Political Institutions: International Institutions eJournal最新文献_第10页

Who Put You in Charge? Private Entrepreneurial Authority in World Politics 谁让你负责的?世界政治中的私人企业权威

Political Institutions: International Institutions eJournal Pub Date : 2010-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1668937

Jessica F. Green

{"title":"Who Put You in Charge? Private Entrepreneurial Authority in World Politics","authors":"Jessica F. Green","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1668937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1668937","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new conceptual framework for the study of private authority. I introduce the concept of private entrepreneurial authority where private actors are able to induce deference from others, without ex-ante permission from states to do so. I argue that entrepreneurial authority expands the conceptual and empirical formulation of the role of private actors in world politics, and helps bridge the gap between legalistic approaches to authority that focus on delegation and sociological approaches that focus on legitimacy. This theoretical contribution is critical to understanding the range of variation of private authority. I also present a new longitudinal dataset in the area of environment to describe entrepreneurial authority. I operationalize the concept of entrepreneurial authority by looking specifically at environmental certification schemes, such as “dolphin-safe” tuna or “sustainably harvested” timber. There is a considerable body of literature arguing that private authority is on the rise, yet there is little, if any quantitative data to substantiate this claim. This new dataset, which covers five decades of privately-created environmental standards, is able to engage directly with these arguments using quantitative data rather than single cases. The paper presents findings from these data, and develops hypotheses based on cross-sectoral variation.","PeriodicalId":236062,"journal":{"name":"Political Institutions: International Institutions eJournal","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131711274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Global Arena of Food Law: Emerging Contours of a Meta-Framework 食品法的全球舞台:元框架的新兴轮廓

Political Institutions: International Institutions eJournal Pub Date : 2010-08-01 DOI: 10.5553/elr221026712010003004003

B. M. van der Meulen

引用次数: 2

Trend Spotting: NAFTA Disputes after Fifteen Years 趋势预测:15年后的NAFTA争端

Political Institutions: International Institutions eJournal Pub Date : 2010-07-22 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1706256

L. Herman

引用次数: 14

Mad-Cow Disease and Politics in International Economic Law - A Korean Experience for the World 疯牛病与国际经济法中的政治——韩国的世界经验

Political Institutions: International Institutions eJournal Pub Date : 2010-07-02 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1633973

W. Choi

{"title":"Mad-Cow Disease and Politics in International Economic Law - A Korean Experience for the World","authors":"W. Choi","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1633973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1633973","url":null,"abstract":"The health and food safety policy of every nation must be designed and implemented to maintain a balance between the goals of trade liberalization and protection of health and food safety. Problems arise, however, because occasionally this mutually amicable path of trade and health policies falls into disarray as demonstrated by the recent Mad-cow beef struggles in Korea. This struggle demonstrates how badly a legitimate trade liberalization effort could go in disarray if there is a lack of consensus-building process inside the domestic politics. It also shows how deeply domestic politics may creep into trade policies in a situation of unbalance of power between interest groups. Serious and continuous procedural steps must be taken with active communication with the general public so as to minimize unnecessary political struggles that may be caused by misinformation and consumer anxiety. Without building consumer confidence in domestic politics, any international principles of scientific basis or international standards could only build a house of cards. For the shaping of integrated trade and health policies in a highly political environment, societies need to maintain a high-level health and food safety management system. This can also stabilize the long-term trading system with the world on an overall balance of interest between domestic producers and consumers.Presented at the SIEL 2010 Conference in Barcelona.","PeriodicalId":236062,"journal":{"name":"Political Institutions: International Institutions eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123960953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Challenges of Incorporating the Economic Acquis Communautaire of the East African Community in a New Common Market 将东非共同体经济共同体纳入新的共同市场的挑战

Political Institutions: International Institutions eJournal Pub Date : 2010-06-29 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1632439

