World of Russian-speaking countries最新文献

{"title":"Vectors of political change in Russia","authors":"V. Peftiev","doi":"10.20323/2658-7866-2021-2-8-28-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20323/2658-7866-2021-2-8-28-41","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents and analyzes the political changes announced and anticipated by the mid-20s of the XXI century. The main factors shaping the public demand for change have been systematized. The author substantiates the conclusion that national projects mark the third stage in the evolution of strategic management matrices after a) targeted assignments (Soviet five-year plans) and b) target figures (indicative planning and targets of the globalization era). It is shown that the quintessence of the constitutional reform lies in the proportionate and coordinated participation of the President and the State Duma in forming the federal government, the key link in the executive power in Russia. The assumption is made that political parties in Russia are moving towardcentrism and consensual practice. There is a de jure and de facto imbalance in the realization of the civil rights to work and education. Russia seeks to balance sovereignty with the challenges of globalization, being an active mediator in resolving international conflicts (Syria, Iran, North Korea, Ukraine). It is recommended that the privatization transactions of the 1990s should be legitimized. The author is guided by the warning of the ancient thinkers kairos: “Political transformations should be done not too early, but not too late”.","PeriodicalId":236873,"journal":{"name":"World of Russian-speaking countries","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126546913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The image of the gloomy warrior in M. M. Kheraskov's poem “Vladimir” and in A. S. Pushkin's fairy tale “Ruslan and Lyudmila”","authors":"A. V. Semenova","doi":"10.20323/2658-7866-2021-2-8-64-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20323/2658-7866-2021-2-8-64-74","url":null,"abstract":"The article uses a comparative text analysis of the poem “Vladimir” and the fairy tale “Ruslan and Lyudmila” to reveal a number of parallels associated with the image of the warrior Rogdai. Previously, researchers have not considered this aspect of the works in detail. The character has a conventionally historical prototype – the epic hero Rogdai is mentioned in the “Core of Russian History” by A. I. Mankiev, and his laconic description in the source sets the type of character in Kheraskov’s and Pushkin’s poems. In both works Rogdai occupies a prominent position at the court of Prince Vladimir of Kiev, and is distinguished by his strength and violent temper. Kheraskov's poem emphasizes the immorality of the character, which is due to the didactic message of “Vladimir” and the need to discredit the warrior who is an opponent of Christianity, while Pushkin omits the ethical points. As the plot develops, the relatively neutral character becomes the antagonist of the main hero – Kheraskov's Vladimir and Pushkin's Ruslan – and at a certain point fights with them, which results in the warrior's dishonorable death. The comparison of “Vladimir” and “Ruslan and Lyudmila” shows that, in addition to the name, Rogdai has similar characteristics in the works of Kheraskov and Pushkin; the image is created according to the model of the epic hero, overshadowed by negative traits. The texts show common motifs - the anger, resentment and vindictiveness of the hero, the corrupting influence of the evil spirit and its helpers, Rogdai's wandering through the desert places, his death at the hands of the enemy. The similarity between Kheraskov's and Pushkin's characters of the same name leads to the conclusion that the image of the gloomy warrior from the poem “Vladimir” was borrowed into Ruslan and Lyudmila.","PeriodicalId":236873,"journal":{"name":"World of Russian-speaking countries","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128274233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artistic originality of the first translation and publication of I. Krylov's plays in China","authors":"Pei Jiang","doi":"10.20323/2658-7866-2022-1-11-60-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20323/2658-7866-2022-1-11-60-67","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the first translation of I. A. Krylov's plays in China, published in 2020. The translator is Li Chunyu, a lecturer at the Faculty of foreign languages of Xiamen University. This is the first book to introduce Chinese readers to Krylov as a playwright. As a fable writer he has long been well known in China, but his plays were translated for the first time by Li Chunyu, and he translated all 13 of Krylov's plays, including three unfinished ones. The article discusses some features of these translations, primarily the specifics of the title transformations, when the comic opera “The Coffee Lady” is translated as “The Soothsayer”, the comedy “Naughty Men” as “Chickens Fly and Dogs Jump”, the comedy “Pie” as “Chicken Cutlet”, and the most famous Krylov comedy “Lesson to Daughters” as “French Marquis” (the entire book is also called that). The article explains that the names of Krylov's plays were not changed accidentally, that the choice made by the translator is justified both by the peculiarities of the literary text perception by Chinese readers, and in terms of the history of Russian literature, when the title of Krylov's play “The French Marquis” (instead of “The lesson for