West African journal of pharmacology and drug research最新文献

{"title":"Malaria Parasite Infection and Chloroquine-Induced Pruritus: The Role of Opioid-Peptides","authors":"O. Adeyemi, E. Iwalewa, M. Akanmu, O. Ukponmwan","doi":"10.4314/WAJPDR.V22I1.14765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJPDR.V22I1.14765","url":null,"abstract":"Pruritus or itch is associated with malaria infection and/or chloroquine chemotherapy. This study examined the relationship between parasitaemia and chloroquine (CQ) on body scratching (BS) in healthy (un-infected) and malaria-infected rats. The malaria parasite induced a significant (p Keywords : Rats, parasitaemia, chloroquine, opioids, antihistamine, naltrexone West African Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Research Vol. 22/23 2007: pp. 31-38","PeriodicalId":23624,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of pharmacology and drug research","volume":"32 1","pages":"31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77839209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiplasmodial Activity of Bp16524 and Su 2242 Against Plasmodium berghei","authors":"I. Ononiwu, B. Uko","doi":"10.4314/WAJPDR.V22I1.14768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJPDR.V22I1.14768","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of two potential drug candidates: BP16524 [a synthetic analogue of cryptolepine] and SU 2242 [an enriched methanolic extract from Enantia chlorantha] on Plasmodium berghei were evaluated in this study. Investigations were performed using suppressive (early infection) and curative (established infection) test procedures. BP16524 showed significant dose dependent suppressive activity but was not effective against established infection. Significant (p Keywords : BP16524, SU 2242, Plasmodium berghei , early and established infections West African Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Research Vol. 22/23 2007: pp. 51-54","PeriodicalId":23624,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of pharmacology and drug research","volume":"16 1","pages":"51-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73641371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effect of the Aqueous Leaf and Seed Extract of Phyllanthus amarus on Alcohol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats","authors":"A. Adeneye, A. Benebo, E. Agbaje","doi":"10.4314/WAJPDR.V22I1.14767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJPDR.V22I1.14767","url":null,"abstract":"Various parts of Phyllanthus amarus (PA) Schum. and Thonn. (family: Euphorbiaceae) are associated with diverse phytotherapeutic properties including hepatoprotective functions. In the present study, of the aqueous leaf and seed extract of PA (50-300 mg/kg) was investigated for its hepatoprotective activities on ethanol-induced liver injured, non-hepatectomised adult male Wistar rats, for 7 days. Of the five (5) groups of rats each, four (4) groups had alcohol hepatotoxicity induced by repeated daily oral dosing with 5g/kg of 50% ethanol for 14 days. Three groups of treated rats were then orally administered 50-300 mg/kg/day of PA for additional 7days. Hepatotoxic enzyme markers consisting of serum transaminases (AST, ALT, ALP) and serum triglyceride (STG), were assayed for after blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture under ether anesthesia. Oral treatment of rats with 5 g/kg b.w./day of 50% ethanol for 14 days reliably established ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity as evidenced by significant (p Keywords : Phyllanthus amarus , protective activity, ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity West African Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Research Vol. 22/23 2007: pp. 42-50","PeriodicalId":23624,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of pharmacology and drug research","volume":"28 1","pages":"42-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82848354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of methanolic extract of Asparagus pubescens root on non-vascular smooth muscle in experimental animals","authors":"P. Nwafor, F. Okwuasaba, M. O. Uguru","doi":"10.4314/WAJPDR.V21I1.14756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJPDR.V21I1.14756","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of methanolic extract of Asparagus pubescens root was investigated on non-vascular smooth muscle in experimental animals. The extract dose-dependently reduced spontaneous rhythmic contraction of rat uterine smooth muscle. It also inhibited acetylcholine, ergometrine, oxytocin, prostaglandin E2, 5-hydroxytryptamine as well as nicotine-induced contractions on rat uterine muscle. \u0000These dose-related inhibitions were statistically significant (p Keywords : Asparagus pubescens , non-vascular smooth muscle, methanolic extract, non-specific mechanism West African Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Research Vol. 21 (1&2) 2005: pp. 31-36","PeriodicalId":23624,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of pharmacology and drug research","volume":"13 1","pages":"31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87295591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro anti-malarial activity of limonoids from two meliacious plants","authors":"G. R. Tchouya, J. Bickii, J. Tchouankeu, E. Tsamo","doi":"10.4314/WAJPDR.V21I1.14757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJPDR.V21I1.14757","url":null,"abstract":"Four limonoids, atomasin A 1, atomasin B 2, entilin A 3 and entilin B 4 from Entandrophragma candollei and Entandrophragma utile (Meliaceae) were tested for in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine–resistant W2 strain. Three limonoids (1, 3, 4) were moderately active with IC50 values between 11.6 and 28.2 µg/mL. atomasin B was devoid of activity. The in vitro activities of the compounds were further analysed using fresh isolates of P. falciparum among which three were chloroquine–resistant. The comparison of the mean IC50 values of