Teresa M. Thorp

{"title":"Challenges of Incorporating the Economic Acquis Communautaire of the East African Community in a New Common Market","authors":"Teresa M. Thorp","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1632439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1632439","url":null,"abstract":"Headquartered in Arusha, Tanzania, the East African Community (EAC) is a regional intergovernmental organisation of five Partner States (Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda). The EAC Treaty entered into force on 7 July 2000. Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda officially launched the EAC on 15 January 2001. Burundi and Rwanda became full EAC Partner States with effect from 1 July 2007. The Partner States undertake to establish a Customs Union, a Common Market, subsequently a Monetary Union and ultimately a Political Federation among themselves. In March 2004, the Partner States signed the EAC Customs Union Protocol and it came into effect in January 2005. A “fully fledged” Customs Union entered into force five years later on 1 January 2010. In November 2009, the EAC Heads of State signed and approved the EAC Common Market Protocol. In tandem with the ratification process, and operational start target of 1 July 2010, Partner States are endeavouring to ensure the enactment of relevant enabling legislation to give effect to the EAC Common Market Protocol by 21 August 2010.What mechanisms will Partner States institute to give legal effect to the provisions of the Common Market Protocol by 21 August 2010? This was the question asked of Partner States in the process of drafting this paper. This article presents the results of that evaluation. It evaluates the substantive content of the EAC’s economic acquis communautaire and assesses the progress made by each Partner State to approximate their national laws with the regional framework.Presented at the SIEL 2010 Conference in Barcelona.","PeriodicalId":236062,"journal":{"name":"Political Institutions: International Institutions eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128086119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Does the Pacific Plan Really Offer an Avenue for Stronger and Deeper Regional Cooperation “太平洋计划”真的为加强和深化区域合作提供了途径吗

Political Institutions: International Institutions eJournal Pub Date : 2010-06-22 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1628424

Viliame Wilikilagi

{"title":"Does the Pacific Plan Really Offer an Avenue for Stronger and Deeper Regional Cooperation","authors":"Viliame Wilikilagi","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1628424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1628424","url":null,"abstract":"The Pacific Plan for Strengthening Regional Cooperation and Integration has been alluded to as an agreement by Forum Island Countries that will need stronger and deeper cooperation to emerge in order to mitigate and address the multiple complex challenges that the region faces. The Pacific Plan encapsulates the four broad strategic goals of the Pacific Forum related to economic growth, sustainable development, governance and security. The whole emphasis of the Plan is to enhance living standards, provide a platform for Pacific people to develop and grow and ensure that the process is sustainable and viable. The Pacific Plan was adopted by Forum Island Leaders in Port Moresby in 2005 as the basis for regional cooperation and integration that will hopefully bring about stronger and deeper cooperation as a pathway for managing our common externalities whether positive or negative by initiating harmonized domestic policies that align to the broader objectives as set out in the Pacific Plan. This essay will look at the origins and the evolution of the Pacific Plan; what are the criticisms that have been leveled at the plan itself and the process of formulating the plan; and the impact that it has had on regionalism with a specific focus on whether the plan will bring about the stronger and deeper cooperation that has been forwarded as the impetus needed for the Forum Island Countries to be able to remain a viable part of the international trend of organizing into regional blocs in order to influence the global agenda.","PeriodicalId":236062,"journal":{"name":"Political Institutions: International Institutions eJournal","volume":"324 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120908706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The European Union and the Financial Crisis: A State of Play (L'Union Européenne AU Chevet De La Crise Financière: Un État Des Lieux) (French) 《欧盟与金融危机:游戏状态》(The European Union and The Financial Crisis: A State of Play)

Political Institutions: International Institutions eJournal Pub Date : 2010-04-12 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1588094

