Viral immunology最新文献

Utilization of Similar Epitopes to Develop Viral Vaccines that Produce Lifelong Immunity. 利用相似表位开发终身免疫的病毒疫苗。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Viral immunology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/08828245261474283

Xin-Yue Yang, Yu-Fan Fu, Lin-Bei Xie, Zhong-Wei Zhang, Shu Yuan

{"title":"Utilization of Similar Epitopes to Develop Viral Vaccines that Produce Lifelong Immunity.","authors":"Xin-Yue Yang, Yu-Fan Fu, Lin-Bei Xie, Zhong-Wei Zhang, Shu Yuan","doi":"10.1177/08828245261474283","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08828245261474283","url":null,"abstract":"The half-life (HL) of specific antibodies produced by the human body against various viruses varies from about 4 months to 11,000 years. Due to their short half-lives, multiple-dose vaccinations and annual revaccination are usually required for most viruses, which cause a large economic burden, especially in developing countries with limited storage of vaccines. Protein assemblies with a high degree of repetitiveness and organization are known to induce strong and long-lasting immune responses. However, the detailed quantitative law is still unknown. Through epitope analysis of representative viruses, we found that the longevity of immunological memory may be correlated with the number of epitopes with similar sequences (EWSS). Accordingly, a vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with 4.5-times higher antibody titers and over 100 months of HL was developed in a rabbit model. The decay pattern of antibodies against each epitope or the entire SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was roughly correlated with the number of EWSS in immunization treatments, that is, for every additional EWSS, the HL of the antibody would be doubled. This study also discusses improvement measures for vaccines against other viruses.","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":" ","pages":"313-317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148621477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Causal Impact of Blood Cell Traits on the Risk of Herpes Zoster: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study Based on Exogenous Stimulation Data. 血细胞特征对带状疱疹风险的因果影响：基于外源性刺激数据的两样本孟德尔随机研究。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Viral immunology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/08828245261474272

Dongxiao Li, Junhong Gan, Lin Xiao, Hongli Teng, Shihai Xiao, Ben Liu, Kun Chen, Longpu Deng

{"title":"Causal Impact of Blood Cell Traits on the Risk of Herpes Zoster: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study Based on Exogenous Stimulation Data.","authors":"Dongxiao Li, Junhong Gan, Lin Xiao, Hongli Teng, Shihai Xiao, Ben Liu, Kun Chen, Longpu Deng","doi":"10.1177/08828245261474272","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08828245261474272","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Herpes zoster (HZ) is a common neurotropic infectious disease caused by the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), primarily triggered by declining host immune function. While circulating immune cells play key roles in antiviral defense, the causal contributions of distinct blood cell functional phenotypes to HZ risk remain unclear.Objective:To investigate potential causal associations between genetically predicted blood cell functional traits under ex vivo stimulation and the risk of HZ using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) framework.Methods:We employed genome-wide association analysis summary statistics of 91 stimulation-induced blood cell traits published in 2024 as exposures, and HZ outcome data from the FinnGen R12 release (7,132 cases and 480,316 controls). The inverse variance weighted method was used for primary causal inference, complemented by alternative MR approaches and sensitivity analyses to assess robustness. No formal multiple testing correction was applied due to a single significant result.Results:Among 85 eligible traits, the forward scatter standard deviation (FSC-SD) of red blood cells under nigericin stimulation was significantly associated with increased HZ risk (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.06-1.20, p = 1.02 × 10-4). No other traits reached nominal significance. Sensitivity analyses revealed no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity.Conclusion:This study provides novel genetic evidence that nigericin-induced red blood cell membrane stress responses, operating through NLRP3-dependent inflammatory cascades, are causally linked to VZV reactivation susceptibility. The nigericin-stimulated red blood cells FSC-SD phenotype may serve as a functional biomarker for viral reactivation risk stratification and individualized immune monitoring.","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":" ","pages":"305-312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148621561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative Analysis of Nucleocapsid- and Spike-Specific Isotype Humoral Immune Responses Following Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination with Sinopharm, Sinovac, and AstraZeneca. 自然感染SARS-CoV-2及接种国药、科兴和阿斯利康后核衣壳和尖刺特异性同型体液免疫反应的比较分析

IF 1.5 4区医学

Viral immunology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/08828245261474281

