Welding Journal最新文献

Influence of Boron on Stress-Relief Cracking Susceptibility of T23 Steel 硼对 T23 钢应力消除开裂敏感性的影响

IF 2.2 3区材料科学

Welding Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.29391/2024.103.001

Dongdong Zhang, Xue Wang

{"title":"Influence of Boron on Stress-Relief Cracking Susceptibility of T23 Steel","authors":"Dongdong Zhang, Xue Wang","doi":"10.29391/2024.103.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29391/2024.103.001","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of boron on stress-relief cracking (SRC) sensitivity in the coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of ASME SA213-T23 was studied by thermo-mechanical simulation. Then, the fracture mode, microstructure, carbide evolution, and boron segregation were observed by an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope, a transmission electron microscope, and an electron probe microanalyzer. Finally, the mechanism of increasing boron content to improve SRC resistance was described. The results showed that when the boron content is lower than 0.0038 wt.-%, T23 steel is sensitive to SRC at 550–750°C (1022–1382°F), and the sensitive temperature range narrows as the boron content increases. When the boron content increases to 0.010 wt.-%, SRC can be eliminated. Moreover, boron addition did not improve grain boundary (GB) strength nor did it fundamentally change the fracture mode at high temperatures, but it significantly improved intergranular ductility. This is because the boron segregation at the GB inhibits the precipitation of M23C6 carbides, which reduces the void nucleation and alloy element depletion near the GB, thus significantly improving intergranular plasticity. The improvement of intergranular plasticity gives the grain sufficient time to deform and greatly improves the overall plasticity of the CGHAZ. As a result, the SRC resistance of the welded joint is significantly improved because the stress can be released through enough plastic deformation during postweld heat treatment or service.","PeriodicalId":23681,"journal":{"name":"Welding Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139126266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intelligent Prediction of FSW Physical Quantity and Joint Mechanical Properties FSW 物理量和接头机械性能的智能预测

IF 2.2 3区材料科学

Welding Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.29391/2024.103.002

Xiaohong Lu, Fanmao Zeng, Y. Luan, X. Meng

引用次数: 0

Effect of Electron Beam Oscillation Welding of Molybdenum and Titanium 钼和钛的电子束振荡焊接效应

IF 2.2 3区材料科学

Welding Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.29391/2024.103.003

XIN-MIN Shi, DE-FENG Mo, Tong Zhao, Yang Zhang, Wen Sun, HAI-MEI Gong, Xue Li

引用次数: 0

Repairing High γ’ Hot Section Gas Turbine Components Using Advanced Manufacturing 利用先进制造技术修复高γ'热段燃气轮机部件

IF 2.2 3区材料科学

Welding Journal Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.29391/2023.102.023

N. Sridharan, Yousub Lee, Brian Jordan, John Robertson, Ramesh Ramakrishnan

引用次数: 0

Stress Distribution of EH40 with Defects Considering Solid-State Phase Transformation 考虑固态相变的有缺陷 EH40 的应力分布

IF 2.2 3区材料科学

Welding Journal Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.29391/2023.102.024

LU WANG, Y. Rong, YU HUANG, JIAJUN XU, JIANG HU, Guojun Zhang

{"title":"Stress Distribution of EH40 with Defects Considering Solid-State Phase Transformation","authors":"LU WANG, Y. Rong, YU HUANG, JIAJUN XU, JIANG HU, Guojun Zhang","doi":"10.29391/2023.102.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29391/2023.102.024","url":null,"abstract":"Residual stress of laser-welded marine steel EH40 was experimentally and numerically analyzed considering weld defects (collapse, hump, and unfitness) and solid-state phase transformation (SSPT). A double-cylindrical source model was used to simulate the temperature distribution. The mean prediction errors of the model without and with weld defects along the plate thickness were 9.2 and 3.5%. Based on the thermodynamics of SSPT, microstructure fractions were computed and verified by weld hardness test results. Under the effect of SSPT, residual stress changed from compressive stress to tensile stress with the increase of the distance from the weld center. Weld defects have an influence on the value of residual stress, and this effect was greater when SSPT was considered. The affected zone extended from the vicinity of weld defects to the whole weld. The variations of longitudinal residual stress (LRS) and transverse residual stress (TRS) caused by weld defects and SSPT both exceeded 150 MPa. LRS was mainly affected by the loss and increase of metal, while TRS was affected by the stress concentration caused by shape geometry changes. Thus, the influence of weld defects on TRS was greater than that on LRS. The proposed finite element model considering weld defects and SSPT can be used to accurately predict residual stress in laser welding of marine steel EH40 and provide a theoretical basis to reduce welding stress.","PeriodicalId":23681,"journal":{"name":"Welding Journal","volume":"813 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139020582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Novel Strategy for Realizing Reliable Welding of Aluminum-Steel 实现铝钢可靠焊接的新策略

IF 2.2 3区材料科学

Welding Journal Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.29391/2023.102.022

Mingfeng Li, Yanjun Wang, Wu Tao, SHANGLU YANG

引用次数: 0

Impact of Plate Thickness and Joint Geometry on Residual Stresses in 347H Stainless Steel Welds 板厚和接头几何形状对347H不锈钢焊缝残余应力的影响

3区材料科学

Welding Journal Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.29391/2023.102.021