Gaetane Schaeken Willemaers, Damien Gerard

{"title":"The European Union and the Financial Crisis: A State of Play (L'Union Européenne AU Chevet De La Crise Financière: Un État Des Lieux) (French)","authors":"Gaetane Schaeken Willemaers, Damien Gerard","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1588094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1588094","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union was once portrayed as powerless in the face of the financial crisis. In fact, as apparent from this contribution, it has been at the forefront of the coordination of the rescue plans designed by the Member States and of the reform of the financial system. Those two aspects are dealt with successively, with no other ambition than to report on the current stage of the European Union’s involvement in the management of the crisis. The first part deals with the reliance on State aid rules as a tool of economic policy coordination. It shows how the enforcement of those rules has mirrored the development of the financial crisis and outlines the conditions imposed on the clearance of state guarantees and recapitalisation plans. The second part deals with the reforms of the regulatory framework applicable to the financial sector in the EU, in the aftermath of the de Larosiere report. In doing so, it presents succinctly new regulations and pending proposals designed to make up for the substantive weaknesses highlighted by the crisis, and sketches the contours of the restructuring of the EU financial supervisory system.","PeriodicalId":236062,"journal":{"name":"Political Institutions: International Institutions eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129539966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent Progress in the Development of a Protocol on the Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products 制定烟草制品非法贸易议定书的最新进展

Political Institutions: International Institutions eJournal Pub Date : 2010-03-26 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1578820

N. Boister

{"title":"Recent Progress in the Development of a Protocol on the Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products","authors":"N. Boister","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1578820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1578820","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews the development to date of the draft Protocol on the Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products currently under negotiation as a supplement to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. It suggests that diversion from the licit trade into the illicit trade is the main target of the draft Protocol. It examines the process of development of the draft Protocol from the Expert’s Template through the various drafts produced by the International Negotiating Body in Geneva in the first three rounds of negotiations held in 2008 and 2009. The article suggests that the European Community’s agreement with the Tobacco Company Phillip Morris International has served as a model for many of the regulatory provisions in the Draft Protocol. The article identifies tracking and tracing, licensing and due diligence as the three main tools to be used to prevent diversion, and sets out the problems and progress of negotiations in regard to each. The article also sets out the main criminal justice provisions, modelled on existing provisions in crime control conventions, and examines the difficulties around criminalisation of tobacco related offences and the inclusion of a set of complex provisions for international procedural cooperation. Finally, the article speculates on the prospects for successful adoption of a protocol in the final stages of the negotiating process.","PeriodicalId":236062,"journal":{"name":"Political Institutions: International Institutions eJournal","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134560077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Influence of the Religion upon Competitiveness of EU 宗教对欧盟竞争力的影响

Political Institutions: International Institutions eJournal Pub Date : 2010-03-04 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1564635

Aurelian-Petru Plopeanu

引用次数: 0

IOs as Norms Platforms: The World Bank’s Influence on Environmental Lending at the Islamic Development Bank 国际组织作为规范平台:世界银行对伊斯兰开发银行环境贷款的影响

Political Institutions: International Institutions eJournal Pub Date : 2010-01-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1449259

D. Nielson, Christopher O'Keefe

{"title":"IOs as Norms Platforms: The World Bank’s Influence on Environmental Lending at the Islamic Development Bank","authors":"D. Nielson, Christopher O'Keefe","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1449259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1449259","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we explore the proposition that changes in international organization (IO) behavior might derive from the IO’s interactions with other IOs. Norm diffusion across IOs may take place via socialization by the norm entrepreneur—which, in early stages, may rely on material incentives or may occur as the norm adopter emulates the norm initiator. We also address non-IO sources of norms: member states and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). We extend theories of norm diffusion by applying them to interactions between international organizations. We test the hypotheses that derive from this approach using a statistical analysis of Islamic Development Bank (IDB) environmental lending. The IDB provides an ideal setting to evaluate our hypotheses: the originators of most global norms, the advanced industrial democracies, do not have voting shares on the Islamic bank’s executive board. This allows us to focus on the effects of global norms diffused by IOs where the industrial democracies are the most powerful members from the effects of the preferences of IO’s member states, who jointly form the collective principal of the IDB. We find evidence for socialization to IOs through non-material and non-delegated mechanisms. Specifically, international organizations can be socialized through common institutional memberships as well through example of normatively powerful organizations.","PeriodicalId":236062,"journal":{"name":"Political Institutions: International Institutions eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125966560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4