Mohamed Hassan Nasraa, Dina Nadeem Abd-Elshafy, Rola Nadeem, Said Shalaby, Khaled Amer, Wael Ali Hassan, Ahmed Hamdy Bader, Hasnaa A Elshehaby, Mahmoud Mohamed Bahgat

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Nucleocapsid- and Spike-Specific Isotype Humoral Immune Responses Following Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination with Sinopharm, Sinovac, and AstraZeneca.","authors":"Mohamed Hassan Nasraa, Dina Nadeem Abd-Elshafy, Rola Nadeem, Said Shalaby, Khaled Amer, Wael Ali Hassan, Ahmed Hamdy Bader, Hasnaa A Elshehaby, Mahmoud Mohamed Bahgat","doi":"10.1177/08828245261474281","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08828245261474281","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine platforms and widespread natural exposure have created a complex landscape of humoral immunity requiring detailed characterization. Here, we compare nucleocapsid (N)- and spike (S)-specific antibody responses in sera from infected humans (IH) during the first pandemic wave (April-August 2020) and in vaccine recipients (Sinopharm, Sinovac, or AstraZeneca) using commercial ELISA kits. Among naturally IH, the IgG-positivity rate was higher for N (80.9%) than S (42.8%), with significantly elevated N-specific IgG levels compared to prepandemic controls (p-value <0.05), while IgM responses showed no significant differences. Strong positive correlations were observed between S- and N-specific antibody responses, particularly for IgG and its subclasses. Vaccinated cohorts exhibited high IgG positivity rate (83-100%) against both antigens with low IgM levels, and overall IgG and subclass responses were significantly elevated relative to pre-pandemic controls (p-value <0.05), with consistently strong inter-antigen correlations across groups. Overall, natural infection induces a coordinated humoral response biased toward the nucleocapsid antigen, supporting its utility as a marker of recent infection, whereas vaccination elicits a robust multi-subclass antibody response with platform-dependent differences in antigen recognition and subclass distribution.","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":" ","pages":"293-304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148685948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Increased Neutrophil CD64 and HLA-DR Expression in Severe COVID-19: A Case-Control Flow Cytometry Study. 重症COVID-19患者中性粒细胞CD64和HLA-DR表达增加：病例对照流式细胞术研究

IF 1.5 4区医学

Viral immunology Pub Date : 2026-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/08828245261493338

Abdulelah Aljuaid, Mamdouh Allahyani, Abdullah Izmirly, Ahmad M Alharbi, Khalid Jambi, Mazen Almehmadi

{"title":"Increased Neutrophil CD64 and HLA-DR Expression in Severe COVID-19: A Case-Control Flow Cytometry Study.","authors":"Abdulelah Aljuaid, Mamdouh Allahyani, Abdullah Izmirly, Ahmad M Alharbi, Khalid Jambi, Mazen Almehmadi","doi":"10.1177/08828245261493338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08828245261493338","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:COVID-19 presents with various symptoms, including fever, dyspnea, and respiratory failure. Understanding its pathogenesis is crucial, particularly the role of early immune responders such as neutrophils.Objectives:The study aimed to investigate neutrophil phenotypes and activation in patients with severe COVID-19, focusing on the expression of key activation markers and their potential role in disease severity.Methods:A case-control study was conducted in Makkah City involving 88 participants. The study group consisted of 48 PCR-confirmed severe COVID-19 patients with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and proinflammatory cytokine levels, and the control group included 40 healthy individuals. EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood samples were collected from all participants. Neutrophil counts were obtained, and flow cytometry was performed to assess the expression of activation markers CD64 and HLA-DR on neutrophils.Results:Severe COVID-19 patients exhibited significantly elevated neutrophil counts compared to healthy controls. Flow cytometric analysis revealed significantly increased CD64 and HLA-DR mean fluorescence intensity on neutrophils from patients with severe COVID-19 compared with healthy controls, indicating a heightened state of neutrophil activation.Conclusion:Severe COVID-19 was associated with increased neutrophil activation, reflected by elevated CD64 and HLA-DR expression. These findings support the potential value of neutrophil immunophenotyping in characterizing innate immune dysregulation during severe COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":" ","pages":"8828245261493338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic Variants of NRAMP1 and Hepcidin (HAMP) in Cancer Patients Infected with Human Herpesvirus-6. 人类疱疹病毒-6感染癌症患者NRAMP1和Hepcidin （HAMP）的遗传变异

