Voprosy virusologii最新文献

{"title":"Cellular proteins as potential targets for antiretroviral therapy.","authors":"M R Bobkova","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-207","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The review article conducts an in-depth analysis of information gleaned from a comprehensive literature search across Scopus, Web of Science, and MedLine databases. The focal point of this search revolves around the identification and exploration of the mechanisms orchestrated by host cell factors in the replication cycle of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1, Retroviridae: <i>Orthoretrovirinae:</i> <i>Lentivirus:</i> <i>Human immunodeficiency virus-1</i>). The article delves into two primary categories of proteins, namely HIV dependence factors (such as CypA, LEDGF, TSG101) and restriction factors (including SERINС5, TRIM5α, APOBEC3G), providing illustrative examples. The current understanding of the functioning mechanisms of these proteins is elucidated, and an evaluation is presented on the potential development of drugs for treating HIV infection. These drugs aim to either inhibit or stimulate the activity of host factors, offering insights into promising avenues for future research and therapeutic advancements.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"68 6","pages":"488-504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clinical symptoms and signs in hamsters during experimental infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus (Coronaviridae: <i>Betacoronavirus</i>)].","authors":"M S Tuyskanova, K D Zhugunissov, M Ozaslan, B S Myrzakhmetova, L B Kutumbetov","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-202","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>At the beginning of December 2019, humanity has faced a new problem caused by coronavirus. In Hubei province of central China, epidemic events associated with severe primary viral pneumonia in humans began to develop. The isolated etiological agent was identified as a representative of <i>Coronaviridae </i>family. The global pandemic associated with the new coronavirus infection, acute respiratory syndrome type 2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome 2, SARS-CoV-2), has become a challenge for humanity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In our work, we assessed the replicative ability and pathogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in hamsters.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Syrian hamsters (<i>n</i>=16) randomly divided into two groups were used in experiment. The first group was infected intranasally with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, strain SARS-CoV-2/human/KAZ/KZ_Almaty/2020 deposited in GenBank under number MZ379258.1. The second group remained as a control group. Clinical manifestations of the disease in hamsters were observed within 14 days. Samples were collected on days 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 14 postinfection. The obtained samples were tested for viral isolation in cell culture, histological examination and analysis of viral RNA by RT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 virus isolates showed efficient replication in the lungs of hamsters, causing pathological lung lesions in animals infected intranasally. Clinical manifestations of the disease in hamsters infected with this virus were characterized by a decrease in temperature and body weight, wetness and ruffled fur, and frequent stroking of the nasal planum. High virus titers were observed following the virus isolation in cell cultures from nasal, oral swabs and lungs of animals infected intranasally. Pathological autopsy demonstrated pathological changes in the lungs. Moreover, transmission by airborne droplets has been established when a healthy hamster was kept together with animals infected using the intranasal method.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, our study showed that the Syrian hamster model is a useful tool for studying the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, as well as testing vaccine candidates against acute respiratory syndrome type 2.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"68 6","pages":"513-525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bastroviruses (<i>Astroviridae</i>): genetic diversity and potential impact on human and animal health.","authors":"G V Roev, N I Borisova, N V Chistyakova, A V Vyhodtseva, V G Akimkin, K F Khafizov","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-192","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bastroviruses were discovered in the Netherlands in 2016 in human stool samples and show partial genetic similarities to astroviruses and hepatitis E viruses. Their association with disease onset has not yet been established.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples of <i>Nyctalus noctula</i> bats collected in the Russian Federation in 2023 was performed. Two almost complete genomes of bastroviruses were assembled. The zoonotic potential of these viruses was assessed using machine learning methods, their recombination was studied, and phylogenetic trees were constructed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A nearly complete bastrovirus genome was de novo assembled in one of the samples, and it was used to assemble another genome in another sample. The zoonotic potential of the virus from one of these samples was estimated as high. The existence of recombination between structural and non-structural polyproteins was demonstrated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Two bastrovirus genomes were assembled, phylogenetic and recombination analyses were performed, and the zoonotic potential was evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"68 6","pages":"505-512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of cold-adapted influenza virus (Orthomyxoviridae: <i>Alphainfluenzavirus</i>) polymerase activity by the minigenome method with a fluorescent protein.","authors":"P A Ivanov, A V Lyashko, V Y Kost, N F Lomakina, A A Rtishchev, N I Bunkova, T A Timofeeva, M A Balanova, S A Ionov, D V Gorikov, S G Markushin","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-203","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Polymerase proteins PB1 and PB2 determine the cold-adapted phenotype of the influenza virus A/Krasnodar/101/35/59 (H2N2), as was shown earlier.