Voprosy virusologii最新文献

{"title":"[Epidemic season 2023-2024: the palette of ARVI pathogens in some territories of the Russian Federation and WHO regions].","authors":"E I Burtseva, N V Breslav, E A Mukasheva, K G Krasnoslobodtsev, E S Kirillova, S V Trushakova, I A Komarova, E L Feodoritova, A D Panova, L B Kisteneva, I N Khlopova, I S Kruzhkova, A S Krepkaia, E O Morozova, A V Ignatieva, A B Komissarov, I N Tyurin, A A Samkov, N A Antipjat","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this work was to determine the characteristics of the circulation of acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) pathogens during the epidemic season of 2023-2024 in the WHO regions and Russian Federation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The article uses virological, immunological, and statistical methods, analytical material from the WHO website, to assess the circulation of ARVI pathogens in the Russian Federation and WHO regions.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The detection rate of positive samples in clinical materials was as follows: influenza viruses - 7.7%, ARVI - 17.1% and SARS-CoV-2 - 6.5%. According to antigenic and molecular genetic properties, the population of the dominant subtype of the influenza A(H3N2) virus was heterogeneous and differed from the vaccine strain. The favorable sensitivity profile of epidemic strains to drugs with antineuraminidase activity (oseltamivir and zanamivir) and cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor (baloxavir marboxil) was preserved. There was a tendency to increase the activity of respiratory pathogens such as HPIV, HAdV, HRsV, HRV, HCoV and HMPV. WHO experts have developed recommendations on the composition of influenza vaccines for the countries of the Northern and the Southern hemispheres with the replacement of the component of the influenza A(H3N2) virus: A/Darwin/9/2021 with A/Thailand/8/2022 and А/Croatia/13601RV/2023 accordingly. Cases of human infection with avian and swine influenza viruses continue to be registered.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Against the background of a relatively low circulation of new SARS-CoV-2 variants in the 2023-2024 season, epidemic activity of influenza viruses was recorded in the countries of the Northern hemisphere at the traditional time. Globally, its onset was associated with the influenza A(H3N2) virus, followed by an increase in the activity of the influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus and influenza B. As in previous seasons, differences in the proportion of influenza viruses in WHO regions, including cities of the Russian Federation, were traced.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"70 3","pages":"234-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145379006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the etiology and severity of respiratory viral infections in children].","authors":"A А Sominina, D M Danilenko, A B Komissarov, A V Fadeev, K S Komissarova, M M Pisareva, T D Musayeva, V A Eder, T P Levanyuk, K A Stolyarov, V Z Krivitskaya, E R Petrova, O I Afanasyeva, V S Timonina, E V Obraztsova, E G Golovacheva, E A Dondurey, E V Lelenkova, O G Kurskaya, A M Shestopalov, D A Lioznov","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the age-related characteristics of the contribution of influenza viruses, RSV, SARS-CoV-2, other pathogens to the development of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in children with an assessment of the disease severity depending on its etiology and epidemic period.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>SARI monitoring was carried out over six consecutive epidemic seasons, starting from 2018-2019 in 9 infectious hospitals of three cities of Russia with an assessment of the disease severity depending on its etiology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among all hospitalized children, the proportion of children hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza from 2018 to 2020 ranged from 25.7% to 44.7%, and for RSV infection from 25.7% to 26.8%. However, during the peak of the pandemic, these rates dropped significantly to 0.3% and 1.7%, respectively. In the subsequent three seasons (2021-2024), laboratory-confirmed influenza among hospitalized children was registered in 4.5-20.2% of cases, while RSV infection was identified in 13.4-24.1% of cases, accompanied by a shift in viral subgroups. RSV infections were most severe during the 2022-2023 season, presenting in some cases with hyperthermia, hypoxia, dyspnea, and altered consciousness. Among hospitalized children, the proportion with COVID-19 was relatively low in 2020-2021 (0.8-2.4%) but increased significantly to 10.6%-13.6% following the emergence of the Omicron variant in 2022, before decreasing again in subsequent years. The main genetic lineages of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in the Russian Federation are presented.