IF 1.5 4区医学

Viral immunology Pub Date : 2026-09-17 DOI: 10.1177/08828245261487718

Nadia Habeeb Sarhan, Saif Jabbar Yasir, Radhouane Gdoura

{"title":"Genetic Variants of NRAMP1 and Hepcidin (HAMP) in Cancer Patients Infected with Human Herpesvirus-6.","authors":"Nadia Habeeb Sarhan, Saif Jabbar Yasir, Radhouane Gdoura","doi":"10.1177/08828245261487718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08828245261487718","url":null,"abstract":"Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is involved in immune modulation and contributes to cancer development through interactions with host genetic factors. Hepcidin (HAMP) and NRAMP1 genes play essential roles in iron metabolism and innate immunity, yet their polymorphisms remain poorly investigated in HHV-6-associated cancers. This study investigated the association between HAMP and NRAMP1 gene polymorphisms and HHV-6 infection in 40 confirmed HHV-6-positive cancer patients compared with 40 non-cancer, HHV-6-negative controls. Genomic DNA was extracted and verified by agarose gel electrophoresis. Hepcidin polymorphisms were analyzed using Tetra-ARMS PCR, while NRAMP1 (3'UTR) polymorphism was detected by PCR-RFLP. Cancer patients exhibited wild-type, mutant, and heterozygous hepcidin genotypes, whereas controls predominantly showed the wild-type genotype. Although allele frequency analysis revealed no statistically significant difference for the G and TG+ alleles between groups (p = 0.23), the hepcidin A allele (521 bp) was more frequent among cancer patients, suggesting a possible association with increased cancer susceptibility (odds ratio = 2.111). For NRAMP1, three genotypic patterns were identified (TG-/TG-, TG+/TG+, and TG-/TG+), and while no significant between-group difference was detected (p = 0.23), the TG+ allele demonstrated a potential two-fold increased cancer risk among carriers. These findings suggest that specific allelic variants-particularly the hepcidin A allele and NRAMP1 TG+ allele-may contribute to cancer susceptibility in HHV-6-infected individuals, highlighting a possible genetic-viral interaction that influences immune and iron-regulatory pathways in cancer development.","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":" ","pages":"8828245261487718"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immunoinformatics-Driven Design of a Multiepitope Vaccine for Rustrela Virus-Induced Neurological Diseases: A New Frontier in Encephalitis and Meningoencephalitis Prevention. 免疫信息学驱动的牛瘟病毒诱导神经系统疾病多表位疫苗设计：脑炎和脑膜脑炎预防的新前沿。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Viral immunology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-29 DOI: 10.1177/08828245261462267

Saeeda Tariq, Saad Bhutta, Muhammad Awais, Ayesha Shahbaz, Misbah Saleem, Humera Naveed, Fernando B Zanchi, Asma Ali Khan, Samia Afzal

{"title":"Immunoinformatics-Driven Design of a Multiepitope Vaccine for Rustrela Virus-Induced Neurological Diseases: A New Frontier in Encephalitis and Meningoencephalitis Prevention.","authors":"Saeeda Tariq, Saad Bhutta, Muhammad Awais, Ayesha Shahbaz, Misbah Saleem, Humera Naveed, Fernando B Zanchi, Asma Ali Khan, Samia Afzal","doi":"10.1177/08828245261462267","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08828245261462267","url":null,"abstract":"Rustrela virus (Rubivirus strelense) is a single-stranded, non-segmented RNA virus that causes brain diseases in animals, especially encephalitis and meningoencephalitis. Its rapidly mutating RNA genome complicates control, making a vaccine imperative. Immunoinformatics approaches were employed to make the polyepitope vaccine (PEV) for RuV control. Epitopes for cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), helper T lymphocytes (HTL), and B cells were made from most immunogenic parts i.e., E1, E2, and capsid structural proteins of RuV. Epitopes that were antigenic, not allergic, IFN simulators, and not toxic were selected. This led to the selection of 6 CTL, 6 HTL, and 13 B cell epitopes, which were then used to construct the PEV with appropriate linkers and CTB as an adjuvant for immunological modulation. The physiochemical analyses demonstrated that the PEV was safe, stable, hydrophilic, and soluble. The secondary structure prediction has indicated mostly coiled and alpha helix in the PEV. The 3D scans revealed a solid and stable structure. The interactions and stability between the vaccine, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 were revealed by molecular docking. The vaccine candidate's minimal deformability and high stability were verified by molecular dynamics modeling. The developed PEV vaccine demonstrated a strong immunological response in in silico immune simulation. RuV-PEV is predicted to be efficiently produced in E. coli following in silico codon optimization and vector cloning. It elicited strong antigen-specific humoral and cellular responses, indicating promise as a Rustrela virus vaccine. Its precise effectiveness, safety, and immunogenicity profile may be confirmed by further experimental validations.","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":" ","pages":"264-280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148346455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Molecular Alterations in the Airway Epithelial Cells of Children with Wheezing Infected by Respiratory Syncytial Virus. 单细胞转录组学分析揭示呼吸道合胞病毒感染儿童喘息气道上皮细胞的分子改变