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The development of the reporter construct to determine the activity of viral polymerase at 33 and 37 °C using the minigenome method.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Co-transfection of Cos-1 cells with pHW2000 plasmids expressing viral polymerase proteins PB1, PB2, PA, NP (minigenome) and reporter construct.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on segment 8, two reporter constructs were created that contain a direct or inverted NS1-GFP-NS2 sequence for the expression of NS2 and NS1 proteins translationally fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP), which allowed the evaluation the transcriptional and/or replicative activity of viral polymerase.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Polymerase of virus A/Krasnodar/101/35/59 (H2N2) has higher replicative and transcriptional activity at 33 °C than at 37 °C. Its transcriptional activity is more temperature-dependent than its replicative activity. The replicative and transcriptional activity of polymerase A/Puerto Rico/8/34 virus (H1N1, Mount Sinai variant) have no significant differences and do not depend on temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"68 6","pages":"526-535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Besednova Natalia Nikolaevna (02.02.1935 - 23.09.2023).","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after. G.P. Somova of Rospotrebnadzor regrets to announce that on September 23, 2023, at the age of 89, Natalia Nikolaevna Besednova, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, laureate of the USSR State Prize, outstanding scientist, brilliant organizer, excellent teacher and wonderful person.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"68 5","pages":"455-456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the 90th anniversary of the birth of Nikolai Veniaminovich Kaverin.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>October 11, 2023 marked the 90th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding Russian virologist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Nikolai Veniaminovich Kaverin. N.V. Kaverin was born in Leningrad into the famous literary family of Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin and Lydia Nikolaevna Tynyanova. In 1951 he graduated from school with a gold medal and entered the 1st Moscow Medical Institute named after. THEM. Sechenov. During his senior years, Kaverin already worked at the Research Institute of Virology named after. DI. Ivanovsky RAMS, and in 1960, upon completion of graduate school, defended his Ph.D. thesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"68 5","pages":"454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A decade genetic diversity in Circulating influenza B virus in Iran (2010–2019): Divergence from WHO-recommended vaccine strains","authors":"Amir Emami, Neda Pirbonyeh, Afagh Moattari, Fatemeh Javanmardi","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-180","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Data on the disease burden and circulation patterns of influenza B virus lineages for Iran are limited.&#x0D; Objective. This review aims to describe the pattern of influenza B occurrence in Iran, comparing it with the proposed vaccine strains and determining the match and mismatch with the prescribed vaccine annually.&#x0D; Methods. Various sources were used to retrieve information of the data; such as information from an online search of databases such as FluNet, GISAID, and NCBI. After extracting protein sequence records in GISAID, sequence alignment with vaccine strain and construction of a phylogenetic tree were performed. Subsequently, categories of the registered circulating strains were evaluated for matching with the vaccine strains.&#x0D; Results. Of the total registered influenza-positive samples, 20.21% were related to influenza B virus. The phylogenic tree was designed based on 43 samples registered in the GISAID database; 76.74 and 23.25% sequences were of Yamagata and Victoria lineages, respectively. The most prevalent influenza B virus strains circulating during the study years belonged to the Yamagata lineage. In general, the match of the influenza B virus predominant circulating strains with administrated vaccines was observed in Iran. However, a high level of mismatch between the vaccine strain and Iranian isolates was identified in 2016‒2017.&#x0D; Conclusion. The review of match and mismatch in influenza vaccine in order to improve the composition of the prescribed vaccine in each region is very important because the vaccine efficacy decreased when the strain included in vaccine did not match the circulating epidemic strain.","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135432560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of polymorphic variants of hemostatic system genes with the course of COVID-19","authors":"Lyudmila I. Nikolaeva, Maya D. Stuchinskaya, Anna V. Dedova, Shevchenko G. Nadezhda, Irina N. Khlopova, Irina S. Kruzhkova, Lilya N. Merkulova, Lidya B. Kisteneva, Lyudmila V. Kolobukhina, Evgenya A. Mukasheva, Kirill G. Krasnoslobodtsev, Svetlana V. Trushakova, Anastasia S. Krepkaya, Victor V. Kuprianov, Natalia A. Nikitenko, Elizaveta A. Khadorich, Egor M. Burmistrov, Igor N. Tyurin, Natalia A. Antipyat, Elena I. Burtseva","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-197","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. COVID-19 is characterized by a varied clinical course.