Viral immunology最新文献

{"title":"How Can We Predict Disease Severity in Viral Infections?","authors":"Rodney S Russell","doi":"10.1089/vim.2023.0059.editorial","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2023.0059.editorial","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":"36 4","pages":"239-240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9563903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Expression Patterns of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 and Other Tryptophan and Arginine Catabolic Pathway Genes in Dengue Correlate with Clinical Severity-Pilot Study Results.","authors":"Soumya Jose, Roshni Jerome, Ajai Krishnan, Ozhiparambhil AnilKumar Jagan, Dongmei Li, Veena Menon","doi":"10.1089/vim.2022.0160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2022.0160","url":null,"abstract":"The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism can modulate inflammatory responses inducing immunotolerance or immunosuppressive effects. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is the rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway. Early aberrant inflammation is implicated in severe dengue, and herein we investigate and characterize the expression of IDO pathway genes in severe dengue patients. We use a SyBR green-based qPCR to evaluate the leukocyte expression levels of IDO1, IDO2, AhR, TGF-β, ARG1, IFNγ, and IFNα in a dengue patient cohort (n = 51). Twenty-two cases were identified as severe dengue using the WHO case classification (2009) criteria. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to examine the relationships of gene expression profiles with disease severity and laboratory markers of clinical severity. We find that two principal components describe most of the variance (65.3%) in the expression patterns of the cohort. Reduced expression of IDO1, TGF-β, and AhR, represented by low Component 2 scores, was significantly associated with disease severity, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. Higher expression levels of IDO2, IFNγ, and IFNα positively correlated with Component 1 scores, and were significantly associated with elevated ALT (p = 0.018) and AST (p = 0.017) enzymes. Our results suggest that profiling the baseline expression patterns of the IDO pathway genes may aid in the identification of dengue patients most at risk of severe disease.","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":"36 4","pages":"268-281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9914366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of the <i>Interleukin 1B</i>-31*C Proinflammatory Allele with the Severity of COVID-19 Patients: A Preliminary Report.","authors":"Kame Alberto Galán-Huerta,&nbsp;Myriam Aseret Zamora-Márquez,&nbsp;Rómulo Omar Flores-Pérez,&nbsp;Paola Bocanegra-Ibarias,&nbsp;Daniel Salas-Treviño,&nbsp;Ana María Guadalupe Rivas-Estilla,&nbsp;Samantha Flores-Treviño,&nbsp;Sonia Amelia Lozano-Sepúlveda,&nbsp;Natalia Martínez-Acuña,&nbsp;Adrián Camacho-Ortiz,&nbsp;Eduardo Pérez Alba,&nbsp;Daniel Arellanos-Soto,&nbsp;Laura Nuzzolo-Shihadeh,&nbsp;Elvira Garza-González","doi":"10.1089/vim.2022.0143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2022.0143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals with no known comorbidities or risk factors may develop severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present study assessed the effect of certain host polymorphisms and viral lineage on the severity of COVID-19 among hospitalized patients with no known comorbidities in Mexico. The analysis included 117 unrelated hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Patients were stratified by whether they required intensive care unit (ICU) admission: the ICU group (<i>n</i> = 40) and non-ICU group (<i>n</i> = 77). COVID-19 was diagnosed on the basis of a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay and clinical and radiographic criteria. The presence of the <i>IL1B-31</i> (T/C) polymorphism was determined for all patients using PCR and nucleotide sequencing. Genotyping of the <i>IL-4</i> (-590, T/C) and <i>IL-8</i> (-251, T/A) polymorphisms was performed by the amplification refractory mutation system-PCR method. Genotyping of <i>IL1-RN</i> was performed using PCR. Viral genome sequencing was performed using the ARTIC Network amplicon sequencing protocol using a MinION. Logistic regression analysis identified the carriage of <i>IL-1 B*-31</i> *C as an independent potential risk factor (odds ratio [OR] = 3.1736, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0748-9.3705, <i>p</i> = 0.0366) for ICU admission and the presence of <i>IL-RN</i>*2 as a protective factor (OR = 0.4371, 95% CI = 0.1935-0.9871, <i>p</i> = 0.0465) against ICU admission. Under the codominant model, the CC genotype of <i>IL1B</i>-31 significantly increased the risk of ICU admission (OR: 6.38, 95% CI: 11.57-25.86, <i>p</i> < 0.024). The <i>IL1B</i>-31 *C-<i>IL-4</i>-590 *T haplotype increased the risk of ICU admission (OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.02-6.25, <i>p</i> = 0.047). The 42 SARS-CoV-2 genomes sequenced belonged to four clades, 20A-20D. No association was detected between SARS-CoV-2 clades and ICU admission or death. Thus, in patients with no known comorbidities or risk factors, the <i>IL1B</i>-31*C proinflammatory allele was observed to be associated with the risk of ICU admission owing to COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":"36 4","pages":"241-249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9558779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: \"Association of the Interleukin 1B-31*C Proinflammatory Allele with the Severity of COVID-19 Patients: A Preliminary Report\" by Galán-Huerta <i>et al.</i>","authors":"Amnuay Kleebayoon,&nbsp;Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.1089/vim.2023.