Viral immunology最新文献

Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies and Autoimmune Diseases: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis. 爱泼斯坦-巴氏病毒抗体与自身免疫性疾病：双向孟德尔随机化分析

IF 1.5 4区医学

Viral immunology Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2024.0056

Meiling Xu, Meihua Su, Guangyong Chen

{"title":"Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies and Autoimmune Diseases: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis.","authors":"Meiling Xu, Meihua Su, Guangyong Chen","doi":"10.1089/vim.2024.0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2024.0056","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to evaluate the estimate of causal relationship between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody levels and autoimmune diseases (AIDs), such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), through bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Despite 50 years of research into the link between EBV infection and AIDs, inconsistent results persist due to the complex mechanisms of EBV within the body. We utilized large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) Open GWAS Project database to conduct rigorous MR analysis, incorporating various sensitivity analyses to assess potential impacts and ensure robustness. EBV antibodies (including VCA-IgG, ZEBRA-IgG, EBNA-1-IgG, and EA-D-IgG) were used as exposure variables, whereas RA and SLE served as outcome variables. In the reverse analysis, RA and SLE were treated as exposure variables and EBV antibodies as outcome variables. When EBV antibodies are designated as the exposure variables, the random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW) analysis indicated a significant negative genetic causal relationship between EBV EA-D antibody levels and RA (p = 0.007, odds ratio [OR] = 0.700, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.539-0.907]). No significant genetic causal relationship was found between SLE and EBV antibody levels. When RA and SLE are designated as the exposure variables, the random-effects IVW analysis revealed significant positive genetic causal relationships between SLE and EBV ZEBRA antibody levels (p = 0.009, OR = 1.028, 95% CI = [1.007-1.050]) and EBV EA-D antibody levels (p = 0.005, OR = 1.032, 95% CI = [1.009-1.054]). No significant genetic causal relationship was observed between RA and EBV antibody levels. This study offers compelling evidence of a causal relationship between EBV antibody levels and AIDs through MR analysis. Our findings lay a new foundation and perspective for future research directions, clinical prognosis, and treatment.","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Profile of Cytokines and T Cell Subsets Transcription Factors in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Viral Encephalitis. 病毒性脑炎患者脑脊液中细胞因子和 T 细胞亚群转录因子的概况

IF 1.5 4区医学

Viral immunology Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2024.0058

Khadija Tebibi, Rafika Ben Laamari, Zakaria Saied, Olfa Maghrebi, Henda Touzi, Zina Meddeb, Samia Ben Sassi, Henda Triki, Meriam Belghith, Dorra Rezig

引用次数: 0

Correlation Between TWEAK Serum Level and HTLV-1 Proviral Load in HAM/TSP. HAM/TSP中TWEAK血清水平与HTLV-1病毒载量的相关性

IF 1.5 4区医学

Viral immunology Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2024.0070

Nafiseh Taheri, Mona Fani, Hashem Khanbabaei, Zohreh Vahidi, Fariba Zemorshidi, Reza Boostani, Houshang Rafatpanah, Saeedeh Ebrahimi

{"title":"Correlation Between TWEAK Serum Level and HTLV-1 Proviral Load in HAM/TSP.","authors":"Nafiseh Taheri, Mona Fani, Hashem Khanbabaei, Zohreh Vahidi, Fariba Zemorshidi, Reza Boostani, Houshang Rafatpanah, Saeedeh Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1089/vim.2024.0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2024.0070","url":null,"abstract":"Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), the main neurological manifestation of HTLV-I, is a chronic inflammatory disease. Viral-host interaction and host genetics are two important contributors to the development of the HAM/TSP. This study was conducted to measure the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) by ELISA method in three groups of participants including 34 HAM/TSP patients (HAM/TSP), 35 asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (ACs), and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Also, the titer of the proviral load in two groups of HAM/TSP and ACs was assessed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The statistical results showed that, there is no significant difference between the three groups in TWEAK cytokine level (p = 0.667). Also, there was no significant difference in proviral load titer between groups of HAM/TSP and ACs (p = 0.08). Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between proviral load and TWEAK cytokine concentration between groups of HAM/TSP and ACs. Our findings showed that despite the inflammatory nature of HAM/TSP disease, the expression level of TWEAK in HAM/TSP patients is not significantly different from the groups of ACs and HCs. Therefore, the involvement of other factors in causing HAM/TSP is not unexpected.","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Memory T Cells Subpopulations in a Cohort of COVID-19 Vaccinated or Recovered Subjects. COVID-19疫苗接种者或康复者群体中的记忆T细胞亚群