&#x0D; The aim of the work was to identify associations of SNPs of hemostatic system genes with COVID-19.&#x0D; Materials and methods. DNA was isolated from patients (n=117) and healthy participants (n=104). All infected patients were divided into 3 groups, depending on disease severity assessment, which was appreciated by NEWS2. Another group consisted of participants, who had asymptomatic infection in the past. Determination of SNPs of the genes FGB (-455 G/A), FII (20210 G/A), FV (1691 G/A), FVII (10976 G/A), FXIIIA1 (103 G/T), ITGA2 (807 C/T), ITGB3 (1565 T/C), SERPINE1 (-675 5G/4G) were performed by PCR using the Genetics of Hemostasis kit (DNA-Technology, Russia).&#x0D; Results. In analyzed SNPs, no significant differences were detected between the group of infected patients and healthy participants. But significant association was revealed in gene SERPINE1 (-675 5G/4G), when patient groups, differing in the disease severity, were analyzed relative to the group of participants with asymptomatic infection (p=0.0381; p=0 .0066; p=0.0009). It was found, that as COVID-19 severity scores increased, the proportion of 5G allele of gene SERPINE1 decreased, and the proportion of the 4G allele increased (p=0.005; p=0.009; p=0.0005). Similar processes were observed for genotypes 5G/5G and 4G/4G.&#x0D; Discussion. The gene SERPINE1 (-675 5G/4G) is associated with the severity of COVID-19.&#x0D; Conclusion. For the first time, it was discovered that 5G/5G genotype of gene SERPINE1 (-675 5G/4G) can be a marker of a milder course of COVID-19, and the 4G/4G genotype as a more severe one.","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"7 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135432941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the encephalomyocarditis virus type 1 proteins L and 2A in the inhibition of the synthesis of cellular proteins and the accumulation of viral proteins during infection","authors":"Yury Yu. Ivin, Anna A. Butusova, Ekaterina E. Gladneva, Galina Ya. Kolomijtseva, Yusuf K. Khapchaev, Aydar A. Ishmukhametov","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-195","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Infection of cells with encephalomyocarditis virus type 1 (EMCV-1, Cardiovirus A: Picornaviridae) is accompanied by suppression of cellular protein synthesis. The main role in the inhibition of cellular translation is assigned to the L and 2A security proteins. The mechanism of the possible influence of the L protein on cellular translation is unknown. There are hypotheses about the mechanism of influence of 2A protein on the efficiency of cap-dependent translation, which are based on interaction with translation factors and ribosome subunits. However, the available experimental data are contradictory, obtained using different approaches, and do not form a unified model of the interaction between the L and 2A proteins and the cellular translation machinery.&#x0D; Aim. To study the role of L and 2A security proteins in the suppression of translation of cellular proteins and the efficiency of translation and processing of viral proteins in infected cells.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Mutant variants of EMCV-1 were obtained to study the properties of L and 2A viral proteins: Zfmut, which has a defective L; 2A encoding a partially deleted 2A; Zfmut2A containing mutations in both proteins. Translational processes in infected cells were studied by Western-blot and the pulse method of incorporating radioactively labeled amino acids (14C) into newly synthesized proteins, followed by radioautography.&#x0D; Results. The functional inactivation of the 2A protein does not affect the inhibition of cellular protein synthesis. A direct correlation was found between the presence of active L protein and specific inactivation of cellular protein synthesis at an early stage of viral infection. Nonspecific suppression of the translational processes of the infected cell, accompanied by phosphorylation of eIF2, occurs at the late stage of infection. Partial removal of the 2A protein from the EMCV-1 genome does not affect the development of this process, while inactivation of the L protein accelerates the onset of complete inhibition of protein synthesis. Partial deletion of the 2A disrupts the processing of viral capsid proteins. Suppression of L protein functions leads to a decrease in the efficiency of viral translation.&#x0D; Conclusion. A study of the role of EMCV-1 L and 2A proteins during the translational processes of an infected cell, first performed using infectious viral pathogens lacking active L and 2A proteins in one experiment, showed that 2A protein is not implicated in the inhibition of cellular translation in HeLa cells; L protein seems to play an important role not only in the specific inhibition of cellular translation but also in maintaining the efficient synthesis of viral proteins; 2A protein is involved not only in primary but also in secondary processing of EMCV-1 capsid proteins.","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"90 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135432421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Release of the book «History of Arbovirology: Memories from the Field».","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"68 5","pages":"457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}