Voprosy pitaniia最新文献

{"title":"[Alternaria toxins in tomato products marketed in the Russian Federation].","authors":"I B Sedova, Z A Chalyy, U V Ivanova, V A Tutelyan","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-1-103-111","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-1-103-111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tomatoes and tomato products are widely produced and consumed throughout the world. Alternaria spp. are the main cause of alternariosis (black mold disease) on fresh tomatoes, both in the field and after harvesting. Alternaria toxins are widespread contaminants of tomato products. <b>The aim</b> of the present study was to evaluate the contamination of tomato processing products from the domestic market with Alternaria toxins, as well as to assess their intake by humans through the consumption of tomato juices. <b>Material and methods</b>. The content of Alternaria toxins (alternatiol, alternariol monomethyl ether, altenuene, tentoxin, tenuazonic acid) was determined in 64 samples of tomato products (paste, ketchup, juice) by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-MS/MS). <b>Results</b>. The priority Alternaria toxins for tomato paste, ketchup and juice were tenuazonic acid (61% of 64 samples, in amounts from 20.0 to 1065.5 μg/kg), altenuene (52%, 8.9-200.1 μg/kg) and alternariol (27%, 12.2-561.6 μg/kg). Samples of tomato paste turned out to be the most contaminated with Alternaria toxins while tomato juice samples were the least contaminated. At the same time, several toxins were found in 91% of tomato paste samples, 35% of ketchups, and 23% of tomato juices. <b>Conclusion</b>. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first survey devoted to Alternaria toxins contamination of tomato paste, ketchup and tomato juice sold on the Russian market. The high frequency of their contamination with tenuazonic acid, altenuene and, to a lesser extent, alternariol has been established, which indicates a potential risk to human health when tomato processing products are consumed. This indicates the need for a hygienic assessment of contamination the above products with tenuazonic acid, altenuene and alternariol. When calculating the potential intake of Alternaria toxins for different age population groups, it was shown that high levels of alternariol (up to 56.77 ng/kg body weight per day) could be obtained under daily consumption of tomato juice by adults and children under three years of age, as well as tenuazonic acid when consuming tomato juice contaminated at the 95th percentile level as part of the diet in organized groups for orphans and children without parental care.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 1","pages":"103-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Key challenges in the dietary intake structure and cutting edge technologies for optimizing nutrition to protect the health of the Russian рopulation].","authors":"V A Tutelyan, D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-1-6-21","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-1-6-21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents an analysis of some of the results of the work of the Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology (Center) in recent years, highlighting the most important, promising areas of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene that need further development. The priority area of Center functioning is scientific support for the implementation of the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated January 21, 2020 No. 20), Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated July 21, 2020 No. 474 «On the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period until 2030 «in terms of ensuring an increase in life expectancy and improving the life quality of the population, the Strategy for Improving the Quality of Food Products in the Russian Federation until 2030 (Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 29, 2016 No. 1364-r). The Center coordinates all research on medical nutrition problems in the Russian Federation within the framework of the work of the Problem Commission on Nutrition Hygiene of the Scientific Council of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences on Medical Nutrition Problems, the Scientific and Technical Committee of the Comprehensive Scientific Program «Priority Research in the Field of Nutrition of the Population», Profile Commission on Dietetics of the Expert Council in the Field of Health of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, ensuring the implementation of their results with the participation of members of the Consortium \"Healthcare, Nutrition, Demography\". The most important area of the Center's work is scientific and expert support in the field of international and national technical regulation of the production and turnover of foods and raw materials, in particular, the work of the Russian national contact point of the Codex Alimentarius Commission (established by FAO and WHO), as well as the work of the Russian side in the Eurasian Economic Commission regarding the preparation of proposals for technical regulations of the Customs Union in the field of food safety, evaluation of draft technical regulations and amendments and additions to them.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 1","pages":"6-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Physiological and biochemical <i>in vivo</i> study of polyphenols and 20-hydroxyecdisone from quinoa grains effect on resistance to physical exercise in Wistar rats].","authors":"V A Shipelin, N A Biryulina, Yu S Sidorova, N A Petrov, S N Zorin, V K Mazo, V V Bessonov","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-1-80-91","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-1-80-91","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing the ability of the human body to adapt to physical stress is relevant from the standpoint of using foods for special uses containing functional food ingredients (FFI) with effectiveness proven in vivo. <b>The purpose</b> of this study was to evaluate the effect of FFI from Chenopodium quinoa grains with a high content of polyphenols and phytoecdysteroids on the physical endurance of male Wistar rats. <b>Material and methods</b>. The experiment was carried out during 36 days using 50 weaned male Wistar rats. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=12): Control, Run and Run-FFI. Rats of the Control and Run groups received a standard semisynthetic diet during the experiment. Rats of the Run-FFI group received a semi-synthetic diet with the addition of FFI in an amount of 0.055±0.003%, containing phytoecdysteroids (50.4±0.6 mg/g) and polyphenols (212.0±2.0 mg/g). During the experiment, the rats were assessed for their neuromotor function (grip strength of front paws), memory, and behavioral reactions in the \"Elevated Plus Maze\" (EPM), \"Conditioned Passive Avoidance Reflex\" (CPAR) and \"Open Field\" (OF) tests. Once a week, animals from the Run and Run-FFI groups were subjected to moderate physical load on a \"Treadmill\". On the 36th day of the experiment, the animals of these groups were subjected to exhausting physical load. Immediately after running, the animals were placed in metabolic cages to collect daily urine. At the end of the experiment, the content of corticosterone, the activity of catalase, indicators of protein, lipid and mineral metabolism, indexes of the liver functional state and antioxidant defense system parameters were analyzed in the blood serum; the level of prostaglandin E2 and dopamine were determined in daily urine. <b>Results</b>. Physiological tests (CRAR, OF) showed that weekly exercise increased anxiety in laboratory animals. The FFI introduction into the diet led to normalization of the assessed parameters (EPM). As a result of 36-day consumption of FFI against the background of physical loads, a significant decrease by 22% in the main stress marker, corticosterone, was revealed in the blood of rats, as well as significant increase by 23% in the stress inhibitor - prostaglandin E2 urinary excretion, compared with animals of the Run group to the level not differed from the indicators of the control animals. There were no differences in endurance performance between the Run and Run-FFI groups on the results of the exhaustive exercise. Consumption of FFI prevented the formation of excess ammonia, significantly reducing the level of urea in the blood and normalizing its excretion to control levels in the urine, which was increased in the Run group by 19%. <b>Conclusion</b>. The results obtained demonstrated the adaptogenic properties of the developed FFI in response to stress caused by weekly moderate and acute exhaustive physical activity. The obtained data on the biological effect of the developed ","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 1","pages":"80-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The importance of the diet in the prevention of atherosclerosis progression].","authors":"R N Mustafin, E A Galieva","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-16-26","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-16-26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The most common mechanism of the development of cardiovascular diseases is atherosclerosis, caused by genetic predisposition, hyperlipidemia, inflammation and metabolic disorders. Statins used in medicine inhibit endogenous cholesterol synthesis, but are characterized by diabetogenic effect, development of intolerance in 9.1%, and muscle symptoms in 10-25% of patients. Therefore, a well-chosen diet is important in atherosclerosis preventing. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to summarize modern concepts on the possibilities of preventing the development and progression of atherosclerosis with the help of food. <b>Material and methods</b>. A literature search to determine the significance of diet in atherosclerosis mechanisms was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and RSCI databases by keywords \"atherosclerosis\", \"nutrition effects\", \"vegetarians\", \"mediterranean diet\", \"vegan diet\", \"plant food\", \"atherogenic food\", \"antiatherogenic food\", \"statins\", \"side effects\", «complications». <b>Results</b>. The analysis of literature data showed that raw and cooked (unfried) plant products and their components have an anti-atherosclerotic effect, which affects various links in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Polyphenols contained in berries, tea, fruit and vegetables reduce low-density lipoproteins, pro-inflammatory cytokines, suppress platelet aggregation, and normalize endothelium state. The results of meta-analyses indicate suppression of atherosclerosis development with the consumption of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, soy protein, turmeric, hot peppers, and vitamin D. Water-soluble and insoluble dietary fibers adsorb cholesterol, reduce its absorption and contribute to anti-atherogenic properties of intestinal microflora. Fermented dairy products, probiotics and prebiotics potentiate the synthesis of hypolipidogenic substances by the intestinal microbiota. The development of atherosclerosis is promoted by food rich in cholesterol, iron and sugar, any fried foods regardless of the fats used, consumption of foods containing phosphates and calcium as food additives. <b>Conclusion</b>. The use of competent diet therapy helps prevent atherosclerosis, which is especially important for patients with intolerance or contraindications to statin use. A comprehensive approach is needed in choosing the diet with limiting cholesterol-rich foods, and proper cooking without frying in oil, eating foods with antiatherogenic action. The search for new medicines based on bioactive compounds contained in plant products is promising.