IF 1.5 4区医学

Viral immunology Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2024.0065

Marco Iuliano, Roberta Maria Mongiovì, Alberico Parente, Lorenzo Grimaldi, Blerta Kertusha, Anna Carraro, Raffaella Marocco, Giulia Mancarella, Cosmo Del Borgo, Maria Dorrucci, Miriam Lichtner, Giorgio Mangino, Giovanna Romeo

{"title":"Memory T Cells Subpopulations in a Cohort of COVID-19 Vaccinated or Recovered Subjects.","authors":"Marco Iuliano, Roberta Maria Mongiovì, Alberico Parente, Lorenzo Grimaldi, Blerta Kertusha, Anna Carraro, Raffaella Marocco, Giulia Mancarella, Cosmo Del Borgo, Maria Dorrucci, Miriam Lichtner, Giorgio Mangino, Giovanna Romeo","doi":"10.1089/vim.2024.0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2024.0065","url":null,"abstract":"Following viral infection, antigen-restricted T lymphocytes are activated and recognize infected cells to eliminate them. A subset of T cells differentiates into memory lymphocytes able to counteract viral rechallenge in a faster and enhanced way. SARS-CoV-2 can escape immune responses leading to a poor clinical outcome. Immune escape can be associated with the failure of the development of T cell memory compartments. The aim of this study is to characterize the T memory subsets and to test the immune response against class I- and II-restricted immunodominant epitopes shared by ancestral and SARS-CoV-2 variants strains. T memory subsets and recognition of SARS-CoV-2S Spike-specific epitopes were analyzed by flow cytometry on 14 fully vaccinated healthy donors (HDV) and 18 COVID-19 recovered patients (CD). The results obtained showed that CD8+ T naïve subset numbers decreased in association with a significant increase of the effector memory T cell subset whereas there was a small increase in the percentage of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-restricted T clones in both CD4+ and CD8+ subset in the CD compared to HDV sample. Collectively, these features may reflect a broader cytotoxic T cell repertoire stimulated by the virus during the natural infection compared to the spike-restricted response activated during vaccination.","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Involvement of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Viral Infections of the Human Host. E3 泛素连接酶参与病毒对人类宿主的感染

IF 1.5 4区医学

Viral immunology Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2024.0068

Suchanda Verma, Archana Ghatak

{"title":"Involvement of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Viral Infections of the Human Host.","authors":"Suchanda Verma, Archana Ghatak","doi":"10.1089/vim.2024.0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2024.0068","url":null,"abstract":"Viral infections are one of the principal causes of global primary health crises, with increased rate of infection and mortality demonstrated by the newer progeny of viruses. Viral invasion of the host involves utilization of various cellular machinery. Ubiquitination is one of a few central regulatory systems used by viruses for establishment of the infections in the host. Members of the ubiquitination system are involved in carrying out proteasomal degradation or functional modification of proteins in numerous cellular processes. E3 ubiquitin ligases play a major role in this system through recognition and recruitment of protein substrates and catalyzing the transfer of ubiquitin to these substrates. The versatility of ubiquitin ligases frequently makes them useful tools for the viruses, for either utilizing or degrading other cellular machineries, for carrying out their multiplication or inactivating the defensive strategies of the host. Therefore, these ligases are important targets for aiming at major pathways causing viral protein degradation or functional modification of the infection process. In this review, we have discussed the role and mechanism of different types of ubiquitin ligases in the context of infections of mainly human viruses, highlighting the viral proteins directly interacting with the ligases. Knowledge about these direct interactions is central in understanding the ubiquitin-dependent processes. This comprehensive account may also be beneficial for pharmaceutical exploration of E3 ligase-based broad-spectrum antiviral treatment.","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Potential of mRNA Vaccines to Fight Against Viruses. mRNA 疫苗对抗病毒的潜力。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Viral immunology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2024.0047

