Voprosy pitaniia最新文献

{"title":"[Effect of separate and combined intake of rutin and hesperidin on the activity and gene expression of cytochrome P450 isoforms 1A and 3A in rat liver].","authors":"N V Trusov, V A Tutelyan","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-132-138","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-132-138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main molecular mechanisms of the protective effect of minor bioactive compounds (BAC) of food, including rutin and hesperidin, along with antiradical and antioxidant activity, include their interaction with transcription factors modulating the functional state of the organism defense systems, one of which is the system of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. However, the data on their combined action are limited. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to study the effect of rutin and hesperidin on the activity and gene expression of cytochrome P450 isoforms 1A and 3A (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A) in rat liver at their separate and combined intake. <b>Material and methods</b>. The study was carried out using 4 groups of 6 male Wistar rats with initial body weight 225±5 g. For 14 days the rats of the control group received a standard semi-synthetic diet. Rutin and hesperidin were administered separately or together at a calculated daily dose of 400 mg per 1 kg body weight. CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 activities were determined spectrofluorimetrically in liver microsomal fraction, CYP3A activity - by high-performance liquid chromatography. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. <b>Results</b>. Dietary intake of rutin and hesperidin did not significantly alter the activity of the studied enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism, but had an inducing effect on CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 genes, expression of which statistically significant increased both at separate and combined intake. The expression of CYP3A1 gene did not differ from control values at intake of rutin alone, but considerably and statistically significant decreased in the presence of hesperidin in the diet. An increase in transcription factor AhR gene expression was noted, moreover the expression in the group receiving rutin + hesperidin was significantly reduced in relation to the group receiving rutin alone. <b>Conclusion</b>. Combined intake of flavonoids (rutin and hesperidin) has a modulating effect on enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism at the level of their gene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 6","pages":"132-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Development of allergenic potential's assessment approaches of protein hydrolysates obtained from alternative food sources].","authors":"M D Trebukh, E O Sadykova, A A Shumakova, S I Shestakova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-91-97","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-91-97","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The investigation of the perspectives for the application of alternative protein sources in food production has allowed us to identify two main directions requiring comprehensive scientific support: firstly, the development of production and processing of food protein technologies to obtain food hydrolysates with a given composition and properties, and secondly, the assessment of the such product safety, including evaluation of their allergenic potential. Currently, within the second direction, research is being conducted to improve approaches to assessing the allergenic potential of innovative food, search for new in vitro and in vivo models and biomarkers to guarantee the safety of these products for consumers. &lt;b&gt;The purpose&lt;/b&gt; of the study was to research the allergenic potential of the methanotrophic bacteria protein hydrolysates on the model of systemic anaphylaxis in rats and to formulate approaches to assessing the novel foods' safety. &lt;b&gt;Material and methods&lt;/b&gt;. The allergenic potential of acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of Methylococcus capsulatus methanotrophic bacteria was investigated on the systemic anaphylaxis' model in two 30-day experiments on Wistar rats' male fed diet containing acid hydrolysate in the 1st experiment and enzymatic hydrolysate in the 2nd experiment. Animals of the corresponding control groups were kept on semi-synthetic casein diet. The ingredients of the experimental groups' diets were substituted taking into account the content of protein, fat, carbohydrates and dietary fibers in the hydrolysates in compliance with the principle of isocaloric content and identity of chemical composition. Allergenic potential of hydrolysates was assessed using an expanded pool of indicators: severity of active anaphylactic shock (mortality, number of severe anaphylaxis reactions); cytokine profile (content of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as regulators of cellular and humoral immune response), ovalbumin specific IgG immunoglobulin level before administration of ovalbumi permissive dose. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;. In the sensitised rats the inclusion of methanotrophic bacteria hydrolysates in the diet caused an increase in allergic reactivity. The systemic anaphylaxis severity was 20% (p&lt;0.05) higher in rats of the 1st experimental group receiving acid hydrolysate with the diet than in animals of the 1st control group; in rats of the 2nd experimental group it was 33% (p&lt;0.05) lower than the corresponding control. The assessment of the humoral immune response intensity shows a slight statistically unreliable increase by 11% (p&gt;0.05) in the sum of IgG1 + IgG4 antibodies in rats of the 1st experimental group compared to the corresponding control group. This indicator in rats of the 2nd experimental group was 81% (p&lt;0.05) higher than in rats of the 2nd control group. The study of serum cytokine profiles revealed an increase in Th1/Th2-regulators of the immune response in rats of both experimental groups comp","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 6","pages":"91-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Multi-strain probiotic combined with dietary fiber is an effective factor in the nutritional support of immunity in athletes].","authors":"E N Trushina, N A Riger, O K Mustafina, A N Timonin, T N Solntseva, I S Zilova, I V Kobelkova, D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-2-19-30","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-2-19-30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A priority in the prevention and correction of immune disorders in athletes is the use of products with high nutrient density, fortified with various nutrients or bioactive compounds, as well as probiotic microorganisms. Probiotics help to maintain the gut microbiota, which is actively involved in the absorption of substances and energy and increases the host immune resistance. Dietary fiber, resistant to digestion in the small intestine, is fully or partially fermented in the large intestine and acts as an essential substrate for the growth and regulation of metabolic activity of normal flora, improves peristalsis and digestion. <b>The purpose</b> of the study was to evaluate the impact of a multi-strain probiotic in combination with dietary fiber on the immune status of basketball athletes during the training period. <b>Material and methods</b>. The study was conducted with the participation of 30 male basketball athletes aged 18 to 24 years. The athletes were randomly divided into 2 groups of 15 people. Athletes in the main group received 1 capsule of multi-strain probiotic (≥1.25×1010 CFU of 10 probiotic strains of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli) and 40 g of corn bran (as a source of dietary fiber) for 23 days. Athletes in the control group received 1 placebo capsule containing maltodextrin and breadcrumbs (40 g/day). Subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied by flow cytometry: T lymphocytes, T helper cells, T cytotoxic lymphocytes, NK cells, NKT cells, B lymphocytes, as well as lymphocytes carrying activation markers and apoptosis marker antigen. The content of cytokines in blood serum [FGF, Eotaxin, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1ra, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12(p70), IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, PDGF-BB, RANTES, TNF-α, VEGF] was determined using a multiplex immunoassay. <b>Results</b>. Calculation of the absolute number of lymphocytes revealed a tendency (0.05<p<0.10) to a decrease in T helper cells by the end of the observation period in athletes of the main group (497.60±27.67 vs 632.67±65.20 cells/μL), as well as a decrease (p<0.05) in the expression of the CD95/Fas apoptotic marker on peripheral blood lymphocytes of athletes of the main group compared to the beginning of the study (41.53±5.78 vs 69.53±11.79 cells/μL). At the end of the study, a significant increase in IL-9 level was found in the control group [(Me; min-max) = (0.33; 0.21-0.48) vs (0.26; 0.09-0.38) pg/ml; p<0.05; in comparison with the initial indicator]; as well as the tendency (0.05<p<0.10) towards an increase in the levels of IL-15, IL-1ra and RANTES was revealed. In the main group, at the end of the study, the level of G-CSF significantly decreased [(0.36; 0.03-0.95) vs (0.53; 0.14-1.36) pg/ml, p<0.05]. At the end of the observation period, blood serum levels of FGF, G-CSF, IL-13, IL-2 and RANTES in the athletes of the control group exceeded these indicators in the athletes of the main group wherea","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 2","pages":"19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141175716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Study of composite mixtures based on durum wheat semolina and white beans flour for pasta production as specialized food products].","authors":"M S Maradudin, I V Simakova, Yu Yu Eliseev, V N Strizhevskaya","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-1-125-134","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-1-125-134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing the number of chronic non-communicable diseases around the world is a critical social problem in many countries. In this regard, the creation of specialized foods that correct dysfunctions of the human body is a priority direction in science and food industry. Legumes are characterized by a high content of protein, minerals and trace elements, which determines their possible use as the main raw materials for creating specialized foods. <b>The aim</b> of this research was to present a medical, biological and technological justification for the possibility of producing pasta based on composite mixtures of durum wheat semolina and white bean flour as specialized foods with increased protein content and optimal mineral ratio. <b>Material and methods</b>. The objects of the study were grains of durum wheat (grade Krasnokutka-13), whole meal flour from white beans, composite mixtures in various percentages, and pasta from them. The nutritional and biological value of durum wheat semolina and bean flour was determined experimentally, the nutrient profile of the developed composite mixtures - by calculation. The rheological properties of dough from composite mixtures and the cooking properties of pasta made from them were assessed. <b>Results</b>. It has been established that increase in the proportion of white bean flour in composite mixes elevated calcium and protein content, optimized an amino acid profile, the ratio of calcium to phosphorus, significantly reduced the glycemic load. Bean flour introduction into composite mixtures positively affected the rheological properties of the dough and products from it, in particular, on the speed and energy intensity of dough kneading and aging processes of starched polysaccharides, however, lead to a decrease in dry pasta strength. The pasta made from composite mixtures meets the technological requirements for pasta in terms of a number of basic indicators, namely: the volume of dry pasta, the volume of pasta after cooking and the boilability coefficient. <b>Conclusion</b>. The rheological and technological properties of composite mixtures and their nutrient profile make it possible to recommend them for the production of pasta, as specialized foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 1","pages":"125-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparative analysis of body fat measurement using two bioelectric impedance devices and three household scales (with the function of determining body composition) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry].","authors":"A V Meshtel, A G Antonov, A N Zhilkin, P D Rybakova, A B Miroshnikov, A V Smolensky","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-2-95-104","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-2-95-104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Body composition assessment is often used in clinical practice to assess and monitor nutritional status. For example, body fat mass is a predictor of metabolic diseases, and for an athlete it is a criterion of performance. \"Gold standard\" - the method of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - in contrast to bioelectrical impedance analysis, is difficult to apply in everyday clinical practice. Therefore, it becomes relevant to compare the consistency of measured body fat mass using densitometry and bioimpedanceometry. <b>The aim</b> of the study was to perform a comparative analysis of body fat mass estimated by bioimpedanceometry (two bioelectric impedance devices and three household scales with a function of determining body composition) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. <b>Material and methods</b>. Sixteen healthy, physically active adults aged 25 [23; 26] years, male (n=7) and female (n=9), participated in the cross-sectional study. Body composition was assessed under standard conditions in the morning, after a 12-hour fast, using densitometry (Stratos Dr X-ray densitometer) and bioimpedanceometry [bioelectric impedance devices: Medass ABC-01, Diamant AIST (with manufacturer's predictive equations); household scales with a function of determining body composition: Tanita BC-718, Picooc Mini, Scarlett SC-216]. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10 package (StatSoft, USA), and included Friedman's chi-criterion, Lin's correlation concordance coefficient, Bland-Altman method, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and Wilcoxon's criterion with Bonferroni correction for multiple studies. <b>Results</b>. None of the bioimpedanceometry devices studied showed a relationship (Bland- Altman coefficient >0.2) or consistency (Lin's correlation concordance coefficient <0.9) when compared to densitometry, although Spearman correlation was moderate for Tanita BC-718 (r=0.603, p<0.05), Diamant AIST (r=0.641, p<0.01) and Scarlett SC-216 (r=0.609, p<0.05), and notable for Medass ABC-01 (r=0.841, p<0.01) and Picooc Mini (r=0.718, p<0.01). <b>Conclusion</b>. This study found that no bioelectrical impedance device has consistency