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 6","pages":"16-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Improving the technology for obtaining an ingredient with probiotic properties using a new complex proteolytic enzyme preparation].","authors":"E V Kuksova, E V Kostyleva, A S Sereda, A A Toloknova, E A Fursova, G S Volkova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-5-142-152","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-5-142-152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of technologies for producing bacterial concentrates and enzyme preparations using domestic microbial strains is an urgent task. The use of whey protein hydrolysates as components of nutrient media for probiotic bacteria consortia for the cultivation of lactic acid and bifidobacteria makes it possible to improve and develop innovative processes for obtaining bacterial concentrates with the required functional properties for the production of dietary supplements. A consortium of probiotic microorganisms (lactic acid and bifidobacteria) was created in the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Food Biotechnology as a starter culture for specialized dairy products. Using strain Aspergillus oryzae 21-154 LAP a new complex enzyme preparation with a laboratory name Protoorizin LAP has been obtained providing the extensive hydrolysis of protein substrates. <b>The purpose</b> of the research was to evaluate the possibility of using the new domestic proteolytic enzyme preparation Protoorizin LAP in preparing whey-based nutrient media for culturing a consortium of probiotic microorganisms to obtain bacterial concentrates. <b>Material and methods</b>. The object of the research was a symbiotic consortium, including lactic acid bacteria strains (Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus Д-16, Lactobacillus plantarum 578/25, Lactobacillus helveticus 842(D)-2, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis М-12, Streptococcus thermophilus В-92) and bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium longum Б-2). Unclarified curd whey and whey protein concentrate were taken as the nutrient medium basis. The media were treated with β-galactosidase to reduce the lactose content. In order to hydrolyze proteins, the control culture medium was treated with commercial preparations: serine protease - Alcalase® 2.4 L and leucine aminopeptidase - Flavourzyme® 1000 L. In the experimental medium, two imported preparations were replaced with a laboratory sample of the enzyme preparation Protoorizin LAP. In the prepared nutrient media, the content of amine nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein was determined, and electrophoretic analysis of proteins and peptides was carried out. The consortium growth was monitored by the content of dry substances and reducing sugars, by active and titratable acidity, as well as by microscopy. The number of viable cells of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria at the end of fermentation and in the resulting bacterial concentrates were determined by sieving on the appropriate selective agar media using an automatic colony counter. <b>Results</b>. The effectiveness of Protoorizin LAP in the hydrolysis of whey proteins significantly exceeded the result of the combined action of Alcalase® 2.4 L and Flavourzyme® 1000 L both in terms of reducing the undigested protein content, including immunogenic fractions, and in terms of the yield of soluble protein, amine nitrogen and amino acids. The nutrient media obtained using proteases ensured good ","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 5","pages":"142-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Bioimpedance analysis of body composition and rest energy expenditure in highly trained cross-country skiers].","authors":"E A Bushmanova, A Yu Lyudinina","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-3-23-30","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-3-23-30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The body composition monitoring using bioimpedance analysis (BIA) is important in assessing the functional state of athletes in sports. Based on changes of body composition, it is possible to optimize the actual dietary intake, as well as successfully organize the training process. <b>The purpose</b> of this research was to conduct a comparative assessment of BIA parameters and rest energy expenditure (REE) in highly trained cross-country skiers and young non-athletes. <b>Material and methods</b>. The members of the national cross-country skiing team from the Komi Republic and Russian Federation (n=30; age - 22.3±2.7 years) were examined. Practically healthy medical students served as a control group for the present study (n=40; age - 20.2±2.4 years). The participants successively passed the following study steps: assessment of the body composition by BIA (ACCUNIQ BC380), REE determination by indirect non-fasting calorimetry and calculation technique. <b>Results</b>. The parameters of total body water, fat-free mass, lean tissue and body cell mass were higher in contrast to the fat mass percentage in the athletes (р<0.001). The calculated REE was lower than measured REE among all the participants. At the same time, the REE calculated by the Ketch-McArdle formula significantly differed between the groups, while no differences were found between the REE calculated by the Harris-Benedict prediction equation. The measured REE were significantly higher by 16% (p<0.001) i n athletes compared to those in the control group. <b>Conclusion</b>. The body composition of athletes was distinguished by a significantly higher amounts of total body water, fat-free mass, skeletal muscle, active cell mass, and lower percentage of fat mass compared to healthy untrained individuals. The results obtained among athletes coincided with the idea that the magnitude of REE is determined by the mass of metabolically active tissues and to a lesser extent depends on the fat mass. BIA results can be used to monitor athletes' body composition during the training process.