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Influenza and RSV viruses were predominant among viral pathogens identified in hospitalized children aged ≤ 2 years. COVID-19 cases among children were relatively rare and generally less severe compared to RSV and rhinovirus infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"70 3","pages":"254-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145379164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Bombali virus (Filoviridae: <i>Orthoebolavirus: Orthoebolavirus bombaliense</i>)].","authors":"T E Sizikova, V N Lebedev, S V Borisevich","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-310","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-310","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Members of genus &lt;i&gt;Orthoebolavirus&lt;/i&gt; of family Filoviridae cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans with high fatality rates (up to 90%). The first outbreaks of disease caused by the members of genus &lt;i&gt;Orthoebolavirus&lt;/i&gt; were registered in 1976 in Zaire and Sudan. The outbreaks of disease caused by the members of genus Orthoebolavirus occur regularly in Africa. The largest outbreak (for all history of monitoring) happened in Guinea, Liberia, Sierra-Leone in 2013-2016. During this outbreak, the cases of disease importation in non-endemic regions were registered. The foci of circulation of the members of genus &lt;i&gt;Orthoebolavirus&lt;/i&gt; (with exception for Reston virus) are situated in moist tropical forests of Central and West Africa. The bats are natural reservoirs for filoviruses, the genomic RNA sequences of the members of genus &lt;i&gt;Orthoebolavirus&lt;/i&gt; were isolated from various bat species &lt;i&gt;(Hypsignathus monstrosus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Epomops franqueti&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Myonycteris tarquata)&lt;/i&gt;. Recently, the new members of Filoviridae family were isolated from several bat species.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims: &lt;/strong&gt;The purpose of the presented article is analysis of the properties of the new member of genus &lt;i&gt;Orthoebolavirus&lt;/i&gt; of family Filoviridae - Bombali virus (&lt;i&gt;Orthoebolavirus bombaliense&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The paper presents analysis of data published in English language scientific publications in citation databases RSCI, PubMed.The research method is analytical. The literature for the period from 2005 to 2023 was analyzed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Bombali virus was first isolated in Guinea in August 2018 from bats&lt;i&gt; Mops condylurus&lt;/i&gt;. When comparing the concentration of the Bombali virus in the organs of infected bats, the highest level of accumulation was detected in the lungs which indirectly indicates the possibility of aerosol infection of&lt;i&gt; Mops condylurus. &lt;/i&gt;Later RNA of Bombali virus was identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in bats &lt;i&gt;Chaerephon pumilus&lt;/i&gt; in Sierra-Leone, but not in other species of fruit-eating and insectivores bats. Nucleotide sequence of genomic RNA of Bombali virus from samples collected in Guinea had 99.3% homology to that from samples collected in Sierra-Leone, and 98.3% homology to that from samples collected in Kenya. Considering that bats&lt;i&gt; Mops condylurus&lt;/i&gt; as many other species of insectivores bats cannot travel long distances, this is indirect evidence for the wide distribution of the Bombali virus on the African continent. Despite the fact that cases of human disease caused by Bombali virus have not been identified to date, glycoprotein of this virus (as glycoprotein of filoviruses pathogenic for humans) has affinity to the C1 receptor of Neumann-Pieck protein of human cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The study of the molecular biological characteristics of the Bombali virus, as well as other recently d","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"70 3","pages":"217-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145378994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Identification of human genes potentially involved in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis C based on multi-network bioinformatics analysis].","authors":"E V Anufrieva, Y V Ostankova, V S Davydenko, A N Schemelev, A A Totolian","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to search for human genes potentially involved in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C by multi-network bioinformatics linkage analysis of proteins involved in the stages of hepatitis C virus (HСV) attachment and entry.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A number of web applications with complementary algorithms and databases were used to analyze genetic and protein-protein networks. The following genes were used as basic genes: <i>CD81</i>,<i> CLDN1</i>,<i> LDLR</i>, <i>OCLN</i>,<i> SCARB1</i>, the products of which are involved in interaction with viral glycoproteins E1 and E2 at the stage of HCV attachment and penetration into the cell. Data analysis was performed, including a two-stage scoring ranking of the identified candidate genes based on their interaction with basic genes and their presence in the results of network analysis of different web resources.