with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in assessing body fat mass. Since the accuracy of body fat mass measurement is critical in body composition diagnosis, the assessment results obtained by bioimpedanceometry should be interpreted with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 2","pages":"95-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141175658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparative assessment of the basal metabolic rate in athletes with different level of physical activity based on prediction equations].","authors":"R M Radjabkadiev, K V Vybornaya, A I Sokolov, D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-5-35-42","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-5-35-42","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The use of laboratory methods for assessing energy expenditure in athletes requires the availability of appropriate equipment and trained personnel, which is very difficult in the context of everyday sports activities. Therefore, the use of predictive equations that most accurately reflect energy expenditure is of paramount importance for developing dietary and recovery recommendations for athletes. &lt;b&gt;The purpose&lt;/b&gt; of this research was to compare the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of highly skilled athletes obtained using predictive equations. &lt;b&gt;Material and methods&lt;/b&gt;. The results of the examination of 180 elite athletes, members of the Russian national teams in four sports (shooting, biathlon, bobsleigh, snowboarding), of both sexes (107 men and 73 women aged 18 to 30 years), conducted in the morning, on an empty stomach, 10-12 hours after training, were analyzed during the pre-competition period of sports training. BMR was assessed using the InBody 720 bioimpedance analyzer (Katch-McArdle formula) and calculated using Mifflin-St Jeor, Cunningham, De Lorenzo and Harris-Benedict predictive equations. Lean body mass (LBM) was determined using an InBody 720 bioimpedance analyzer and calculated using Boer, Hume and James predictive equations. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;. When assessing the BMR in athletes, the lowest values were obtained using the Katch-McArdle equation which is built into the InBody 720 analyzer. The highest values for men were obtained using the De Lorenzo equation, they exceeded the calculated values obtained using the Harris-Benedict, Mifflin-St Jeor and Katch-McArdle equations by 3.9-15.5% (p&lt;0.05). In the female groups, the highest BMR values were obtained using the Mifflin-St Jeor equation; they exceeded the data calculated according to the Katch-McArdle, Cunningham and Harris-Benedict equations by 13.8-30.8% (p&lt;0.05). The Cunningham formula, which is used to calculate the BMR based on the LBM, showed significantly higher values compared to the Katch-McArdle formula (p&lt;0.05), the differences were about 180 kcal for the male groups and about 160 kcal for the female groups. In male athletes, the lowest LBM values were obtained using the Hume equation. These values were significantly lower (р&lt;0.05) than the results of LBM calculation using the Boer and James equations (by 5.4-8.3%), as well as when assessing LBM using the InBody 720 analyzer (by 7.1-7.7%). In female sports groups, the lowest LBM values were obtained using the hardware method, while calculations using predictive equations showed higher values (the maximum LBM values using the Boer equation), but the differences were not statistically significant. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion&lt;/b&gt;. When using prediction equations to assess the BMR in athletes of different specializations, it should be taken into account that the results may differ by 3.9-15.5% when assessed in male groups and by 13.8-30.8% in female groups. Since the BMR is the starting point for calculating an athlete's needs for nut","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 5","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Long-term and seasonal dynamics of vitamin D supply indicators for the population of the Western Siberia region].","authors":"E A Vilms, D V Turchaninov, Yu V Menshchikova, E V Dobrovolskaya, A V Storozhenko","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-5-57-64","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-5-57-64","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the active study of vitamin D, today the problem of its insufficient supply remains relevant both in Russia and throughout the world. In our country, the situation is affected by the geographical, climatic, as well as ethnic and cultural characteristics of each region. It is of interest to assess the temporal and territorial characteristics of the population's sufficiency. <b>The purpose</b> of the study was to analyze long-term and intra-annual dynamics of vitamin D status among residents of the Western Siberia region for the correction of prevention programs. <b>Material and methods</b>. An analysis of the vitamin D status in the residents of Western Siberia, located at 