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 3","pages":"23-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Influence of lactoferrin and enzymatiс hydrolysates of cow's and mare's milk proteins on anaphylactic sensitivity and cytokine profile of rats].","authors":"E S Simonenko, S V Simonenko, I V Gmoshinski, N A Riger, A A Shumakova, S N Zorin","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-2-31-40","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-2-31-40","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of innovative ingredients of specialized formula for children with intolerance to cow's milk proteins requires accounting the influence of the protein component on the allergic sensitivity. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to study the effect of lactoferrin (LF) from cow colostrum, cow's milk protein hydrolysate (CMPH) and mare's milk protein hydrolysate (MMPH) on the severity of the systemic anaphylaxis reaction, the levels of specific IgG antibodies and cytokines in rats parenterally sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA). <b>Material and methods</b>. The experiment was carried out on 4 groups of 26 male Wistar rats, which were sensitized intraperitoneally with chicken egg OVA and a systemic anaphylaxis reaction was induced on the day 29 by intravenous administration of a challenge dose of the antigen (6 mg per kg body weight). LF, CMPH and MMPH were introduced into the diet in doses of 1.4-2 g/kg body weight per day (on an average 1.59±0.04, 1.53±0.05 and 1.48±0.05 g per kg body weight respectively). The content of IgG antibodies in the blood serum was determined by an indirect ELISA; the levels of cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12(p70), IL-13, GM-CSF, IFN-γ and TNF-α were detected by multiplex immunoassay. <b>Results</b>. Dietary LF did not have a significant effect on the severity of active anaphylactic shock (AAS), concentrations of antibodies and cytokines in the blood of animals. As a result of CMPH consumption, there were no significant changes in AAS severity and IgG antibodies to OVA but significant increase in TNF-α level was observed as well as a significant decrease in IL-1α (p<0.05). In animals receiving MMPH, there were also no significant changes in the severity of AAS, but a 1.9-fold decrease in the level of IgG antibodies to OVA (p<0.001) was noticed along with a significant increase in IL-12(p70) (p<0.05) and IL-10 (p<0.10) level. <b>Conclusion</b>. Cosumption of LF by sensitized rats didn't significantly affect their anaphylactic sensitivity and cytokine profile, while CMPH intake induced some signs of pro-inflammatory processes. Consumption of MMPH was accompanied by the formation of an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile, which corresponds to a decrease in the intensity of the humoral immune response to the model allergen. Differences in the effects of two hydrolisates, which have similar degrees of hydrolysis, may be associated with the specific composition of glycopeptides formed during the enzymatic cleavage of milk protein produced by these two species of dairy animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 2","pages":"31-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141175710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Medical nutrition after cholecystectomy].","authors":"S V Morozov","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-2-73-82","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-2-73-82","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cholecystectomy (CE) is one of the most frequently performed surgical interventions and the main method of symptomatic gallstone disease treatment. Despite the widespread implementation of minimally invasive surgery techniques, significant proportion of patients develop spectrum of symptoms after CE. These manifestations require correction with different approaches including medical nutrition. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to perform structured review of recently published data related to diet therapy and nutritional support of patients after CE. <b>Material and methods</b>. A literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cyberleninka, eLibrary databases using the keywords \"Cholecystectomy\" in combination with \"Diet\", \"Medical nutrition\", \"Nutritional support\" and their Russianlanguage equivalents for the relevant databases. Correct description of interventions, analyzed outcomes, statistical processing and found effects where necessary for the inclusion to the analysis. Duplicate publications were excluded. <b>Results and discussion</b>. A review of the recommendations on nutritional support after CE has been conducted, including handbooks and clinical guidelines, results of relevant clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of different measures of nutritional support. The rational of traditionally used dietary approaches for the correction of symptoms that develop after CE has been assessed, as well as recently published data on the effectiveness of nutritional support methods. <b>Conclusion</b>. Disturbed regulation of bile secretion in the early CE postoperative period may support the need for limitation of fat consumption. Impaired circulation of bile acids and possible changes in the balance of intestinal microbiota may support the need for the use of prebiotics (like dietary fiber), as well as probiotics, especially when antibiotic treatment was administrated for the patient. These interventions may be important from the viewpoint of prevention of late complications after CE.