atomasin A and entilin B did show any significant difference between chloroquine-resistant and –sensitive isolates. Keywords : Plasmodium falciparum ; Antimalarial activity; Meliaceae; Limonoids; Entandrophragma candollei; Entandrophragma utile . West African Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Research Vol. 21 (1&2) 2005: pp. 39-42","PeriodicalId":23624,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of pharmacology and drug research","volume":"8 1","pages":"39-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87485063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the fruitrind of Picralima nitida (Aapocynaceae) and the stem bark of Cylicodscus gabunensis (Mimosaceae)","authors":"L. B. Mabeku, J. Kouam, V. P. Beng, B. Ngadjui, Z. Fomum, F. Etoa","doi":"10.4314/WAJPDR.V21I1.14752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJPDR.V21I1.14752","url":null,"abstract":"Ethyl acetate(EA) extract of the stem bark of Cylicodiscus gabunensis (CG) and methanol(M) extract of the fruit-rinds of Picralima nitida (PN) were analysed phytochemically and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against 17 pathogenic species isolated from patient: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Morganella morganii, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella thyphi, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter agglomerans, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus feacalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus T, Candida albicans and Candida glabrata . Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, cardiac glycoside and glycoside were detected in the (M) extract of PN whereas flavonoids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols, coumarins, triterpenes and/or sterols and reducing sugars were detected in the (EA) extract of CG. The best MIC and MBC values for the microorganisms sensitive to the (EA) extract of CG were 0.00078 and 0.00315mg/ml respectively whereas its were 0.00078 and 0.001525mg/ml respectively to the methanol extract of PN. The greater and remarkable antimicrobial activities of the (EA) extract of CG were recorded with Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus cereus T whereas it was recorded with Proteus mirabilis for the (M) extract of PN. These results provide a rationalization for the traditional use of both plants for the treatment of infections diseases. Keywords : Antimicrobial activity, Cylicodiscus gabunensis, Picralima nitida West African Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Research Vol. 21 (1&2) 2005: pp. 6-12","PeriodicalId":23624,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of pharmacology and drug research","volume":"21 1","pages":"6-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79080416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of indigenous health care givers to the herbal managament of febrile illnesses in Rivers state, South-south, Nigeria","authors":"O. Ebong, E. Ajaiyeoba, I. Ononiwu, M. Eteng, D. Akinboye, G. O. Gbostosho, C. Falade, O. Bolaji, O. Oladepo, O. Osowole, T. Happi, O. Fawole, A. T. Ogundahunsi, I. Agbagwa, O. Oduola, A. Oduola","doi":"10.4314/WAJPDR.V21I1.14759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJPDR.V21I1.14759","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out in two rural communities: Kaani and Boue, in Khana Local Government Area (LGA) and, in one urban community, Eleme, in Eleme LGA, all in Rivers State, South-South Nigeria. The investigations involved in-depth interviews conducted with 104 health care givers comprising indigenous healers: herbalists, sellers of herbal remedies and community elders. Information was obtained on types of fevers (febrile illnesses) treated, symptoms and methods of establishing illnesses, and traditional herbs used in the prevention and treatment of febrile illnesses. On types of febrile illnesses treated, respondents presented the following: malaria (78.8%), typhoid (23.1%), yellow fever (21.2%), high fever (19.2 %), convulsion (15.4%), and pregnancy fever (2.9%). Other illnesses treated were yellow eyes (4.8%) headache (11.5%), waist pain (14.4%), and joint pains, (8.7%). Respondents determined whether a person had fever by the following: physical examination (85.4 %), listening to patients' complaints (9.4 %), through divination and inspiration (9.4 %), while others (0.2 %) were not quite explicit on their methods of diagnoses. On the treatment of febrile illnesses, respondents used herb teas (88.5%), herb powders (42.3%), incantation (3.3 %), and performance of sacrifice (4.8%) or use of special fluids (27.9%). Majority of the respondents, in describing the best herbal medicines for the treatment of febrile illnesses, 62.5 % said that dogonyaro ( Azadiracta indica ) was the best medicine. Other responses were: lemon grass ( Cymbopogon citratys , 51.9 %), mango ( Mangifera indica ) bark (29.8 %); lime ( Citrus limetta ) juice (30.0 %), paw paw ( Carica papaya ) leaf/fruit (20.2 %); guava ( Psidium guajava ) leaf (18.3 %), akpagbogoro ( Salacia nitida ), 7.7 %, plantain ( Musa sapientum ) sucker (6.7 %), Lipton tea (3.8 %) and scent leaf ( Ocimum gratissimum ), 1.9%. Keywords : Malaria, fever, febrile illness, herbal remedies, Nigeria West African Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Research Vol. 21 (1&2) 2005: pp. 48-54","PeriodicalId":23624,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of pharmacology and drug research","volume":"33 1","pages":"48-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89836719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical experience with chloroquine-fansidar and quinine-fansidar combination in the treatment of malaria in the niger-delta region of Nigeria","authors":"O. Ajayi, R. Babalola, B. Faleyimu, P. Ajayi","doi":"10.4314/WAJPDR.V21I1.14751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJPDR.V21I1.14751","url":null,"abstract":"Multidrug resistant malaria is a topical issue with emphasis now on drug combination therapy to