Xinyi Wang

{"title":"The Potential of mRNA Vaccines to Fight Against Viruses.","authors":"Xinyi Wang","doi":"10.1089/vim.2024.0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2024.0047","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccines have always been a critical tool in preventing infectious diseases. However, the development of traditional vaccines often takes a long time and may struggle to address the challenge of rapidly mutating viruses. The emergence of mRNA technology has brought revolutionary changes to vaccine development, particularly in rapidly responding to the threat of emerging viruses. The global promotion of mRNA vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has demonstrated the importance of mRNA technology. Also, mRNA vaccines targeting viruses such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and Ebola are under development. These vaccines have shown promising preventive effects and safety profiles in clinical trials, although the duration of immune protection is still under evaluation. However, the development of mRNA vaccines also faces many challenges, such as stability, efficacy, and individual differences in immune response. Researchers adopt various strategies to address these challenges. Anyway, mRNA vaccines have shown enormous potential in combating viral diseases. With further development and technological maturity, mRNA vaccines are expected to have a profound impact on public health and vaccine equity. This review discussed the potential of mRNA vaccines to fight against viruses, current progress in clinical trials, challenges faced, and future prospects, providing a comprehensive scientific basis and reference for future research.","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":"37 8","pages":"383-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Severe Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 Infections on the Anti/Proapoptotic Molecules: A 6-Month Cohort Study. SARS-CoV-2 感染的严重症状对抗/凋亡分子的影响：为期6个月的队列研究

IF 1.5 4区医学

Viral immunology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2024.0060

Masoud Karimi-Googheri, Zahra Madjd, Jafar Kiani, Ziba Shabani, Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi, Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi

{"title":"The Effects of Severe Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 Infections on the Anti/Proapoptotic Molecules: A 6-Month Cohort Study.","authors":"Masoud Karimi-Googheri, Zahra Madjd, Jafar Kiani, Ziba Shabani, Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi, Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi","doi":"10.1089/vim.2024.0060","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vim.2024.0060","url":null,"abstract":"The plausible effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the expression of anti/proapoptotic molecules have been suspected. This cohort study examined the expression of p53, Bcl-2, Bid, Bak, and Bax molecules, the genes associated with induction or inhibition of apoptosis, in the SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with severe and mild symptoms in an Iranian population. In this 6-month cohort study, the expression of p53, Bcl-2, Bid, Bak, and Bax molecules was evaluated at onset of diagnosis, 24 h after symptom onset, and 6 months later in the nasopharyngeal cells of SARS-CoV-2-infected hospitalized patients and outpatients in comparison with healthy controls using the real-time PCR technique. At the onset of the study, the relative expression of p53, Bcl-2, Bid, Bak, and Bax significantly increased in the SARS-CoV-2-infected hospitalized patients and decreased after 6 months. The healthy controls showed potential positive correlations among the molecules, but the patients did not show these correlations. Since SARS-CoV-2 needs host cell survival, it appears that the virus induces the expression of Bcl-2 as an antiapoptotic molecule, and the host cells upregulate the proapoptotic molecules to neutralize the effects. Dysregulation of correlation expression of the molecules among the patients proved that SARS-CoV-2 affects the expression of the molecules involved in apoptosis. SARS-CoV-2 could be considered an important factor that regulates the expression of several molecules participating in cancer pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":" ","pages":"392-403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling Immunological and Hematological Markers in COVID-19: Insights from a Clinical Study. 揭示 COVID-19 的免疫学和血液学标志物：临床研究的启示。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Viral immunology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2024.0049