daughters”), according to the translator, corresponds to the name of the famous comedy by N. V. Gogol “The Inspector General”. The article pays special attention to the analysis of the Golden Russia series of books, whose publication was launched in 2014 by the People's Publishing House (Zhenmin Chubanshe) of Sichuan province, edited by Wang Jianzhao, professor of the Institute of Foreign Literature at Beijing University of Foreign Languages, aimed at studying and publishing the best works of Russian culture for Chinese readers.","PeriodicalId":236873,"journal":{"name":"World of Russian-speaking countries","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133750162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soviet policy of “indigenization” and its influence on the language situation in Belarus","authors":"Svetlana A. Koloda","doi":"10.20323/2658-7866-2022-1-11-23-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20323/2658-7866-2022-1-11-23-45","url":null,"abstract":"The state and functioning of languages in the state is influenced by the language policy, which is an integral part of the national policy in multinational states. The experience of language building in Belarus demonstrates a situation that is unique for the post-Soviet countries, when two state languages, Belarusian and Russian, are used in conditions of diglossia. However, this specific linguistic situation is the result of a fairly long period of the Belarusian language development and the fact that modern Belarusian territories were part of different states: the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the USSR. The author analyzes the specific language situation in the Republic of Belarus and focuses on the historical analysis of the previous experience of language policy during the USSR period. The approaches and results of Belarusianization in the field of language policy are described in the article. The author considers the national and cultural policy in the BSSR as part of the Soviet policy of “indigenization”, but with goals and conditions specific to the Slavic peoples. This policy and its further transformation significantly influenced the functioning of Belarusian not only for all subsequent Soviet years, but also has a considerable impact today. In fact, the existence of two spelling norms of the modern Belarusian language and a mixed version of the Belarusian-Russian language, hinders the active development of the national language of Belarus. Despite the fact that both languages, Belarusian and Russian, have equal rights in the Republic of Belarus under the Constitution, both in official and in everyday communication, citizens of the country prefer Russian. At the same time, the Belarusian folk dialects and the variability of the Belarusian literary language have a negative impact on the further development and status of the national language.","PeriodicalId":236873,"journal":{"name":"World of Russian-speaking countries","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131385548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the new coronavirus epidemic on the russian economy and anti-epidemic measures in Russia","authors":"C. Yijun","doi":"10.20323/2658-7866-2021-3-9-34-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20323/2658-7866-2021-3-9-34-47","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents Chinese political scientists' analysis of the coronavirus epidemic in Russia and its impact on the Russian economy. The article reviews and characterizes the main stages in the development of the coronavirus pneumonia epidemic in Russia , the measures taken by the Russian government with regard to air travel regime, visa regime, and border crossing, as well as various restrictive measures taken by the subjects of the federation. The article analyzes the consequences of the coronavirus epidemic for Russian society: crisis of the national economy, GDP decline, inflation growth, plummeting state budget revenues, crisis of federal finances, growth of unemployment, decline in production, etc. The article describes the main anti-epidemic measures to prevent the large-scale spread of the new coronavirus in Russia: strengthening centralized management, establishing an information center to monitor the epidemic, blocking areas of high epidemic rates, and providing paid leave, returning Chinese citizens home, establishing specialized centers for treating coronavirus pneumonia, designing reagents and vaccines, creating intelligent diagnostic systems, large-scale testing and universal vaccination, expanding international anti-epidemic cooperation and strengthening healthcare diplomacy. The author examines the measures taken by the Russian government to stabilize the national economy during the pandemic: using a multifaceted approach to finance, taxation and social security, assistance to small and medium enterprises and individuals, allocating funds to create special funds to stabilize the economy, granting soft loans to small and medium enterprises seriously affected by the epidemic; deferment of tax and levy payments, suspension of creditors' bankruptcy petitions against debtors, increase in unemployment benefits, etc.","PeriodicalId":236873,"journal":{"name":"World of Russian-speaking countries","volume":"174 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114241488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the comparative study of N.V. Gogol's early prose and Pu Songling's short stories","authors":"Sun