YU HONG, TIMOTHY PICKLE, ZHENZHEN YU, JUDITH VIDAL, CHAD AUGUSTINE

{"title":"Impact of Plate Thickness and Joint Geometry on Residual Stresses in 347H Stainless Steel Welds","authors":"YU HONG, TIMOTHY PICKLE, ZHENZHEN YU, JUDITH VIDAL, CHAD AUGUSTINE","doi":"10.29391/2023.102.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29391/2023.102.021","url":null,"abstract":"Weldments of 347H stainless steel are potentially susceptible to stress relaxation cracking at elevated service temperatures. Mitigation of stress relaxation cracking susceptibility within a multipass weld requires a good understanding of welding practices and manufacturing techniques to control high tensile residual stresses. In this work, the dependence of residual stress distribution in 347H stainless steel on base plate thickness, joint geometry design, and preheating condition was systematically investigated by using three-dimensional finite element models. The finite element models were validated through good agreement between neutron diffraction measurements and calculated elastic strains. The single-V-groove welds with and without a preheating step all produced similar peak von Mises residual stresses, above 450 MPa, within both the fusion zone and heat-affected zone (HAZ). In plates thicker than 0.5 in. (12.7 mm), high tensile residual stress could be observed in a relatively large area, from the middle of the plate thickness to underneath the top surface. A double-V groove shifted the high tensile stress area to the middle thickness of the weld. A single-J-groove weld was able to confine the residual stress to a very small region near the middle thickness within the fusion zone and suppressed the von Mises residual stress within the HAZ to below 400 MPa.","PeriodicalId":23681,"journal":{"name":"Welding Journal","volume":"412 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135111269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding and Controlling the Weld Microstructure of Steels 了解和控制钢的焊缝组织

3区材料科学

Welding Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.29391/2023.102.018

TOSHIHIKO KOSEKI

引用次数: 0

Observation of Arc and Metal Transfer Behavior according to Shielding Gas in the WAAM of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy Using the Pulsed Gas Metal Arc Process 脉冲气体金属电弧法观察Ti-6Al-4V合金WAAM中保护气体的电弧和金属转移行为

3区材料科学

Welding Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.29391/2023.102.020

TAE HYUN LEE, DONG HYUCK KAM, CHEOLHEE KIM, JE HOON OH

{"title":"Observation of Arc and Metal Transfer Behavior according to Shielding Gas in the WAAM of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy Using the Pulsed Gas Metal Arc Process","authors":"TAE HYUN LEE, DONG HYUCK KAM, CHEOLHEE KIM, JE HOON OH","doi":"10.29391/2023.102.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29391/2023.102.020","url":null,"abstract":"In arc welding and wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) of Ti alloys, pulsed gas metal arc (GMA) processes have a higher deposition than shortcircuiting GMA mode processes, such as cold metal transfer, surface tension transfer, and controlled short-circuit processes. In this study, pulsed GMA WAAM of Ti–6Al–4V alloy was conducted under Ar, Ar50%/He50% mixed, and He shielding gases. Owing to the thermionic emission of electrons from the Ti substrate, cathode jets were emitted from the high-temperature region of the weld pool, which interfered with droplet transfer into the weld pool. The arc shape surrounding the droplet varied according to the shielding gas, and the arc was established at the bottom of the hanging droplet under the He shielding gas, which disturbed droplet detachment. Two spatter generation modes of droplet ejection from the weld pool surface and inflight droplet repelling were observed, and droplet ejection was the most frequent spatter generation mechanism. The mixed shielding gas showed the best performance in terms of arc stability, wire melting, droplet transfer, and spatter suppression. The arc, cathode, and metal transfer characteristics were elucidated in this study, and a suitable gas composition for pulsed GMA WAAM of Ti alloys was proposed.","PeriodicalId":23681,"journal":{"name":"Welding Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135707139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Power Density Distributions in Electron Beams 电子束中的功率密度分布

3区材料科学

Welding Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.29391/2023.102.019

JOHN W. ELMER, ALAN T. TERUYA, GORDON GIBBS

{"title":"Power Density Distributions in Electron Beams","authors":"JOHN W. ELMER, ALAN T. TERUYA, GORDON GIBBS","doi":"10.29391/2023.102.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29391/2023.102.019","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring and controlling the power density distribution of electron beams used for welding is critical for producing repeatable welds and for transferring welding parameters between different machines. On any given machine, the power density distribution is controlled by defocusing the beam relative to its sharpest focused condition. However, measuring the power density distribution can be difficult due to the intense nature of welding beams and is further complicated by imperfect electron optics that can distort the beam, making it difficult to quantify. The enhanced modified Faraday cup (EMFC) diagnostic method was used here for beam analysis that utilizes computed tomography to reconstruct the beam’s power density distribution. These results were compared to the International Standards Organization (ISO) method for characterizing laser beams using a second-moment D4σ calculation. For ideal Gaussian-shaped beams, both methods would give the same result. However, for imperfect beams, the calculated D4σ diameter was shown to be about 25% larger relative to the FWe2 diameter measured by the EMFC due to the heavier weighting of data in the tails of the beam by D4σ. Although both methods produce repeatable welds, it is important to understand the differences in the reported beam diameters, divergence angles, and beam parameter products when transferring parameters between machines.","PeriodicalId":23681,"journal":{"name":"Welding Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135707136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1