Hassan Imran, Muslim Bin Aqeel, Sidra Gull, Fiza Saleem, Zaman Khan

{"title":"Unveiling Immunological and Hematological Markers in COVID-19: Insights from a Clinical Study.","authors":"Hassan Imran, Muslim Bin Aqeel, Sidra Gull, Fiza Saleem, Zaman Khan","doi":"10.1089/vim.2024.0049","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vim.2024.0049","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the global health system and economies largely. Therefore, knowledge about the clinical and laboratory profiles of patients with COVID-19 would help in the management and prognosis of the disease. The immunological and hematological indices have emerged as critical determinants for the severity of the disease and the prognosis; however, association with COVID-19 is clouded. The present study is aimed to characterize the immunological and hematological profiles of patients with COVID-19 in correlation with the disease severity. The study included 1,019 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed patients with COVID-19 who were classified into serious and nonserious groups, considering severity criteria. Clinical laboratory investigations included hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters regarding leukocyte counts, hemoglobin levels, and inflammatory markers. Our analysis of immunological and hematological differences between serious and nonserious patients with COVID-19 indicates that serious cases reflected elevated levels of pro-inflammatory markers such as lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and ferritin, representing immune system dysregulation and systemic inflammation. Furthermore, in serious cases, discrepancies had also been noticed for many hematological parameters than nonserious ones, which also contained leukocyte count and hemoglobin level. Additionally, the CRP, D-dimer, blood urea nitrogen, alanine transaminase, and albumin levels could be independent predictors of COVID-19 severity by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Cutoff values for these biomarkers were defined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis defining optimal parameters for the risk stratification and prognostication. The current investigation provides a comprehensive understanding of immunological and hematological correlation with COVID-19 severity, refining clinical decision-making and therapeutic interventions to improve patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":" ","pages":"411-418"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Binding Capability to Variants of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus. 调查 SARS-CoV-2 IgG 与 SARS-CoV-2 病毒变体的结合能力

IF 2.2 4区医学

Viral immunology Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2024.0064

Lucy Johnson,Cillian F De Gascun,Jaythoon Hassan

{"title":"Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Binding Capability to Variants of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus.","authors":"Lucy Johnson,Cillian F De Gascun,Jaythoon Hassan","doi":"10.1089/vim.2024.0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2024.0064","url":null,"abstract":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has confirmed that the ability to rapidly mutate may be extremely beneficial for a virus. Not long after the first wave, new variants emerged with altered infectivity, disease severity, and mortality. These new strains most notably had numerous mutations of the spike (S) protein, a surface protein responsible for binding to and entering the host cell. The Delta and Omicron strains demonstrated increased immune evasion and improved binding affinity to the host cell receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This study examines the ability of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 IgG to bind Delta and Omicron antigens, as well as their functional binding capabilities to two different S-ACE2 complexes. Twenty SARS-CoV-2 positive samples from patients who had recovered from infection with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 in the first wave of COVID-19 and 10 pre-pandemic control samples were studied. SARS-CoV-2 exposed patients showed significantly higher levels of IgG to SARS-CoV-2 S1/RBD (p < 0.001), N protein (p < 0.001), and Omicron spike variant (p = 0.01), but not to Delta spike variant (p = 0.966) when compared with controls. Furthermore, patient samples showed significantly greater inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 S1/RBD and E484K spike to ACE2 binding (p < 0.001 and p = 0.015, respectively). Conversely, there was no correlation between the binding inhibition of S1/RBD and E484K spike to ACE2 receptor. This study shows there is considerable cross-reactivity of IgG generated by wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection to the Delta and Omicron variants.","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rosalind Franklin Society Proudly Announces the 2023 Award Recipient for Viral Immunology. 罗莎琳德-富兰克林学会自豪地宣布 2023 年病毒免疫学奖得主。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Viral immunology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2024.74213.rfs2023

Evelyn Rivera Toledo

引用次数: 0