Welding Journal最新文献_第4页

The Horizontal Sonocapillary Effect in UltrasonicAssisted Soldering 超声波辅助焊接中的水平声毛细管效应

IF 2.2 3区材料科学

Welding Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.29391/2023.102.009

Shu Chen, Zhiwu Xu, Zhengwei Li, Zhongwei Ma, Lin Ma, Jiuchun Yan

引用次数: 0

Impact of Electrode Rotation on Aluminum GMAW Bead Shape 电极旋转对铝GMAW焊珠形状的影响

IF 2.2 3区材料科学

Welding Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.29391/2023.102.010

Jim Hansen, D. Harwig

{"title":"Impact of Electrode Rotation on Aluminum GMAW Bead Shape","authors":"Jim Hansen, D. Harwig","doi":"10.29391/2023.102.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29391/2023.102.010","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum gas metal arc welding (GMAW) uses inert shielding gas to minimize weld pool oxidation and reduce susceptibility to porosity and incomplete fusion defects. For aluminum shipbuilding, naval welding requirements highly recommend the use of helium-argon mixtures or pure helium shielding gas to provide a broader heat field and better weld toe fusion. Pure argon shielding gas can be used but has been susceptible to incomplete fusion and porosity defects, where argon’s lower thermal conductivity promotes a narrower arc heat field and shallow weld fusion depth. Using helium is a concern because it is a finite resource that costs approximately five times more than argon. The rotating electrode pulsed GMAW process was investigated to improve argon shielding fusion characteristics and reduce helium usage. Argon-shielded bead-on-plate tests were used to evaluate the relationship between ER5183 electrode rotation parameters and arc power on constant deposit area bead shape. These tests were compared to stringer beads (no oscillation) that were made with argon, helium, and helium-argon shielding gases. Electrode rotation improved underbead fusion depth width and toe fusion. With preferred rotation parameters, the bead width and incomplete fusion at weld toes were equivalent to helium-based welds. For weld reinforcement, electrode rotation promoted a nonsymmetric profile with deposit bias on the bead side, where rotation direction was aligned with travel direction. The bead-side deposit bias is an advantage based on preliminary horizontal V-groove welding procedures using ceramic backing. Electrode rotation can offset the effects of gravity, promoting a smoother bead and fusion profile.","PeriodicalId":23681,"journal":{"name":"Welding Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48082023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finite Element Analysis of Underwater Wet Welding: The Implementation of Bubble Configuration 水下湿焊的有限元分析：气泡形态的实现

IF 2.2 3区材料科学

Welding Journal Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.29391/2023.102.008

Jianfeng Wang, Y. Chen, Jinping Liu, Zhang Tao, Cheng-cai Liu, Cancan Yan, Yingchao Feng

{"title":"Finite Element Analysis of Underwater Wet Welding: The Implementation of Bubble Configuration","authors":"Jianfeng Wang, Y. Chen, Jinping Liu, Zhang Tao, Cheng-cai Liu, Cancan Yan, Yingchao Feng","doi":"10.29391/2023.102.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29391/2023.102.008","url":null,"abstract":"To reasonably characterize the features of underwater wet welding, especially the bubble effect engendered from a high concentration of heat, a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model considering the interaction of bubble dynamics with the boundary layer was developed. A semi-empirical method assessing the bubble growth process was incorporated into the model as boundary conditions to account for the heat loss mechanism. It was proven that consideration of the bubble configuration can improve prediction accuracy, and the predicted weld profile was in good agreement with the experimental results. To reveal the contribution of the bubble configuration while maintaining processing variables consistency, the influences of the equivalent contact radius of the bubble and its floating frequency on the temperature field evolution were evaluated. The results showed that low floating frequency and/ or a high equivalent contact radius tend to depress the heat losses to a water environment, prolong the t8/5 time, and enhance the weld width and joint penetration, which render the role of optimized bubble dynamics beneficial. Under otherwise identical conditions, the equivalent contact radius of the bubble plays a much better role than the bubble floating frequency in promoting weld pool dimensions. Based on the quantified data, suggestions concerning the matching strategy of bubble configuration and heat input for underwater wet welding may be provided.","PeriodicalId":23681,"journal":{"name":"Welding Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42465492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Quantitative Interpretation of Dynamic Resistance Signal in Resistance Spot Welding 电阻点焊中动态电阻信号的定量解释