Wenjun","doi":"10.20323/2658-7866-2022-2-12-73-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20323/2658-7866-2022-2-12-73-88","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides a theoretical basis for a comparative study of N. V. Gogol's book Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka and Pu Songling's collection of short stories Descriptions of the Miraculous from Liao's Study, and also gives an example of such an analysis. To address these problems, the author undertakes a historical and theoretical review of the concept “typological connection” in comparative literary studies. There is a review of the main works of Russian and foreign researchers, as well as various theoretical concepts of comparative literary studies, which leads to the conclusion that the analysis of typological relations is not currently limited to the social context and involves a fundamental study of certain authors' poetics. The article demonstrates that comparing the poetics of N. V. Gogol and Pu Songling allows us to better understand the uniqueness and originality of their work. From this point of view, the typological study of their fantasy prose - Gogol's “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka” and Pu Songling's “Descriptions of the Miraculous from Liao's Study” – seems quite relevant. The article concludes that the experience of comparative literary studies in examining genetically unrelated texts shows the possibility of comparing the works of Gogol and Pu Songling in terms of reflecting fantasy and folk demonology in their works. The prospect of studying this problem is illustrated by the analysis of two texts by these authors. The results suggest that the comparative poetics of Gogol and Pu Songling will allow a deeper understanding of both these authors' originality as well as that of Russian and Chinese literature.","PeriodicalId":236873,"journal":{"name":"World of Russian-speaking countries","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121944818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The place of education in Russia's “soft power” policy: strategic directions and tools","authors":"S. Talanov","doi":"10.20323/2658-7866-2022-2-12-22-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20323/2658-7866-2022-2-12-22-47","url":null,"abstract":"The author attempts to study the place of education in Russia's “soft pow-er” policy. In order to achieve this goal, a survey was conducted among undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students at the leading Russian universities with the largest number of foreign students. In particular, the satisfaction of foreign citizens with living conditions, education, facilities and equipment of the universities was analyzed. In addition, it was found that when choosing a country (university), the citizens of the CIS countries, to a greater extent than the Chinese and Indians, were guided by the feedback of university graduates, advice from their close environment, and the conventional media (television, radio, and the press). It was also found that foreign students, when choosing a university in Russia to enter, rely on the resources of their family or family group (economic, symbolic, cultural, social capital), that is, they act rationally. If students cannot afford to be educated straight away at a prestigious university in the Russian Federation, they first enter the university in Russia that they can, and then plan to continue their studies at the master's or postgraduate level of the desired university. It has been proven that applicants from wealthy families are guided by the university's rating when choosing a university. Applicants from families that belong to the group of moderate means, when choosing a university, focus on such institutions of higher education, which are easy to enter, just to leave their country and never to return. It has also been found that applicants from neighboring countries seek higher education in Russia, as many of them know Russian, but do not know English, Portuguese, German, French at the appropriate level and cannot afford to study at the highly ranked Western universities and in developed East Asian countries. Most applicants evaluate the quality of education by the level of GDP growth, the higher the GDP growth, the more willing they are to enroll in universities in a given country.","PeriodicalId":236873,"journal":{"name":"World of Russian-speaking countries","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127669444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N. YA. BICHURIN’S СHINESE GRAMMAR: A RETROSPECTIVE VIEW","authors":"L. Kiryukhina","doi":"10.20323/2658-7866-2020-3-5-74-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20323/2658-7866-2020-3-5-74-86","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the first in Russia (and in Russian) textbook of Chinese – “Chinese grammar by Fr. Hyacinth”. The article describes the content of this grammar book according to modern grammar studies. It is shown the following issues: 1) there were no special books for the purpose of teaching Chinese in Russia, so it was necessary to make such a textbook; 2) for a long time this “Grammar…” was the only textbook to teach the Chinese language; 3) when N. Ya. Bichurin came to China, European missionaries had already created an impressive number of works describing the Chinese language, and he studied carefully these works; 4) European books about Chinese are described and critiqued in Hyacinth’s grammar; 5) N. Ya. Bichurin had a good command of Chinese, was well up in the differences between the written language