West African journal of medicine最新文献

{"title":"EFFECT OF HAART ON OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE IN HIV PATIENTS AT UITH IN ILORIN.","authors":"U A Hamza, A F Omolade, A B Okesina, S A Biliaminu, I M Abdul Azeez, J O Yusuff","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human immunodeficiency virus HIV causes a well-known global disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which has a high disease burden in Africa. HIV infection is known to be associated with oxidative stress, which may contribute to disease severity. However, the effect of HAART is equivocal, and requires more studies. 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a useful biomarker to assess oxidative DNA damage in biological fluids, was therefore measured in this study.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study measured 8-OHdG in HIV seronegative and seropositive participants and correlated it with the duration of HAART.</p><p><strong>Research question: </strong>Does HIV infection have an effect on oxidative DNA damage? Does HAART have an effect on oxidative DNA damage? Does HAART duration have an effect on oxidative DNA damage?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study consisting of 99 participants in 4 strata: 20 HIV seronegative, 25 HAART naïve, 26 on HAART <5 years, and 28 on HAART >5 years. Those on HAART were all on Tenofovir, Lamivudine, and Dolutegravir (TLD) combination. The questionnaires were administered, and blood samples were collected from all the participants. The serum 8-OHdG was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in all the participants. The universal biosafety standards were strictly adhered to. The data were collected and analyzed with SPSS 2016 version.</p><p><strong>Results/discussion: </strong>The serum levels of 8-OHdG of the participants were shown below. Our findings showed higher 8-OHdG in HIV patients than the Controls and is much higher in HAART naïve when compared with those on HAART (p = 0.005). The serum 8-OHdG and HAART duration were compared and showed a statistically significant negative correlation (r = - 0.331, p= 0.014).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that HIV infection causes oxidative DNA damage which is more in patients who have not started HAART than those on HAART. This showed that the TLD-HAART regimen reduces HIV-associated oxidative stress over time, though not completely. This finding further supports a critical role of oxidative stress in HIV infection, a protective effect of HAART, and a potential role of antioxidants that requires further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23680,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of medicine","volume":"41 11 Suppl 1","pages":"S60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREVALENCE OF HYPOCALCAEMIA IN A SELECTED POPULATION IN KANO: CALL FOR METABOLOMICS AND GENETIC PROFILING FOR RISK PREDICTION.","authors":"Zainab U Ibrahim, Sherifah Sheriff, Hassan A Murtala, Usman Ali, Zainab A Mustapha, Halima Haladu, Nabila A Yau, Rabi'atu A Bichi, Aminu A Yusuf, Kabiru Abdulsalam, Aishatu L Adamu, Aisha M Nalado, Idris Y Mohammed, Mahmoud U Sani, C William Wester, Muktar H Aliyu, Hamisu M Salihu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Severe acute symptomatic hypocalcemia, requiring emergency medical intervention, is a significant but poorly understood condition with high morbidity. In our setting, patients present to emergency rooms with painful carpo-pedal spasms that last for several hours, sometimes mimicking seizure disorders. Metabolomics and genetic profiling are innovative approaches that pinpoint molecular and genetic determinants of hypocalcemia risk which can be adopted to guide treatment in our population.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence of hypocalcemia in urban Kano as a preliminary step towards identifying key risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained retrospective data from patients who presented to a tertiary hospital between January and December 2023. Serum calcium levels were measured on Abbott Architect c4000 autoanalyzer. We analyzed data using R statistical software (version 4.3.2). Chi-square tests were used to assess significant differences (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,270 samples were analyzed, consisting of 59.3% (n = 753) males, their mean age was 36.2 ± 4 years. Mean serum calcium levels were 2.05 ± 0.34 mmol/L to 2.11 ± 1.00 mmol/L. Overall prevalence of hypocalcemia (serum calcium < 2.2 mmol/L) was 52.2%. Females exhibited a significantly higher prevalence (58.8%) compared to males (p = 0.03). The highest prevalence was observed in the 40-59-year age group (p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hypocalcemia is highly prevalent in our population emphasizing the need for innovative approaches to better understand the genetic predictors, enable early intervention and prevent the long-term complications. These findings also