IF 1.5 4区医学

Viral immunology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-24 DOI: 10.1177/08828245261461649

Zhengbo Wei, Lifang Wang, XingHai Ding, Chengzhong Wang, Sheng Li

{"title":"Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Molecular Alterations in the Airway Epithelial Cells of Children with Wheezing Infected by Respiratory Syncytial Virus.","authors":"Zhengbo Wei, Lifang Wang, XingHai Ding, Chengzhong Wang, Sheng Li","doi":"10.1177/08828245261461649","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08828245261461649","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to explore the molecular alterations in airway epithelial cells in children with wheezing infected by respiratory syncytial virus (WheezeRSV). This study extracted the single-cell sequencing data of two control and wheezeRSV samples from GSE286262 dataset. The monocle2 was performed for analyzing evolution process of basal cells along disease progression. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes and gene ontology were carried out to identify the function enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WheezeRSV and control groups. Additionally, human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) were harvested, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to detect the expression levels of key genes. Six cell types including ciliated cells, KRT5 + basal cells, TP63 + basal cells, KRT80 + epithelial cells, goblet cells, and club cells. The differentiation trajectory analysis on basal cells indicated two distinct branches including ciliary assembly and keratinization. Then, function analysis indicated that ciliated cells were involved in leukocyte transendothelial migration, cellular senescence and angiogenesis. Goblet cells were associated with IL-17 signaling pathway, apoptosis, and ferroptosis, and club cells were enriched in the apoptotic process and innate immune response. The qRT-PCR results revealed that the mRNA expression levels of TEKT2, SPRR3, ITGB1, CDKN1A, ACSL1, and CXCL8 were markedly upregulated in the WheezeRSV group (p < 0.01). Basal cells differentiated into keratinocytes and ciliated cells as the disease progresses, thereby enhancing defense and repairing the epithelial barrier. Meanwhile, wheezeRSV enhanced the activity of apoptosis and inflammatory response of ciliated cells, goblet cells, and club cells.","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":" ","pages":"245-256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148309631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Screening and Characterization of Nanobody Against the Emerging Dairy Cattle H5N1 Influenza Virus. 抗新出现的奶牛H5N1流感病毒纳米体的筛选和鉴定。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Viral immunology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-29 DOI: 10.1177/08828245261462266

Fang Li, Jingjing Chen, Jiangrun Zhu, Yunxiang Zheng, Zeen Huang, Mingsheng Qu

{"title":"Screening and Characterization of Nanobody Against the Emerging Dairy Cattle H5N1 Influenza Virus.","authors":"Fang Li, Jingjing Chen, Jiangrun Zhu, Yunxiang Zheng, Zeen Huang, Mingsheng Qu","doi":"10.1177/08828245261462266","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08828245261462266","url":null,"abstract":"Background:The ongoing spillover of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus into mammalian species, including recent outbreaks in dairy cattle, underscores an urgent need for broadly effective therapeutics. Nanobody, the variable domain of heavy chain-only antibody, offers unique advantages for viral neutralization due to its small size, stability, and accessibility to cryptic epitopes.Methods:In this study, we isolated a human nanobody, nAb35, targeting the hemagglutinin of the dairy cattle H5N1 virus A/Texas/37/2024 (clade 2.3.4.4b) via phage display of a human nanobody library. After three rounds of panning against the recombinant H5 ectodomain, a dominant clone (nAb35) was highly enriched. Then nAb35 was fused with a human IgG1 Fc fragment and expressed as a bivalent dimer.Results:Biochemical characterization demonstrated that nAb35 specifically binds to H5 under both denaturing and native conditions and recognizes a linear epitope accessible on H5 expressed on the cell surface. In vitro neutralization assays using H5 pseudovirus showed that nAb35 inhibited viral entry with a half-maximal effective concentration of approximately 10 μg/mL, as determined by both luciferase reporter and immunofluorescence assays.Conclusion:These findings identify nAb35 as a promising candidate for further therapeutic development against emerging H5N1 virus.","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":" ","pages":"257-263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148346432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reovirus Reassortants Reveal Context-Dependent Oncolytic Phenotypes Across Epithelial Cancer Cell Lines. 呼肠孤病毒重组揭示了上皮癌细胞系中环境依赖的溶瘤表型。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Viral immunology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-30 DOI: 10.1177/08828245261464827