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Candidate genes were initially identified using three web resources: HumanNet - 100 candidate genes, GeneMania - 20, STRING - 98. Based on the intersection of the three web resources, the total number of candidate genes associated with basic genes was 170. The total number of genes with a rank higher than 4 points was 35. Candidate genes were grouped into functional sets: cellular barriers and intercellular contacts (17 genes, 48.6%); lipid metabolism and lipoproteins (9 genes, 25.7%); immune response and interaction with the virus (5 genes, 14.3%); signaling pathways, proteolysis and cytoskeleton (4 genes, 11.4%). The following candidate genes potentially involved in the pathogenesis of HCV have been identified: <i>APOA1</i>,<i> CLDN3</i>,<i> APOE</i>,<i> LIPC</i>,<i> LRPAP1</i>,<i> CSNK1E</i>,<i> APOB</i>,<i> CD19</i>,<i> CLDN6</i>,<i> CLDN9</i>,<i> ESAM</i>,<i> F11R</i>,<i> IFITM1</i>,<i> LDLRAP1</i>,<i> PCSK9</i>,<i> TJP1</i>,<i> CD9</i>,<i> CLDN11</i>,<i> CLDN17</i>,<i> CLDN2</i>,<i> CLDN5</i>,<i> IGSF8</i>,<i> MMP2</i>,<i> PDZK1</i>,<i> ADAM10</i>,<i> APOA2</i>,<i> C3</i>,<i> CLDN12</i>,<i> DAB1</i>,<i> GJB1</i>,<i> ITGB1</i>,<i> MYLIP</i>,<i> NEDD4L</i>,<i> PTGFRN.</i> Conclusion. In the future, a detailed study of the functional features and polymorphic variants of the identified genes using bioinformatics and laboratory methods can significantly expand current understanding of the involvement of human genes in the development of HCV infection and discover new targets for the development of drugs and therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"70 3","pages":"267-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145379059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Ultrastructural organization and reproduction of virions in Vero (E6) cells in influenza A/H1N1 pmd09 virus monoinfection and coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 (Delta and Omicron strains)].","authors":"K F Emtsova, E V Spiridonova, V V Omigov, A A Moiseeva, E I Danilenko, O S Taranov","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>RNA-containing viruses, especially influenza viruses, are of high epidemiological significance. The manifestation of COVID-19 has led to the registration of coinfection cases, the pathogenesis of which is poorly studied. The Vero (E6) cell line is widely used to study the morphogenesis of various viruses, including influenza and coronavirus. The aim of the work is to study the ultrastructure of Vero (E6) cells and the reproduction of viral particles during monoinfection with the influenza A virus and coinfection of this virus with two SARS-CoV-2 genovariants in dynamics 6, 18 and 24 hours after inoculation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The Vero (E6) cell line model was used for <i>in vitro</i> study of the viral infection effects and an analysis of the dynamics of changes in the number of intracellular viral particles. The study involved 4 experimental groups: Vero (E6) cells mono-infected with the influenza virus strain A/H1N1 pmd09 at a dose of 0.1 MOI; Vero (E6) cells co-infected with the influenza virus strain A/H1N1 pmd09 and Delta strain of SARS-CoV-2 at a total dose of 0.1 MOI; Vero (E6) cells co-infected with the influenza virus strain A/H1N1 pmd09 and Omicron strain of SARS-CoV-2 at a total dose of 0.1 MOI. In each study group, cells were monitored at time points of 6, 18, and 24 hours.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 6 h, no pathological structures were detected in all groups, except for virus-containing transport vesicles. After 18 h, vacuolization of the ER of varying degree was noted in all the studied groups. After 24 h, ultrastructural changes, namely vacuolization of organelles and/or compaction of the cytoplasm, were encountered in all groups comparatively more frequently than at 6 h and 18 h time points. . The dynamics of the number of viral particles increased significantly by 24 h time point in the monoinfection group. However, none of the coinfection groups demonstrated a tendency for the number of viral particles to change, since no statistically significant differences were found between the 6 h, 18 h, and 24 h stages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results obtained suggested that the interaction between A/H1N1 pmd09 and SARS-CoV-2 viruses contributed to an overall decrease in the formation of new virions in Vero (E6) cells in both cases of coinfection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"70 3","pages":"246-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145378799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of genetic polymorphisms and drug resistance mutations in the NS5 region of HCV genome (Flasuviricetes: Amarillovirales: Flaviviridae: <i>Hepacivirus C</i>) in samples obtained in 2022-2023 from HIV-infected treatment-naive residents of Altai Krai].","authors":"I A Lapovok, A V Syrkina, A A Kirichenko, A V Shlykova, N V Lukyanenko, T V Safyanova, A E Safronova, V V Shevchenko, D E Kireev","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Altai Krai is a region with an unfavorable situation of HIV-1 and HCV infection, as well as HIV-1 and HCV coinfection. Due to this, it is necessary to study the HCV genetic variants and their drug resistance (DR) to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in patients with HIV-1 and HCV coinfection.