provide a foundation for future multicenter studies and could inform public health policies targeting at risk groups. Keywords: Hypocalcaemia, Risk prediction,Metabolomics, Genetic markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23680,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of medicine","volume":"41 11 Suppl 1","pages":"S57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN DIABETIC AND NONDIABETIC CORONARY PATIENTS IN CARDIOVASCULAR REHABILITATION IN DAKAR, SENEGAL.","authors":"A A Ngaide, N D Gaye, M M Ka, J S Mingou, U S Ralaizandry, A Kane","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiac rehabilitation is crucial in managing coronary disease, particularly in type 2 diabetes, yet it remains almost non-existent in West Africa.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to compare the profiles of diabetic and non-diabetic coronary patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation at the Principal Hospital of Dakar, Senegal.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A comparative, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted from January 2019 to December 2022 involving two groups of coronary patients (diabetic and nondiabetic) at the rehabilitation centre. Patients who completed at least 10 sessions were included. We analysed sociodemographic, clinical, and paraclinical data before and after rehabilitation, as well as therapeutic adherence. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 18, with a significance level set at 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 199 coronary patients participated, including 75 diabetics and 124 non-diabetics. The average age was 61.6 ± 8.3 years for diabetics and 59.8 ± 12.4 years for non-diabetics, with a male predominance (sex ratio: 2 for diabetics and 3.9 for non-diabetics). In diabetics, the main cardiovascular risk factors were age (80%), hypertension (62.7%), physical inactivity (57.3%), dyslipidaemia (40%), and smoking (33.3%). Cardiac rehabilitation significantly improved clinical symptoms and parameters such as systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and abdominal obesity in diabetic patients. Glycated haemoglobin levels were balanced in 70.4%, an improvement of 40.8%. Rehabilitation had a greater impact on METS improvement and adherence in diabetic patients, along with reduced depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cardiac rehabilitation improves control of cardiovascular risk factors, but its availability and accessibility need improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":23680,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of medicine","volume":"41 11 Suppl 1","pages":"S34-S35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARISON OF ACUTE HAEMORRHAGIC AND ACUTE ISCHAEMIC STROKE IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL AT ABAKALIKI, NIGERIA: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.","authors":"C O Eze, F C Okoro","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stroke is a neurological emergency with high prevalence, especially in developing countries where it assumes an epidemic proportion. It is globally the second most common cause of death after ischemic heart disease, and it is projected to remain so by 2030. It had a global prevalence of 1,300.6 per 100,000 people in 2017.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study compared the socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of acute Haemorrhagic and Ischaemic stroke patients managed over nine years in a private tertiary hospital in Abakaliki, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a Retrospective and comparative Hospital-based study conducted at a tertiary hospital in Abakaliki Nigeria from January 2014 to December 2022. Relevant data were retrieved from the case notes and the sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters of Haemorrhagic stroke victims were compared with that of Ischaemic stroke patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 172 (males- 56.98%, females- 43.02%) patients that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 53 (30.81%) had a Haemorrhagic stroke while 119 (69.19%) had an ischemic stroke. The overall admission mortality rate was 15%, and it was more preponderant among Haemorrhagic stroke victims. Haemorrhagic stroke was statistically associated with admitting hyperglycaemia , anaemia, hypercholesterolemia, neutrophilic leucocytosis, hypernatremia, alteration in consciousness, low educational attainment, and higher mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Haemorrhagic stroke is more prevalent among female folks, and it is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. There is a need for a grassroots stroke awareness campaign amongst the populace to ensure prompt stroke symptom recognition and early presentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23680,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of medicine","volume":"41 11 Suppl 