53-58° northern latitude, was carried out. The study was carried out among adults aged 18 to 93 years, the median age was 49 [36; 62] years (n=2586). Vitamin D status was determined by the level of 25(OH)D in venous blood serum. The determination was carried out using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Study period - 2017-2023. <b>Results</b>. The results of the study demonstrate an improvement in vitamin D status in residents of Omsk region in dynamics. This is manifested in a decrease in the proportion of people with deficiency from 41.6±1.6% in 2017-2019 to 33.5±1.7% in the period 2022-2023 (p<0.001) and an increase in the proportion of the examined with optimal sufficiency from 26.7±1.4 to 38.2±1.8% (p<0.001). An obvious dependence of vitamin D serum level on the month of the year has been established: low values were noted in the winter and spring months with a minimum in March (18.4 [12.1; 27.9] ng/ml). <b>Conclusion</b>. Seasonal variations are an important factor influencing 25(OH)D blood level. The decrease in the proportion of individuals with deficiency states most likely indicates an increase in vitamin D intake from food or supplements, which requires further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 5","pages":"57-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Assessment of the clinical effectiveness of a specialized fermented milk product for the dietary correction of carbohydrate and fat metabolism disorders].","authors":"Kh Kh Sharafetdinov, A L Novokshanova, A A Kochetkova, O A Plotnikova, R I Alekseeva, V V Pilipenko, V A Alekseev, K B Sukharev, O V Oksenenko","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-67-75","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-67-75","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To level out the nutrient imbalance in diets, patients with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders are prescribed to include specialized low-fat food with increased protein content. In this regard, the development and evaluation of the effectiveness of such products enriched with micronutrients is relevant. <b>The purpose</b> of the research was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a specialized fermented milk product for the dietary correction of carbohydrate and fat metabolism disorders. <b>Material and methods</b>. The study involved 40 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with concomitant abdominal obesity. The average age was 62.0±1.2 years. The hypocaloric diet (1708 kcal/day) of the patients in the main group (n=20) included daily for 21 days 200 g of a specialized fermented milk product containing 5.0% protein, 0.5% fat, 8.0% carbohydrates, enriched with taurine (0.4 mg%), carnitine (0.3 mg%), manganese, zinc and 12 vitamins. The patients in the control group (n=20) did not receive this product. All patients underwent an anthropometric assessment, bioimpedancemetry, and examined biochemical blood parameters characterizing carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Vitamin status was assessed by the level of vitamins C, E, D, B12 in the blood serum. Status was evaluated by the serum levels of malone dialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity. <b>Results</b>. The study of the clinical efficacy of the specialized fermented milk product showed good tolerability by patients. After 3 weeks of diet therapy, patients in both groups showed statistically significant decreases in body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, waist circumference, serum level of glucose, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Patients in the main group showed more pronounced positive dynamics of body component composition. There was statistically significant decrease in fluid while maintaining skeletal muscle mass, in contrast to the indices in patients of the control group. The inclusion of the specialized fermented milk product in the low-calorie diet was accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in serum level of malone dialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine by an average of 17% from the initial level (p<0.05), and an increase in superoxide dismutase activity by 18.5% (p<0.05), 25(OH)D and vitamin C level by 35 and 51% (p=0.001), respectively, in the absence of index dynamics in patients of the control group. <b>Conclusion</b>. The specialized fermented milk product can be used in diet therapy, including for the purpose of dietary correction of disorders of fat and carbohydrate metabolism, as an additional source of vitamins, trace elements (zinc, manganese), as well as taurine and L-carnitine.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 6","pages":"67-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Assessment of basketball players' nutrition in dynamics].","authors":"I V Kobelkova, M M Korosteleva, Yu A Seledkova, N N Denisova, D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-98-104","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-98-104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Basketball is one of the most popular sports in the world, with competitions held at national, international, continental and world levels, including the Olympic Games. Optimal nutrition plays a key role in sports performance and the implementation of recovery strategies, which determined the relevance of this study. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to analyze the nutrition of basketball players in dynamics to determine the need to introduce specialized or dietary supplement into the diet. <b>Material and methods</b>. The nutrition of 17 male basketball players, students of the Moscow State Academy of Physical Culture and Sport in the pre-competition period was assessed twice in March 2022 [n=17, 20.5±0.5 years, body length - 190.8±1.7 cm, body weight (BW) - 79.4±4.5 kg, body mass index (BMI) - 23.4±0.5 kg/m2] and 2023 (n=17, BW - 87.3±2.5 kg, BMI - 24.0±0.5 kg/m2). The actual nutrition of athletes was studied using the NIAP (Scientific Instrument for Nutrition Analysis) web service developed by the Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety together with Nutrient Planner LLC (2023). <b>Results</b>. The diet structure of the examined basketball players was not optimal. The energy value of the diet in 2023 (Me=3089 kcal/day) was 11% higher compared to 2022 (p=0.068) and approached the recommended level for men of group IV with high physical activity aged 18-29 years. With a high protein level in the calorie value of the diet - 20.1% (2023) and 18.7% (2022), the proportion of fats and carbohydrates was suboptimal both in the first study (40.5 and 39.9%) and in the repeated one (37.8 and 40.9%). The specific intake of dietary fiber (DF) did not reach the level of 10 g/1000 kcal per day, and in absolute values, only in 2023 median exceeded 20 g/day (23.2 [15.8; 26.7] g/day). <b>Conclusion</b>. Excessive consumption of fats and saturated fatty acids was revealed, which can negatively affect the energy supply of high-intensity activities of athletes in team sports and performance. To optimize the diet in terms of the ratio of carbohydrate and fat components and the DF content, athletes were offered a specialized food of the corresponding focus (with high DF level). Systematic education of athletes on optimal nutrition is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 6","pages":"98-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Chemical composition of blueberries in Arctic regions of Yakutia].","authors":"U M Lebedeva, T V Sleptsova, V T Vasilyeva","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-139-144","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-139-144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wild berries are a valuable source of nutrients and antioxidants in the human diet. One of the most widespread and useful wild berries growing in Yakutia is blueberry. Its exploitable reserves in the republic amount to about 22 thousand tons annually. <b>The aim</b> of the study was to investigate the chemical composition of blueberries growing in the Arctic regions of Yakutia. <b>Material and methods</b>. The material for the study were berries of blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum subsp. microphyllum L.), collected at technical ripeness in 2022 in three Arctic regions (uluses) of Yakutia (Anabarsky, Bulunsky, Momsky), significantly differing in soil and climatic conditions. Organoleptic evaluation of berries was carried out on the day of collection after sampling. After collection, berries were stored at -28 °C until analysis, defrosted in a refrigerator at a temperature =<5 °C for 3 h. The studies were carried out in an average sample (from 10 samples in 3-fold repetition). Dry matter was determined by drying in a desiccator at a temperature of 105 °C to constant weight. Studies of the chemical composition of berries were carried out by infrared spectroscopy. <b>Results</b>. In berries grown in the cooler Anabarsky and Bulunsky districts, in comparison with berries collected from the territory of the Momsky district, a significant pattern of an increase in the content of dry matter by 0.6-1.0%, protein by 0.29-0.31%, fat by 0.10-0.11%, and total sugars by 1.4-1.6% was observed, which was reflected in a higher calorie value. The content of vitamin C and iron in berries grown in the Anabarsky and Bulunsky districts was 17.2-20.9% higher than in berries grown in the Momsky district. A 100 g portion of freshly frozen blueberries grown in the Arctic regions of Yakutia satisfies the daily requirement of an adult in vitamin C by 25.0-29.7%, in B vitamins, potassium, calcium and magnesium - by 2-4%, in iron - by 13.3-28.9%. <b>Conclusion</b>. New data on the chemical composition of Vaccinium uliginosum subsp. microphyllum L. berries from the Arctic regions of Yakutia have been obtained. The higher content of vitamin C, potassium, calcium and iron in the blueberry growing in the Arctic zone of Yakutia compared to the berries of the western and central regions of the republic was noted.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 6","pages":"139-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}