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>The analysis of HCV genome fragments encoding NS5A and NS5B proteins in samples obtained from treatment-naïve residents of Altai Krai with newly diagnosed HIV and HCV co-infection to determine the genetic variant of HCV and genetic features of the virus associated with its sensitivity to NS5A and NS5B inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Blood plasma samples (<i>n</i> = 286) collected in 2022-2023 from HIV-infected individuals were analyzed for HCV markers. The HCV RNA concentration was measured, nucleotide sequences of NS5A and NS5B and Core (for HCV 2k/1b samples) fragments were obtained, the subtype was determined, and DR and polymorphic positions were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Antibodies to HCV were detected in 94/286 (32.86%) samples, sequences were obtained from 52 samples. Subtypes 3a, 1b, recombinant form 2k/1b and subtype 1a were found in 28 (53.85%), 17 (32.69%), 5 (9.62%) and one (1.92%) samples, respectively. One sample harbored HCV 1b + 3a mix-infection. Reduced sensitivity (5.66%) and complete resistance (9.43%) to the NS5A inhibitor daclatasvir were most often detected. Certain gene polymorphisms were identified in the sequences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results may indirectly indicate the increasing proportion of the HCV subtype 3a in the hepatitis C epidemic in the Altai Territory. Our data on DR and polymorphisms should be taken into account in antiviral therapy of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"70 3","pages":"224-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145379016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Recombinant VP1 protein of norovirus GII.4 (Caliciviridae: <i>Norovirus</i>) is capable to induse the production of cross-reacting antibodies].","authors":"V A Lapin, D V Novikov, A Y Kashnikov, N V Epifanova, N A Novikova, E V Mokhonova, D A Melentev, M I Tsyganova, D E Zaitsev, V V Novikov","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Norovirus (NoV) is one of the main causes of acute gastroenteritis. Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent norovirus infection. Vaccines under development are based on the capsid protein VP1, which is capable of forming virus-like particles. The aim of the work was to analyze the immunogenic properties of the recombinant VP1 protein of NoV GII.4.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In the blood serum of animals immunized with the recombinant VP1 protein obtained by the authors, titers and avidity of total antibodies and IgM antibodies against NoV VP1 were determined using enzyme immunoassay. The ability of the obtained antibodies to interact with NoV of different genotypes was assessed using immunoelectron microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The recombinant VP1 protein induced high titer antibody production in animals. Total antibodies against VP1 had a high avidity, reaching 100%, which suggests that they have viral neutralizing activity. IgM antibodies had low avidity. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that IgG antibodies against VP1 protein of genotype GII.4 interact with wild-type NoV of genotype GII.7 and GII.17.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The obtained recombinant protein induces a sufficiently strong immune response with the formation of high avidity polyclonal cross-reacting antibodies, which allows us to consider it as an antigen component of a NoV vaccine candidate.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"70 3","pages":"282-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145378745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination drug therapy as a strategy to improve the efficacy and safety of treatment of herpes simplex virus infections: potential risks and prospects.","authors":"V L Andronova, G A Galegov","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) are extremely widespread pathogens that cause human infections of varying severity, from mild orofacial ulcerations of the skin and mucous membranes to life-threatening encephalitis and severe generalized forms of infection or recurrent herpetic corneal lesions leading to blindness. Standard treatment with acyclovir, penciclovir, or the corresponding prodrugs valacyclovir and famciclovir is usually sufficient to stop recurrent HSV infections. However, immunocompromised patients are of particular concern and often require long-term antiviral therapy. In such conditions, the risk of developing drug resistance, often cross-resistance increases significantly, since all basic antiherpetic drugs have a similar mechanism of action and affect the same drug target - viral DNA polymerase (DNA-pol). With the development of drug resistance, the effectiveness of treatment decreases, and it becomes necessary to switch to second-line drugs with severe side effects. Thus, it is necessary to develop new alternative treatment options. The creation of drugs aimed at a biotarget different from DNA-pol eliminates the risk of cross-resistance to acyclovir and related drugs, and their use in combination with traditional antiherpetic drugs can prevent or slow down the development of drug resistance in the virus. When combining drugs that affect the pathogen in different ways, it is important to maintain the therapeutic effect with the use of lower doses due to the synergistic nature of the interaction, which reduces the likelihood of developing unwanted side effects of drugs. The review presents current data on the state and possible prospects for the development of combination therapy for HSV infections, obtained as a result of searching the literature related to anti-herpetical therapy using the PubMed, Medline databases, RSCI, the international