1","pages":"S18-S19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF ELECTRONIC SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE REMINDERS ON MEDICATION ADHERENCE AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN KATSINA STATE: A QUASIEXPERIMENTAL STUDY.","authors":"Lawal Aminu, Suleiman Bello Abdullahi, Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olorukooba, Khadeejah Liman Hamza, Bilkisu Usman, Amir Abdulkadir, Shaimau Kabir Abba, Shamsuddeen Suleiman Yahaya, Nafisa Sani Nass, Lawal Amadu, Zaharaddeen Babandi Shuaibu, Salamatu Belgore, Hadiza Iliyasu, Umar Muhammad Umar, Bashar Muhammad Jibril, Suleiman Saidu Bashir, Adam Ahmad, Fahad Abubakar Saulawa, Muawiyyah Sufiyan Babale, Alhaji Aliyu Abubakar, Abduljalil Umar Abdullahi, Tanko Umar Yakasai, Muktar Ahmed Gadanya, Abubakar Sadeeq Isah","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Globally, hypertension is considered a public health problem affecting over 1.3 billion individuals of which 60% need reminders to take medication to achieve adherence, optimal blood pressure and avert complications. Literature shows electronic short message reminders (eSMS) improved medication adherence.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the effect of e-SMS reminders on medication adherence among hypertensive patients in Katsina State.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quasi-experimental study was employed to determine the effect of e-SMS reminders on medication adherence among 252 control and 252 intervention groups selected using a multistage sampling technique. e-SMS reminders were sent to the intervention group only. Data was collected using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire, and analysed using IBM-SPSS-25, while medication adherence was assessed using the 8-item Modified Morisky Adherence Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The commonest respondents' age group was 40-49 years (23.8%) and Male-Female ratio was 0.8:1 Majority were Hausas (97.6%) by tribe and Muslims (98%). Adherence in the study group was 59.5% and 75.9% (P<0.001) that of the control group was 63.1% and 66% at pre and post-intervention stages respectively. Factors associated with adherence in the intervention group were sex, occupation, insurance coverage, and being in the 4th wealth quintile. e-SMS reminder increased adherence in the intervention groups by >16% (P<0.001) In the control group, males were 3.4 times more likely to adhere to medication than females (aOR 3.4; 95% CI 1.4-8.3) while in the intervention group, business tycoons were 3 times more likely to adhere to medication than other occupations (aOR 3.7; 95% CI 1.006-13.75;).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>e-SMS reminders significantly increased adherence to the intervention. Determinants of adherence were occupation, male sex, insurance coverage, and being in the 4th wealth quintile. It is recommended that the State Hospital Management Board integrate e-SMS reminders as part of hypertension treatment protocols due to their potential to improve medication adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":23680,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of medicine","volume":"41 11 Suppl 1","pages":"S9-S10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AORTIC REFLECTION MAGNITUDE SUGGESTS A BETTER RELATIONSHIP WITH BODY MASS INDEX THAN OBTAINED IN OTHER CONVENTIONAL BLOOD PRESSURE PARAMETERS, IN A GROUP OF HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS.","authors":"A J Bamaiyi, F B Mojiminiyi, B Shuaibu, R A Abubakar, K M Mmopi, E A Morolohun","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although body mass index (BMI) is an important confounder of hypertension and a relationship has been postulated between BMI and blood pressure (BP) in the hypertensive range, the relationship between BMI and central BP remains poorly studied.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine how central BP parameters relate to BMI, in a group of hypertensive patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In ongoing data, 55 hypertensive patients (average age =52.4 years) were evaluated for anthropometries including BMI and skin fold thickness (SFT) by standard methods. Aortic BP was assessed using a well-validated, reproducible, and non-invasive pulse pen to non-metric device that employs a generalized transfer function (GTF) interfaced with a computer. The office BP was also measured by experienced observers. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), was determined for the anthropometries and BP parameters and the results were subsequently compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant correlations recorded for both the SFT and BMI with the peripheral systolic and pulse pressure (PP)), as well as with the aortic systolic BP or PP, the forward pressure wave, (Pf) or the reflected pressure (Pb). However, the reflected component (Pb) of the aortic pressure did, when evaluated independent of the forward pressure wave, (Pf) as reflection magnitude (RM) against the BMI (-0.273, p =.046).