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2023.0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":"36 4","pages":"298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9550873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs) on Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Population in Egyptian Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Patients: A Potential Immunomodulatory Role of DAAs.","authors":"Basma Abdulsamad,&nbsp;Mohamed Afifi,&nbsp;Ashraf K Awaad,&nbsp;Waleed Elbendary,&nbsp;Hanan Mustafa,&nbsp;Bassem Elsherbini","doi":"10.1089/vim.2022.0170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2022.0170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic hepatitis C is a major health concern with high morbidity and mortality rates. The introduction of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) as a first-line treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) has significantly enhanced HCV eradication. However, DAA therapy is facing rising concerns regarding long-term safety, viral resistance, and reinfection. HCV is associated with different immune alteration mechanisms that can evade immunity and establish persistent infection. One of these suggested mechanisms is the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which is known to accumulate in chronic inflammatory conditions. Moreover, the role of DAA in restoring immunity after successful viral eradication is still unclear and needs further investigations. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of MDSCs in chronic HCV Egyptian patients and its response to DAA in treated compared with untreated patients. Fifty untreated chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients, 50 DAA-treated CHC patients, and 30 healthy individuals were recruited. We used flow cytometer analysis to measure MDSCs frequency and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis to evaluate the serum level of interferon (IFN)-<i>γ</i>. We found a significant elevation in MDSC% among the untreated group (34.5 ± 12.4%) compared with the DAA-treated group (18.3 ± 6.7%), while the control group had a mean of (3.8 ± 1.6%). IFN-<i>γ</i> concentration was higher in treated patients compared with untreated. We also found a significant negative correlation (rs -0.662) (<i>p</i> < 0.001) between MDSC% and IFN-<i>γ</i> concentration among treated HCV patients. Our results revealed important evidence of MDSCs accumulation in CHC patients and partial retrieval of the immune system regulatory function after DAA therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":"36 4","pages":"259-267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9562393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Variant-Specific mRNA Vaccine: Pros and Cons.","authors":"Shahla Shahsavandi,&nbsp;Amir Ali Hariri","doi":"10.1089/vim.2022.0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2022.0121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have raised concerns about the efficacy of vaccines. The present study aimed to compare the potential of Delta and Omicron variant-specific mRNA vaccines in inducing immune responses. B cell and T cell epitopes and population coverage of spike (S) glycoprotein of the variants were predicted using the Immune Epitope Database. The molecular docking was carried out between the protein and different toll-like receptors, as well as the receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein and angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 (ACE2) cellular receptor using ClusPro. The molecular simulation was done for each docked RBD-ACE2 using YASARA. The mRNA secondary structure was predicted through the RNAfold. The simulation of immune responses to the mRNA vaccine construct was performed using C-ImmSim. Apart from a few positions, no significant difference was observed in the prediction of S protein B cell and T cell epitopes of these two variants. The lower amounts of Median consensus percentile in the Delta variant in similar positions signify its stronger affinity to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II binding alleles. Docking of Delta S protein with TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 and also its RBD with ACE2 showed striking interactions with the lower binding energy than Omicron. In the immune simulation, elevated levels of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, helper T lymphocytes, and memory cells in both the active and resting states and the main regulators of the immune system suggested the capacity of mRNA constructs to elicit robust immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Considering slight differences in the binding affinity to MHC II binding alleles, activation of TLRs, mRNA secondary structure stability, and concentration of immunoglobulins and cytokines, the Delta variant is suggested for the mRNA vaccine construction. Further studies are being done to prove the efficiency of the design construct.</p>","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":"36 3","pages":"186-202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9777556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Little on Innate Immunity and a Lot on Antibodies.","authors":"Rodney S Russell","doi":"10.1089/vim.2023.0043.editorial","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2023.0043.editorial","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":"36 3","pages":"151-152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9409751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue Virus Increases the Expression of TREM-1 and CD10 on Human Neutrophils.","authors":"Juan A Ruiz-Pacheco,&nbsp;E José Muñoz-Medina,&nbsp;Luis A Castillo-Díaz,&nbsp;Rommel Chacón-Salinas,&nbsp;Alejandro Escobar-Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1089/vim.2022.0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2022.0124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Every year, dengue is responsible for 400 million infections worldwide. Inflammation is related to the development of severe forms of dengue. Neutrophils are a heterogeneous cell