J Ryder Hutchinson, Owen M Carter, Charlotte V Dagli, Efraín E Rivera-Serrano

{"title":"Reovirus Reassortants Reveal Context-Dependent Oncolytic Phenotypes Across Epithelial Cancer Cell Lines.","authors":"J Ryder Hutchinson, Owen M Carter, Charlotte V Dagli, Efraín E Rivera-Serrano","doi":"10.1177/08828245261464827","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08828245261464827","url":null,"abstract":"Mammalian reoviruses are promising oncolytic agents, but most preclinical and clinical work has focused on the type 3 Dearing (T3D) prototype, potentially underestimating the therapeutic relevance of broader reovirus genetic diversity. Because reoviruses possess a segmented double-stranded RNA genome, reassortment can generate progeny with novel combinations of traits influencing infectivity, replication, and cytotoxicity. Here, we evaluated a panel of previously generated T1L × T3D reassortants and recombinant reoviruses across three epithelial tumor models: A549 lung adenocarcinoma and the oral squamous carcinoma cell lines OECM-1 and CAL-27. Across all three models, the tested viruses displayed marked cell line-dependent heterogeneity in both cytotoxicity and infectivity. Several reassortants reduced viability more effectively than the parental T1L and T3D strains in one or more cell lines, and DB62 emerged as the most broadly active candidate across the panel. Infectivity and cytotoxicity overlapped only partially, indicating that efficient infection alone does not fully predict oncolytic potency. Together, these findings show that reassortment can generate reoviruses with enhanced or selective activity across epithelial tumor contexts and support future studies examining how segment-dependent differences in interferon antagonism, entry, and cell death shape oncolytic potency.","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":" ","pages":"281-287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Syncytia Formation in the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lessons from Viral Infections. SARS-CoV-2感染发病机制中的合胞体形成：来自病毒感染的教训。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Viral immunology Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-30 DOI: 10.1177/08828245261433819

Aida Tafazoli, Razieh Dowran

{"title":"Syncytia Formation in the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lessons from Viral Infections.","authors":"Aida Tafazoli, Razieh Dowran","doi":"10.1177/08828245261433819","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08828245261433819","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely known that numerous enveloped viruses can produce multinucleated cells (syncytia) as a result of viral entry-related membrane fusion events. By protecting the virus from the host's immune reaction, these syncytia are thought to promote viral reproduction. Syncytia are collections of merged cells. A viral spike protein (S) on the surface of an infected cell interacts with receptors on nearby cells to cause the syncytia response. The innate immune system's response to viruses affects how syncytia form. Some interferon-stimulated genes change the membrane in a way that reduces the likelihood of fusion. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) virus is quickly changing; also, several mutations occurred in its S protein. Individually and together, the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants carry mutations that significantly affect S function and syncytia formation. The function of syncytia in newly emerging variant diseases is still unknown, though. Syncytia could cause disease through promoting viral transmission, cytopathicity, immunological evasion, and inflammatory responses. The SARS-CoV-2 S protein variations include several changes that improve receptor interactions, fusogenicity, and antibody reactivity. A wide range of clinical symptoms, including moderate febrile sickness, severe respiratory distress, and occasionally deadly lung damage, can be brought on by an infection with SARS-CoV-2. Several of these lung illnesses (MERS-CoV) are linked to both the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Compared to acute respiratory syndromes, the lung thrombosis brought on by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is incredibly severe. In this review we focused on innate immunological elements that prevent syncytia from forming and the molecular triggers of S-mediated fusion.","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":" ","pages":"232-240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0