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The reflected wave, Pb evaluated independent of the Pf, as RM, of the aortic pulsatile pressures, correlates better than other components with BMI in a group of hypertensive patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23680,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of medicine","volume":"41 11 Suppl 1","pages":"S5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF SEVERITY OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AMONG STEADY STATE HBSS AND HBSC HOMOZYGOUS PATIENTS ATTENDING A TERTIARY HEALTH CARE INSTITUTION IN NORTHERN NIGERIA.","authors":"S M Oguche, O R Obiako","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) among patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) notably HbSS and HbSC are increasingly being recognized due to improved health care a comparative severity of CKD among these subgroups is not known in ABUTH Zaria.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was to assess the severity of kidney function among stable patients with HbSS and HbSC in ABUTH, Zaria.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional descriptive study involving steady state 188 HbSS and 22 HbSC attending Haematology Clinic in ABUTH Zaria. The following parameters were assessed; Blood Pressure, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rates (eGFR), albuminuria, haematuria, pH, and specific gravity. SPSS version 17.0 for Windows was used Categorical data were represented as charts and tables while continuous variables were represented as mean and standard deviation. Relationships were tested using the student t-test and Pearson's Chi-square.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was observed that 188 (89.5%) have HbSS while 22 (10.5%) have HbSC. The eGFR < 60ml/min/1.73m was higher in participants with HbSC compared to participants with HbSS (13.8% vs. 8.0%, x = 8.5, p = 0.056). The prevalence of Albuminuria > 3mg/mmol among participants with HbSC and HbSS were (68.3% vs. 43.7%, x = 4.37, p =0.043). Haematuria in participants with HbSC and HbSS were (41% vs. 16%, x = 8.11, p = 0.004). There was no statistically significant difference in urine specific gravity, pH, and blood pressure among HbSS and HbSC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has shown that patients with HbSC have worse albuminuria and haematuria than those with HbSS.</p>","PeriodicalId":23680,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of medicine","volume":"41 11 Suppl 1","pages":"S45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTEGRATION OF MENTAL HEALTH INTO MANAGEMENT OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN PRIMARY CARE: A PROJECT REPORT.","authors":"Stephen Tetteh Engmann, Prince Ampofo, Christopher Dowrick","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The World Health Organisation's (WHO) 2013-2030 mental health action plan emphasized the complex relationship between mental disorders and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The integration of mental health into the management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is crucial. This is a report of an integrated care project in primary care for the management of patients with hypertension and Type 2 diabetes. This practice quality improvement project was executed in a primary care hospital in Ghana under the World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA) Integrating Care Leadership and Advocacy Programme.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To increase mental health help-seeking among adult patients with hypertension and Type 2 diabetes through service integration.</p><p><strong>Project methods: </strong>The project duration was from September 2023 to April 2024. The project involved screening, providing information about common warning signs for mental health problems through posters, and available health personnel from whom patients can seek help. Adult patients with hypertension and/or Type 2 diabetes were screened using the PHQ-4 tool for anxiety and depression from October 2023 to January 2024 and Health education sessions on mental health were organized for patients once every three months.</p><p><strong>Project outcomes: </strong>The project screened 205 patients from October 2023 to January 2024, of which 39 (19%) were found to have either anxiety or depression and were managed by a collaborative team of professionals through patient-centred approaches. Following management, 36 had resolution of symptoms and three transferred their care to other facilities. The findings underscore the importance of incorporating mental health into care for chronic diseases enhancing access to appropriate interventions through collaborative teams.