IF 2.2 3区材料科学

Welding Journal Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.29391/2023.102.006

Yu-Jun Xia, Tianle Lv, Yong-Bing Li, H. Ghassemi-Armaki, B. Carlson

{"title":"Quantitative Interpretation of Dynamic Resistance Signal in Resistance Spot Welding","authors":"Yu-Jun Xia, Tianle Lv, Yong-Bing Li, H. Ghassemi-Armaki, B. Carlson","doi":"10.29391/2023.102.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29391/2023.102.006","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic resistance is one of the most common and important signals used to monitor and control the resistance spot welding (RSW) process. However, existing studies on the signal evolution mechanism are limited to qualitative analysis, resulting in an ambiguous interpretation of the formation mechanism for the signal features. In this paper, a collaborative simulation approach was applied for the RSW of bare DP590 steel to obtain high-precision computation of the temperature and potential distributions inside the weld. On this basis, an analytical mapping model between the dynamic resistance signal and the weld profile was developed based on basic physical laws, and the signal evolution mechanism was quantitatively revealed through the model. It was found that the main factors determining the signal evolution trend are average sheet temperature and electrode/sheet contact diameter rather than the nugget growth process. The peak resistance feature was attributed to the bilinear relationship between sheet resistivity and temperature rather than nugget formation. The resistance drop after the peak mainly arose from the increase of the electrode/sheet contact diameter rather than nugget growth. This study can help improve the comprehension of the dynamic resistance signal and the interpretability of some data-driven methods used for RSW quality monitoring and control.","PeriodicalId":23681,"journal":{"name":"Welding Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46489421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The GMAW Process Using a Two-Dimensional Arc Deflection with AC Hot Wires 利用交流热线进行二维电弧偏转的GMAW工艺

IF 2.2 3区材料科学

Welding Journal Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.29391/2023.102.007

Kiril Schmidt, J. Bergmann, Eric Spaniol, M. Trautmann, U. Füssel

{"title":"The GMAW Process Using a Two-Dimensional Arc Deflection with AC Hot Wires","authors":"Kiril Schmidt, J. Bergmann, Eric Spaniol, M. Trautmann, U. Füssel","doi":"10.29391/2023.102.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29391/2023.102.007","url":null,"abstract":"Heat input in gas metal arc welding (GMAW) directly correlates with the applied current. As a result, welding irregularities, such as incomplete fusion and excessive penetration, increase and mechanical properties decrease. One way for adjusting heat input is to use hot wire technology. In this article, a two-dimensional arc deflection in GMAW was presented by simultaneous application of two alternating current (AC) hot wires. It is shown how the positioning of the hot wires and the signal characteristics of the current intensity influenced the deflection pattern and weld quality. It was found that the magnetic fields of the two hot wires overlapped due to the narrow opening between. Therefore, an increased one-dimensional deflection resulted. To obtain a two-dimensional deflection, it was necessary to shield the magnetic fields from each other by means of a ferritic material. By pulsing or phase shifting the current signals, individual deflection patterns were possible. The effect of arc deflection was visualized with highspeed recordings and metallographic investigations. Different deflection patterns were generated to adjust heat input and counteract weld irregularities. The use of hot wire technology allowed an increase in deposition rate by simultaneous improvement of weld quality.","PeriodicalId":23681,"journal":{"name":"Welding Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48942065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Application of Machine Learning to Regression Analysis of a Large SMA Weld Metal Database 机器学习在大型SMA焊缝金属数据库回归分析中的应用

IF 2.2 3区材料科学

Welding Journal Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.29391/2023.102.004

