed food, and the caudal part of the tongue for final food tasting before swallowing. Comparing our results in cats with previous studies on herbivores, we recommend using proposed 3D analyses as effective tools for further comparative studies of mammalian gustatory structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":"49 4","pages":"198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12081509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel plant-derived recombinant COBRA infectious bronchitis virus spike protein can elicit a strong immune response in chickens.","authors":"Hang Thi Thu Hoang, Tra Thi Nguyen, Van Thi Pham, Tam Thanh Chu, My Thi Tra Le, Linh Nhat Doan, Hien Thi Thu Nguyen, Xuyen Thi Kim Le, Huong Thi Thanh Doan, Ha Hoang Chu, Ngoc Bich Pham","doi":"10.1007/s11259-025-10755-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-025-10755-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes an acute respiratory disease in chickens of all ages, and is an economic burden on the global poultry industry. In severe cases, this virus can spread from the respiratory tract to urinary and reproductive organs, leading to kidney damage, poor egg quality, and high mortality rate of chickens. Among IBV glycoproteins, spike (S) is the major determinant of viral attachment to host receptors and induction of neutralizing antibodies. Rapid mutations were found within the S gene of numerous IBV strains presenting in multiple geographical locations. Since the early detection of IBV in the 1930s, no single control strategy has so far shown high efficacy in protecting chickens. The aim of this investigation was therefore to develop a novel S-subunit vaccine to prevent this disease. Using a design approach of Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive Antigen (COBRA) and the Nicotiana benthamiana transient expression system, we have successfully generated a recombinant S protein comprising the most consensus amino acids of IBV strains circulating in Vietnam and surrounding areas. Importantly, our results showed that the plant-derived protein was able to induce a strong immune response in chickens with significantly high expression levels of IFN-γ, GZM-A, CD4, CD8 mRNAs in the peripheral blood. Remarkable titers of IgY specific antibodies were stably observed over a 5-week period post immunization by COBRA-S, which was in agreement with the reduction of clinical signs after virus challenge. This study contributes a potential direction to vaccine development coping with new IBV outbreaks in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":"49 4","pages":"196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of zinc oxide and monoglyceride blend on intestinal immune, health and microbiota responses of weanling pigs.","authors":"Ana Lígia Braga Mezzina, Erick Marlon Pereira, Cecília Archangelo Ferreira de Melo, Thallysson Taumaturgo Silva Souza, Matheus Saliba Monteiro, André Pegoraro Poor, Bruno Bracco Donatelli Muro, Caroline Veloso, Flávio de Aguiar Coelho, Rafaella Fernandes Carnevale, Francisco Alves Pereira, Fernanda Mariane Dos Santos, Jose Alfonso Echavarria Martínez, Rodrigo Knop Guazzi Messias, Cesar Augusto Pospissil Garbossa","doi":"10.1007/s11259-025-10762-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-025-10762-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organic acids are increasingly being investigated as alternatives to zinc oxide (ZnO) in nursery pig diets. Monoglycerides can act in distal parts of the intestine, promoting intestinal health, also reducing bacterial fermentation in hindgut. This study aimed to determine the effects of dietary supplementation based on a blend of monoglycerides (C4:C8:C10) (MBLEND) in replacement to ZnO during the nursery phase on growth-performance and intestinal health. Ninety-six piglets were used (average weight 7.08 ± 0.837 kg) with 25 days of age during 42 days, divided into three treatments and eight replicates in a randomized block design. The treatments were: CON - Negative control (basal diet without additive supplementation); MBLEND - Fatty acids (basal diet with monoglycerides blend (C4:C8:C10) additive supplementation at 1.5 kg/ton in the pre-initial 1 and pre-initial 2 phases, 1.0 kg/ton in the initial 1 and initial 2 phases) and ZnO - Zinc oxide (basal diet with zinc oxide supplementation at 3000 ppm in the pre-initial 1, pre-initial 2 and initial 1 phases, 2000 ppm in the initial 2 phase). Both ZnO and MBLEND groups did not influence (P>0.05) growth performance during all phases. The inclusion of the MBLEND improved (P<0.05) dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and ashes digestibility when compared to CON and