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Integrating mental health into NCD management is essential for improving patient outcomes. This project demonstrates the necessity of such integration in primary care settings, advocating for policy with detailed guidelines for integrating mental health into NCD care in Ghana.</p>","PeriodicalId":23680,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of medicine","volume":"41 11 Suppl 1","pages":"S44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY IN PATIENTS UNDER 60 YEARS IN A CARDIOLOGY DEPARTMENT: A STUDY OF 73 CASES IN DAKAR, SENEGAL.","authors":"A A Ngaide, N D Gaye, J S Mingou, M D Sene, M Dioum, M B Ndiaye, A Mbaye, A Kane","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In-hospital mortality is a critical indicator of healthcare quality, although most hospital deaths result from unavoidable morbid processes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to examine cardiovascular mortality in working-age patients by analysing epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical characteristics and identifying the key etiological factors associated with mortality.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A descriptive and analytical retrospective study was conducted from September 2019 to August 2022 at the General Hospital Idrissa POUYE in Dakar. The study focused on patients aged 15 to 60 years who were hospitalised and subsequently died in the cardiology department. Bivariate analysis was used, with a p-value ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 73 patients were included, revealing a specific mortality rate of 8.8%. The majority of patients were male (sex ratio 1.2) with an average age of 44. The main cardiovascular risk factors identified were sedentarism (76.7%), hypertension (28.8%), and smoking (21.9%). Physical examinations showed signs of heart failure in 63%, while diagnostic tests revealed anemia (59%) and renal impairment (25%). Echocardiographic findings indicated impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (81%), pulmonary hypertension (78%), and kinetic abnormalities (40%). Cardiogenic shock (45.2%) and septic shock (37%) were the primary immediate causes of death. The analysis revealed significant associations between mortality and factors such as age, socio-economic status, ischaemic heart disease (p=0.034), pulmonary embolism (p=0.034), hypertension (p=0.009), smoking (p=0.011), diabetes (p=0.011), dyslipidaemia, obesity (p=0.001), and COVID-19 infection (p=0.017).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high prevalence of ischaemic heart disease and pulmonary embolism in premature mortality highlights the need for intensified cardiovascular prevention measures. Keywords: Cardiovascular mortality, under 60 years, Dakar, Senegal.</p>","PeriodicalId":23680,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of medicine","volume":"41 11 Suppl 1","pages":"S59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IODINE NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND GOITRE PREVALENCE IN CHILDREN AGED 2 - 14 YEARS IN SELECTED UPLAND AND RIVERINE COMMUNITIES IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA.","authors":"I J Onumaku, I E Yarhere, C Agi, A R Nte","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Iodine deficiency is a common cause of thyroid disease, prompting the World Health Organisation to recommend universal salt iodification. The iodine status of Rivers State is yet to be investigated following the implementation of this strategy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine and compare the iodine nutritional status of children aged 2-14 years resident in selected upland and riverine communities in Rivers State, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional and comparative analysis of the iodine status of 545 children in randomly selected riverine and upland communities of Rivers State was conducted between June to July 2023. The differences in the proportion of (a) children that had above and below the median urinary iodine excretion, (b) thyroid gland volume, and (c) use of iodised salt intake, between the two communities were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 126 (23.1%) children in the study population had moderate to mild iodine deficiency, and 69 (54.8%) of these were in the upland group, while 107 (39.5%) children in riverine area had excess urinary iodine with risk, p = 0.001. In the riverine area, 96.31 % of the children consumed packaged iodised salt in their household as compared to 98.54% in the upland, p = 0.100. No child in the study population had overt goitre but 22% had larger thyroid volumes when compared to the Nigerian ultrasound scan reference.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study shows goitre endemicity in the state, more prevalent in the riverine than the upland regions with the goitres not yet detectable by physical examination but by thyroid ultrasonography.</p>","PeriodicalId":23680,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of medicine","volume":"41 11 Suppl 1","pages":"S27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}