population with a key role in the immune response. During viral infection, neutrophils are mainly recruited to the infection site; however, their excessive activation is linked to deleterious results. During dengue infection, neutrophils are involved in the pathogenesis through neutrophils extracellular traps production, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-8 secretion. However, other molecules regulate the neutrophil role during viral infection. TREM-1 is expressed on neutrophils and its activation is related to increased production of inflammatory mediators. CD10 is expressed on mature neutrophils and has been associated with the regulation of neutrophil migration and immunosuppression. However, the role of both molecules during viral infection is limited, particularly during dengue infection. Here, we report for the first time that DENV-2 can significantly increase TREM-1 and CD10 expression as well as sTREM-1 production in cultured human neutrophils. Furthermore, we observed that treatment with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, a molecule mostly produced in severe cases of dengue, is capable of inducing the overexpression of TREM-1 and CD10 on human neutrophils. These results suggest the participation of neutrophil CD10 and TREM-1 in the pathogenesis of dengue infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":"36 3","pages":"176-185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9407782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Genetic Variant <i>TNFA</i> (rs361525) Is Associated with Increased Susceptibility to Developing Dengue Symptoms.","authors":"Mónica Edith Villanueva-Aguilar,&nbsp;Lourdes Del Carmen Rizo-de-la-Torre,&nbsp;María Del Pilar Granados-Muñiz,&nbsp;Andrea Montoya-Fuentes,&nbsp;Héctor Montoya-Fuentes","doi":"10.1089/vim.2022.0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2022.0093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue virus (DENV) is the causal agent of dengue fever. The symptoms and signs of dengue vary from febrile illness to hemorrhagic syndrome. <i>IFITM3</i> and <i>TNFA</i> are genes of the innate immune system. Variants <i>IFITM3</i> (rs12252 T>C) and <i>TNFA</i> (rs1800629 G > A and rs361525 G>A) might alter gene expression and change the course of the disease. Our first objective was to determine whether these variants were associated with the susceptibility and severity of dengue. The second was to assess the association of these variants with each symptom. We studied 272 cases with suspected dengue infection, of which 102 were confirmed dengue cases (DENV+) and 170 were dengue-like cases without DENV infection (DENV-). Samples of 201 individuals from the general population of Mexico were included as a reference. Genotyping was performed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Odds ratios and confidence intervals were calculated using Pearson's chi-square test and later adjusted for age and sex with a binary logistic regression model. Haldane correction is applied when necessary. We found a significantly higher frequency of the A allele of <i>TNFA</i> rs361525 in both the DENV+ and DENV- groups compared with the general population. Focusing on DENV+ and DENV-, the frequency of the A allele of <i>TNFA</i> rs361525 was higher in the DENV+ group. A broad spectrum of symptoms was related to the A allele of both <i>TNFA</i> variants. We conclude that <i>TNFA</i> rs361525 increases the susceptibility to symptomatic dengue but can also be associated with susceptibility to other dengue-like symptoms from unknown causes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":"36 3","pages":"229-237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9407754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Seroprevalence Study on Residents in a Senior Care Facility with Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection.","authors":"Heui Man Kim,&nbsp;Eun Ju Lee,&nbsp;Sang Won O,&nbsp;Yong Jun Choi,&nbsp;Hyeokjin Lee,&nbsp;Sae Jin Oh,&nbsp;Jeong-Min Kim,&nbsp;Ae Kyung Park,&nbsp;Jeong-Ah Kim,&nbsp;Chae Young Lee,&nbsp;Jong Mu Kim,&nbsp;Hanul Park,&nbsp;Young Joon Park,&nbsp;Jeong-Hee Yu,&nbsp;Eun-Young Kim,&nbsp;Hwa-Pyeong Ko,&nbsp;Eun-Jin Kim","doi":"10.1089/vim.2022.0133","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vim.2022.0133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began spreading rapidly in the community in November 2021, becoming the dominant variant in the Republic of Korea in 2022. Although its pathogenesis in healthy individuals was low, the severity and hospitalization rate was higher in the elderly and immunocompromised patients. We aimed to investigate the immunogenicity in acute and convalescent phases of breakthrough infection by Omicron in elderly individuals. Serological data were assessed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and plaque-reduction neutralization tests. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and immunoglobulin G levels in the acute phase were higher in third dose-vaccinated elderly than in first and second dose-vaccinated patients. The neutralization antibody titer was detected only in third dose-vaccinated patients, and the titer was higher for the Delta than the Omicron variant. In the convalescent phase of Omicron infection, the neutralization antibody titer of vaccinated patients was higher for the Delta than the Omicron variant except in unvaccinated individuals. We demonstrated that the cause of the vulnerability to Omicron variant infection in third dose-vaccinated elderly was due to the low neutralization antibody level against Omicron. A fourth dose of vaccination is required in the elderly to reduce hospitalization and mortality caused by the Omicron variant.</p>","PeriodicalId":23665,"journal":{"name":"Viral immunology","volume":"36 3","pages":"203-208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10621659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9470330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}