ZnO groups. The use of ZnO reduced (P<0.05) IL-1 β cytokine expression in the piglets' jejunal mucosa. ZnO increased evenness and affected beta-diversity (P<0.05) compared to CON and MBLEND. The ZnO group increased Tannerellaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Muribaculaceae families and reduced Escherichia Coli-Shigella and Desulfovibrio generas (q<0.05). Although there were similar results on growth performance, ZnO modulated cecal microbiota and reduced inflammatory ileal cytokines and MBLEND improved protein and ashes digestibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":"49 4","pages":"197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and pathological characterization of a feline intestinal large granular lymphocyte lymphoma (LGLL).","authors":"Camila Issa Amaral, Lorena Santos Bezerra, Acácia Eduarda de Jesus Nascimento, Nayara Toledo da Silva, Lize Amanda Basaglia Borges, Paloma Helena Sanches da Silva, Letícia Monteiro Barbosa, Anelise Carvalho Nepomuceno, Rodrigo Dos Santos Horta, Geovanni Dantas Cassali, Ayisa Rodrigues Oliveira","doi":"10.1007/s11259-025-10765-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-025-10765-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A five-year-old neutered male domestic cat presented with a three-month history of vomiting, hyporexia, progressive weight loss, and abdominal pain. Ultrasound revealed a significant increase in the thickness of the ileum, suggestive of a neoplastic process. Enterectomy and enteroanastomosis was performed, and the sample was sent for histopathological examination. Grossly, the intestine was tortuous and was irregular. In the antimesenteric portion, a 1.4 cm thick, annular, homogenous, white and soft mass was present slightly reducing luminal diameter. Histologically, the neoplastic cells were arranged in sheets of large and pleomorphic round cells with numerous intracytoplasmic eosinophilic granules extending from the lamina propria to the serosa. Tumor cell immunolabelling was for CD3, multifocal for granzyme B and absent for CD79a and CD20. Based on the morphology and immunophenotyping of the neoplastic cells, the diagnosis of intestinal large granular lymphoma was made.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":"49 4","pages":"195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation with açai (Euterpe oleracea) improved the haemato-immunological parameters and growth performance of koi carp (Cyprinus Carpio Linnaeus, 1758).","authors":"Alexandre Vaz da Silva, Emilly Monteiro Lopes, Domickson Silva Costa, Gracienhe Gomes Dos Santos, Caio Francisco Santana Farias, Paola Capistrano Dos Santos, Ana Paula de Souza, Gabriele Bueno Dos Anjos, Manoela Clemente Fernandes, Arlene Sobrinho Ventura, Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso, Marco Shizuo Owatari, José Luiz Pedreira Mouriño, Maurício Laterça Martins","doi":"10.1007/s11259-025-10763-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-025-10763-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amazonian phytotherapeutics show great potential in treating various diseases and have proven effective in aquaculture. Açai, a plant rich in antioxidants, essential fatty acids, and anti-inflammatory properties, is a promising feed additive for fish. This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with açai in the diet of the juvenile koi carp Cyprinus carpio (Koi variety). For this purpose, the fish were subjected to five dietary treatments with different amounts of açai in the feed [0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g kg^-1] for 60 days. Phytochemical analyses revealed that the contents of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, and carotenoids and the antioxidant potential of the experimental diets increased as the inclusion volume increased. At the end of the feed trial, the growth performance, haematoimmunological parameters, and chemical analysis of the fillet and skin of the fish were evaluated. Weight gain, daily weight gain, biomass gain, daily biomass gain, and feed conversion were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the 15 g kg^-1 group than in the 5 g kg^-1 and control groups. In terms of haematology, the number of thrombocytes was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the fish from the 20 g kg^-1 treatment group than in those from the control group. The plasma antimicrobial activity significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the 15 g kg^-1 and 20 g kg^-1 treatments, whereas the agglutination titre was significantly positive (p < 0.05) in the açai treatments compared with the control group. The results indicated that freeze-dried açai