Rajan Varadarajan, K. Sampath

{"title":"Application of Machine Learning to Regression Analysis of a Large SMA Weld Metal Database","authors":"Rajan Varadarajan, K. Sampath","doi":"10.29391/2023.102.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29391/2023.102.004","url":null,"abstract":"A machine learning approach was used to perform a regression analysis of Evans’s shielded metal arc (SMA) weld metal (WM) database involving several groups of Fe-C-Mn high-strength steels. The objective of this investigation was to develop an expression for austenite-to-ferrite (Ar3) transformation temperature that also included the effects of principal and minor alloy elements (in wt-%) and weld cooling rate (in °C/s) and relate this expression with WM ultimate tensile strength (UTS). The Ar3 data from 257 records obtained from several selected sources were combined with Ar3 projections at extreme end points in Evans’s WM database. Subsequently, a cluster analysis was performed. The data in Evans’s database was filtered with the carbon equivalent number limited to 0.3 maximum, carbon content limited to 0.1 wt-% maximum, nitrogen content limited to 99 ppm (0.0099 wt-%) maximum, preassigned Ar3 values limited to 680°C minimum, and WM UTS limited to 710 MPa maximum. The results provided a good approximation to the expression for Ar3 transformation temperature in terms of elemental compositions and cooling rate. This allowed the Ar3 to correlate with WM UTS of Fe-C-Mn in at least four ways depending on the sign of correlation of the data clusters. The elemental combinations in the cluster with the highest negative correlation revealed highly predictable WM UTS. In particular, the new Ar3 expression helped to predict decreases observed in certain Ar3 experimental data on WMs with balanced Ti, B, Al, N, and O additions reported among 13 records with additional dilatometry results. This correlation between the new expression for the Ar3 temperature and UTS of Fe-C-Mn WM is expected to complement the Japan Welding Engineering Society artificial neural network model currently available to predict Charpy V-notch test temperature for 28 J absorbed energy based on WM chemical composition. It will thereby provide a pair of effective tools for efficient development and/or evaluation of high-performance welding electrodes based on an Fe-C-Mn system for demand-critical applications.","PeriodicalId":23681,"journal":{"name":"Welding Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47205926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effects of Filler Wire Intervention on the Gas Tungsten Arc: Part III — Process Stability Control of Wire-Filled GTAW 填充焊丝对钨极气体电弧的影响——第三部分——填充焊丝GTAW工艺稳定性控制

IF 2.2 3区材料科学

Welding Journal Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.29391/2023.102.005

S. Zou, Zhijiang Wang, Yue Cao, Shengsun Hu

引用次数: 0

Corrosion Resistance of Dissimilar GTA Welds for Offshore Applications 海上应用不同GTA焊缝的耐腐蚀性能

IF 2.2 3区材料科学

Welding Journal Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.29391/2023.102.002

W. Khan, Rahul Chhibber, N. Saini, Yajing Wang, Ravikiran Kopparthi, Suvan Dev Choudhury, Leijun Li

引用次数: 1

Applying In-Situ Radiography to Study Porosity Formation in Aluminum Welds 应用原位射线照相技术研究铝焊缝气孔形成

IF 2.2 3区材料科学

Welding Journal Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.29391/2023.102.001

A. Barraza, C. Cross, C. Stull, Jesse N Martinez, C. Fink

{"title":"Applying In-Situ Radiography to Study Porosity Formation in Aluminum Welds","authors":"A. Barraza, C. Cross, C. Stull, Jesse N Martinez, C. Fink","doi":"10.29391/2023.102.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29391/2023.102.001","url":null,"abstract":"In-situ radiographic aluminum welding experiments were set up to observe the porosity formation and movement in aluminum weld pools. Aluminum Alloys 1100, 4047, and 6061 were autogenously gas tungsten arc welded while digitally recording radiograph images of macropores. Hydrogen was added in controlled parts per million through an argon-hydrogen shielding gas. The shielding gas hydrogen varied between 0 and 1000 parts per million of hydrogen, and three travel speeds were tested: 1.69, 2.54, and 3.39 mm/s. The transfer of hydrogen from the arc plasma to the weld pool was characterized using postweld gravimetric measurements to get the total pore volume and calculate weld metal hydrogen content. The amount of hydrogen added through the shielding gas played an important role in macropore volume and growth rate. Welding travel speed likewise played a critical role in hydrogen pickup. Alloy 1100 macropores originated at the bottom of the weld pool and then migrated upward toward the rear of the pool. Macropores in Alloys 4047 and 6061 originated at the leading edge of the weld pool and then moved downward and toward the rear of the pool. It is hypothesized that this difference in behavior is related to Marangoni-controlled fluid flow in Alloys 4047 and 6061.","PeriodicalId":23681,"journal":{"name":"Welding Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46354907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Temperature on Electron Beam Brazing of Titanium to Alumina Ceramic 温度对钛与氧化铝陶瓷电子束钎焊的影响

IF 2.2 3区材料科学

Welding Journal Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.29391/2023.102.003

A. Zenin, I. Bakeev, A. Klimov, E. Oks, A. Tyunkov

引用次数: 0