and the spoken language; 6) knowing Chinese very well, he could study works of Chinese philologists and also described them in his “Grammar…”; 7) Hyacinth noticed that Chinese words can function as different parts of speech; 8) he talked about nine parts of speech including unique to the Chinese language “function words”; 9) the expression of grammatical meaning is linked with the syntactic position of content words and the presence of function words.","PeriodicalId":236873,"journal":{"name":"World of Russian-speaking countries","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127720855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On forming the Russian scientific language in the late XVIII – early XIX centuries","authors":"Natalya V. Nikolenkova","doi":"10.20323/2658-7866-2022-2-12-103-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20323/2658-7866-2022-2-12-103-113","url":null,"abstract":"Studying the history of the Russian language of science is necessary primarily to understand the trends and prospects of its development. The language of Russian science today is heavily influenced by English, which is due to the requirement to write articles for journals in English, and to numerous international conferences where even Russian scientists make reports in English, as well as to the spread of terminology in English, in place of the conventional Russian terminology, which for many seems a marker of “novelty” in approach. It is possible to change the approach only if we understand the tendencies in the Russian scientific language at different stages of its historical development. This article is devoted to one of the earliest periods in the formation of the Russian scientific language – the second half of XVIII – early XIX centuries. It was during this period that the first Russian scholars appeared, writing in their native language. And the increasing translation activity leads to the appearance of quality works of a scientific nature (encyclopedias, academic books, and dictionaries) – and these works become a reference point for the emergence of original scientific texts. Finally, in 1783 the Russian Academy was founded, and its first work was the Dictionary of the Russian Academy (1789-1794). The article analyzes certain features of the scientific language at that period and their reflection in the current scientific language. The author concludes that the formation of the science language in XVIII – early XIX centuries was contradictory: the scientific language sought to avoid morphological and syntactic innovations and at the same time the vocabulary of the language sought imagery and vividness, which led to the formation of terminology with its internal form in the Russian language.","PeriodicalId":236873,"journal":{"name":"World of Russian-speaking countries","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130370672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Classical Drama to “New Drama”: Plot Poetics in the Plays ‟Redemption” by I. N. Potapenko, “The Work of Life” by N. I. Timkovsky ‟The Question” by A. S. Suvorin and ‟The Cherry Orchard” by A. P. Chekhov","authors":"Kseniya E. Poltevskaya","doi":"10.20323/2658-7866-2022-1-11-82-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20323/2658-7866-2022-1-11-82-97","url":null,"abstract":"The Article is a part of a broad historical and literary problem of ‟Chekhov and his literary environment”. The paper under discussion is devoted to a comparative study of dramaturgical methods used by playwrights of the turn of the XIX‒XX centuries and the determination of the vector of the writers’ artistic search. The research subject is the system of structural and typological features such an element of dramaturgical methods as plot in the plays ‟The Cherry Orchard” by A. P. Chekhov, ‟Redemption” by I. N. Potapenko, “The Work of Life” by N. I. Timkovsky and ‟The Question” by A. S. Suvorin, the methods affiliation with a certain type of dramaturgical system (classical and ‟new drama”). The aim of the investigation is analysis of the features of the structure of the plot in selected plays, comparing them with the principles of classical drama and ‟new drama”, and comparing the findings among themselves. The main method used in the paper is the method of structural and typological comparison. The ideological and thematic unity of the plays, the interconnection of some motives, plot elements are revealed. It is proved that of all the plays considered, only the plot of Suvorin’s play ‟The Question” corresponds to the principles of classical drama, while elements of decentralization are already observed in it due to a certain independence of the secondary plot lines. The plot models of the plays ‟The Atonement” by Potapenko and ‟The Work of Life” by Timkovsky occupy an intermediate position between the classical and the ‟new drama”. In both plays, an ‟inner plot” appears. Unlike the aforementioned playwrights, Chekhov's plot model is fundamentally different from classical drama. The main principle of the organization of the plot of ‟The Cherry Orchard” is the decentralization of plot lines. The most important is the internal plot: a person in the flow of time. In addition, all the plays are united by an invariant plot reflecting the Russian reality of that time, connected with the fate of the noble estate mortgaged for debts.","PeriodicalId":236873,"journal":{"name":"World of Russian-speaking countries","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128798620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}