reduce and/or prevent fatalities resulting from malaria fever especially in the tropics. This study is our experience with drug combination therapy of presently available and affordable antimalarial drugs comparing them with single drugs both in terms of parasite clearance and symptomatic improvement of the patients. \u0000We reviewed cases of malaria fever that were admitted and were on different treatment regimens of chloroquine alone; chloroquine + fansidar, quinine alone; quinine + fansidar. Malaria parasite count on admission, 48hrs and 72hrs post-treatment were evaluated using the QBC blood parasite detection methods. The temperature at admission, 6hrs, 12hrs and 24hrs were also recorded. Data were evaluated from 105patients. Twelve (12) patients were on chloroquine alone, 23 patients on chloroquine + fansidar, 20 patients on quinine alone and 50 patients on quinine + fansidar. Percentage parasite clearance after 48hrs were 42±32% for chloroquine, 54±22% for chloroquine + fansidar, 53±25% for quinine and 63±20% for fansidar + quinine. No significant difference in parasite clearance was noted between patients on chloroquine alone and chloroquine + fansidar; p=0.294 and also between quinine alone and quinine + fansidar; p=0.056. Similarly no significant parasite clearance exist between quinine and chloroquine monotherapy; p>0.05; however the parasite clearance of Fansidar and Quinine combination was significantly better than that of chloroquine alone, p Keywords : Multidrug resistance, parasite elimination, combined therapy. West African Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Research Vol. 21 (1&2) 2005: pp. 1-5","PeriodicalId":23624,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of pharmacology and drug research","volume":"67 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90257525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"D&eacutetermination par chromatographie liquide á haute performance du r&eacutetinol et des esters de r&eacutetinol dans le cerveau du rat wistar","authors":"Issad Nasri, A. Mesfioui, A. E. Hessni, M. Ghissassi, A. Ouichou, B. E. Bouhali","doi":"10.4314/WAJPDR.V21I1.14754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJPDR.V21I1.14754","url":null,"abstract":"Intervention of vitamin A in several biological process has been known since decades. Retinoids play a role in the maturation of the central nervous system and in the cerebral metabolism but metabolism studies of the vitamin A in the brain are insufficient. In this study the goal is to determine vitamin A and retinyl esters concentrations of the rat brain by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The validation of this HPLC method shows that results are reliable and reproducible. Reproducibility has been assessed with coefficient of variation (2.84% for retinol and 3.78% for retinyl palmitate) and rate of recovery was 95.2 % for retinol and 96,8 for retinyl palmitate. Results show that the retinol and retinyl esters are constituents of the brain of rat. The brain of rat revealed considerable quantities of vitamin A as retinol and as retinyl esters. The retinyl palmitate with 11.77 ± 4.11nmol/g is the most abundant ester in the brain in front of the retinyl linoleate (2.80±1.3 l nmol/g) and of the retinyl stearate with a concentration of 2.11± 0.64 nmol/g. This technique allowed us to note that the vitamin A, as free alcohol and as esters, is a biochemical constituent of the rat brain. The simultaneous existence of the two chemical structures encourages the hypothesis according to which the brain is capable to stock and to convert the two entities.\u0000 Keywords : Vitamin A, retinol esters, HPLC, brain West African Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Research Vol. 21 (1&2) 2005: pp. 18-21","PeriodicalId":23624,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of pharmacology and drug research","volume":"24 1","pages":"18-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90606184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protection against generalised seizured by Dalbergia saxatilis (Hook, F.) in the pentylenetetrazole and electroconvulsive models","authors":"O. Yemitan, O. Adeyemi","doi":"10.4314/WAJPDR.V21I1.14758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJPDR.V21I1.14758","url":null,"abstract":"The aqueous root decoction of Dalbergia saxatilis (DS) is used to manage convulsive disorders in African herbal medicine practice. We had previously reported the anticonvulsant effects of the aqueous root extract of DS against strychnine and picrotoxin seizures. In this study, DS was tested against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizures, and electrically- induced threshold tonic extension (TTE) and kindling seizures in mice. In the PTZ model, DS (50-200 mg/kg) was administered orally to groups of mice, 30 min. before 75 mg/kg PTZ and onset to seizures noted. In the TTE test, foot shock was delivered through an electrode before treatment and 1h post- treatment. Electrical kindling was produced twice daily at 48h interval in groups of mice. Onset to tonic hind-limb extension (THE) was determined, in the kindling experiment. DS produced a dose-dependent protection against PTZ and elevated the TTE. In the electrical kindling, DS retarded the development and progression of THE, but did not produce a significant delay to THE in kindled mice. \u0000These results indicate that DS might provide protection against generalized absence and partial seizures, which further justifies its use in the management of epilepsies and convulsions in traditional African medicine.\u0000 Keywords : Dalbergia saxatilis , generalized seizure, pentylenetetrazole, kindling, electro- foot shock. West African Joural of Pharmacology and Drug Research Vol. 21 (1&2) 2005: pp. 43-47","PeriodicalId":23624,"journal":{"name":"West African journal of pharmacology and drug research","volume":"46 1","pages":"43-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90569611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}