registry of clinical trials of the US National Institutes of Health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"70 3","pages":"205-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145378836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Genetic diversity of Vif protein in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants (Retroviridae: <i>Orthoretrovirinae: Lentivirus: Human immunodeficiency virus-1</i>) that circulated in the Moscow region in 2019-2020].","authors":"A A Antonova, L A Protasova, K V Kim, I M Munchak, E N Mezhenskaya, E A Orlova-Morozova, A Y Pronin, A G Prilipov, A I Kuznetsova","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Vif protein counteracts cellular deaminases, APOBEC3, which prevent viral replication. Vif is used for development of therapeutic agents. Natural polymorphisms in Vif can affect its functionality and may be associated with accelerated progression of HIV-infection to the AIDS. The study of Vif features in HIV-1 variants circulating in Russia has not been conducted previously.</p><p><strong>The aim of the study: </strong>to study the genetic diversity of Vif in the HIV-1 variants that circulated in the Moscow region in 2019-2020.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>234 whole blood samples obtained from HIV-infected patients without experience of therapy were analyzed. The study design included the following stages: extraction of proviral DNA, amplification of the <i>vif </i>gene, sequencing, identification of genetic variants, followed by a study of consensus sequences of the most common genetic variants of HIV-1, analysis of the conservation and genetic diversity of Vif-A6 (Vif protein of HIV-1 sub-subtype A6 variants) in patients with different stages of the disease, and assessment of genetic diversity of Vif-A6 in the Moscow region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A high degree of genetic diversity of <i>vif</i> gene was revealed. Consensus sequences of Vif in B and CRF63_02A6 variants were obtained for the first time. Characteristic substitutions in the consensus sequences were determined for the most common HIV-1 variants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The limitation of this study is the small sample of B and CRF63_02A6. The results obtained may be of interest and may be taken into account in the development of therapeutic agents based on the Vif protein, as well as in the study of the pathogenicity of HIV-1 sub-subtype A6.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"70 2","pages":"117-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145379033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The results of the detection of specific IgG antibodies to Ebola virus (Filoviridae: <i>Orthoebolavirus</i>) in residents of the Republic of Guinea after the end of the epidemic].","authors":"E V Naidenova, M Y Kartashov, I S Shulgina, S A Pyankov, M A Kulagin, M B Bah, I Nourdine, M N'Fally, V Konomou, M S Traore, S Boumbaly, V V Kutyrev","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In 2014-2016, an epidemic of Ebola virus disease (EVD) was registered in Guinea. In 2021, EVD cases were repeated in the region. The importance of studying the duration of post-infection immunity to the Ebola virus in the body of convalescents is due to the fact that after the end of the epidemic they can be the main sources of infection. One of the indicators of the pathogen circulation in a certain area is the detection of specific IgG antibodies in the blood sera of the inhabitants. The aim of the study is to identify IgG immunoglobulins to Ebola virus in the blood sera of reconvalescents and practically healthy residents of the Republic of Guinea after the end of the epidemic.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The ELISA method was used to test the blood sera of 9 patients treated at the NKDCEM hospital (Kindia), collected after the end of the disease and up to 72 months after recovery, and 3939 blood serum samples from practically healthy residents of Guinea.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IgG antibodies in the blood sera of reconvalescents a month after recovery were detected in a titer of up to 1 : 800. By 12 months, the antibody level decreased to 1 : 100 and remained at this level for up to 48 months. After 6 years of observation, no antibodies were registered. Among the 3939 blood samples from healthy residents, IgG immunoglobulins to the Ebola virus were detected in 5.6%. Most of the positive samples were collected in Forest Guinea (7.7%), and a smaller part in Upper Guinea (4.5%). The maximum percentage of positive samples was detected in people over 70 years of age (12.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our case, it was shown that a high level of post-infection immunity in the blood sera of patients with EVD persists for the first 6 months, this corresponds to the data obtained by other authors, and does not exclude the possibility of re-infection. The highest level of the seroprevalence is registered in Forest Guinea. This indicates the active circulation of the pathogen and the constant contact of the inhabitants of the region with it, which leads to epidemiological complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"70 2","pages":"154-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145379082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}