pulp could be used as a growth promoter and improve the innate immune response of C. carpio after 60 days of dietary supplementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":"49 4","pages":"193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoonotic relevance of multidrug-resistant bacteria in parrots with respiratory illness.","authors":"Ahmed Samir, Tarek Mosallam, Hassan Aboul-Ella, Aisha Ali, Ojena Samir, Mohamed Hegab, Mark Erian, Fady Youssef, Hala Zaher","doi":"10.1007/s11259-025-10752-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-025-10752-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nowadays, research attention is paid to the investigation of bacterial pathogens in the cloaca of parrots rather than the nasal niche, which is largely ignored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the nasal carriage of multidrug-resistant bacteria with zoonotic potential in parrots suffering from respiratory illness. Nasal swabs were collected from 75 sick parrots with respiratory illness, and they were subjected to microbiological isolation and identification, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated with a prevalence rate of 36%, 32%, 26.7%, and 9.3%, respectively, while one isolate (1.3%) of Staphylococcus pseudointermedius, Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus sciuri, and Enterococcus faecalis was identified. E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis were investigated for ESBL genes, Staphylococcus species for the mecA gene, followed by SCCmec typing, and E. faecalis for the vanA and vanB genes. Regarding beta-lactamase-encoding genes, bla_TEM (97.6%), bla_SHV (48.8%), and bla_CTX-M (39%) gene families were detected, while bla_OXA was not found. Sequencing of bla_CTX-M in one strain of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis revealed bla_CTX-M-15. The mecA was determined in three S. aureus and one S. sciuri strain, and the SCCmec typing of three MRSA isolates yielded type V, whereas type I in S. sciuri. Only the vanA gene was recognized in the E. faecalis strain. Moreover, 67.1% of bacterial isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. These findings highlight the potential role of parrots in the transmission of multidrug-resistant zoonotic bacteria, which may pose a threat to human contacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":"49 4","pages":"194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12062053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaching equine infectious anemia in regions dominated by grade-working animals - a case of Pará, a state in the Brazilian Amazon.","authors":"Ana Paula Vilhena Beckman Pinho, Fernando Ferreira, Jeferson Jacó Fuck, Jefferson Pinto de Oliveira, Ricardo Augusto Dias, José Henrique Hidebrand Grisi-Filho, Marcos Bryan Heinemann, Evelise Oliveira Telles, Marcos Amaku, José Soares Ferreira Neto","doi":"10.1007/s11259-025-10759-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-025-10759-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considering that control strategies for Equine Infectious Anemia, based on the serological diagnosis of equids and the removal of positive animals, may not be optimal for developing countries with an absolute predominance of grade working animals, this study aimed to address this issue based on the epidemiological situation of the disease in Pará, a state in the Brazilian Amazon. Pará was divided into five regions, and within each region a pre-established number of farms were randomly selected. Within each farm, a pre-set number of animals were randomly selected and submitted to Agar Gel Immunodiffusion test. A questionnaire was administered on the farms to identify risk factors for the disease. In total, 2,718 equids (horses, mules and donkeys) from 654 farms were tested. The prevalence at farms and animal level in the state was 34.5% (95% CI: 30.8-38.4) and 15.8% (95% CI: 14.4-17.4), with significant regional differences. Equids from farms with 11 or more equids (OR = 2.32 [95% CI: 1.38-3.92]) and those that shared water sources with other farms (OR = 1.76 [95% CI: 1.26-2.46]) were more likely to be infected. The average sensitivity of the surveillance system for detecting infected farms ranged from 0.92 to 1.14%, which is insufficient to disrupt the endemic balance of the disease in the state, demanding a reassessment. The key elements of this process, as well as the potential strategies to be implemented, have been discussed in the context of Pará and can be extended to regions with similar characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":"49 4","pages":"192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}