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 2","pages":"73-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141175715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Nutritional status and nutritional support of patients with chronic disorders of consciousness at the stage of medical rehabilitation].","authors":"M V Nikiforov, S S Aleksanin, A A Korolev","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-3-50-58","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-3-50-58","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic disturbances of consciousness (CDC) are a consequence of severe brain damage and are conditions that arise after emerging from a coma with the preservation of the sleep-wake cycle in the absence of signs of conscious behavior. When conducting inpatient medical rehabilitation of this group of patients, the state of nutritional status is not always taken into account and, as a rule, there is no nutritional support with an assessment of metabolic needs, including the introduction of various modes of physical activity during physical therapy and an increase in physical load on the patient's body. <b>The purpose</b> of the study was to assess the nutritional status and optimize the nutritional support system in patients with CDC at the inpatient stage of medical rehabilitation (MR). <b>Material and methods</b>. The study analyzed the results of examination and treatment of 152 patients with CDC of traumatic origin who received medical rehabilitation from 2016 to 2022 in the Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine of the Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine, Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters. <b>Results</b>. In patients with CDC of traumatic genesis, signs of malnutrition (objective, anthropometric, laboratory) were diagnosed at the inpatient stage of MR, and there were also risks of malnutrition progression with the introduction of additional physical activity. <b>Conclusion</b>. To create an effective and adequate nutritional support system during inpatient MR, metabolic monitoring (indirect calorimetry) is of fundamental importance, taking into account the influence of additional physical activity. The use of a calculation method for estimating energy requirements can lead to hyperalimentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 3","pages":"50-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Determination of carbohydrate content in soft drinks. Methodological aspects and results of research using various methods].","authors":"K V Kobelev, E M Sevostyanova, L N Kharlamova, I V Lazareva, L M Khomich","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-4-112-120","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-4-112-120","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An important component of the programs to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and other chronic noncommunicable diseases is limiting the intake of added sugars. Information about the composition of the product and its nutritional value contained in the labeling contributes to the informed choice of consumers when forming a diet. On July 1, 2023, new provisions of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation came into force, providing for the imposition of an excise tax on \"sugar-containing drinks\" - soft drinks made with added sugar and containing carbohydrates in quantities of more than 5 g/100 ml. The stated goal of the new excise regulation is to reduce sugar consumption by the population. Currently, information on the carbohydrate content in soft drinks is provided by manufacturers based on calculated values according to the recipe, which makes it possible to take into account as much as possible all the carbohydrate components of the product. There is no standardized method for analytically assessing the carbohydrate content of soft drinks (including \"sugar-sweetened beverages\" for excise tax purposes). &lt;b&gt;The purpose&lt;/b&gt; of the work was the comparative analysis of existing analytical methods for determining the content of sugars and carbohydrates in general in foods, including beverages; and determination of the most correct analytical approach to assessing the content of carbohydrates in soft drinks. &lt;b&gt;Material and methods&lt;/b&gt;. The existing methods for determining sugars and carbohydrates in foods, including beverages, have been analyzed. The objects of research were samples of model aqueous solutions with different sugar concentrations (30 samples) and 17 samples of industrially produced soft drinks (including tonic and tonic energy drinks) made using sugar or sugars (glucose-fructose syrup), sweeteners, and a mixture of sugar and sweeteners. The total content of sugars/carbohydrates in beverages was determined: in accordance with MU 10-05031531-372-93 as the difference between the total dry matter content and the dry matter from acids; by the Bertrand method; by the Bertrand-Schorl method. The obtained values were compared with the calculated data specified in the labeling of consumer packaging of the products. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;. The determination of sugars in model solutions showed sufficient accuracy of the Bertrand-Schorl method: deviations of the obtained values from the amount of sugars added to the model solution were observed only at their high concentration (over 10 g/100 ml) and amounted to ±0.1 g/100 ml. The carbohydrate content in industrial soft drinks estimated by various methods differed slightly from that indicated in the labeling (obtained by calculation). The differences were at the level from - 0.2 to +0.4 g/100 ml when using the method from MU 10-05031531-372-93, at the level from -2.6 to +0.8 g/100 ml when using the Bertrand method and at the level from -2.7 to +0.1 g/100 ml when using the Bertrand-Schorl method.","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 4","pages":"112-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}