Volume 2: 41st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE)最新文献_第6页

A Zero-Trust Methodology for Security of Complex Systems With Machine Learning Components 具有机器学习组件的复杂系统安全的零信任方法

Volume 2: 41st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE) Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.1115/detc2021-70442

Britta Hale, Douglas L. Van Bossuyt, N. Papakonstantinou, B. O’Halloran

{"title":"A Zero-Trust Methodology for Security of Complex Systems With Machine Learning Components","authors":"Britta Hale, Douglas L. Van Bossuyt, N. Papakonstantinou, B. O’Halloran","doi":"10.1115/detc2021-70442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-70442","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Fuelled by recent technological advances, Machine Learning (ML) is being introduced to safety and security-critical applications like defence systems, financial systems, and autonomous machines. ML components can be used either for processing input data and/or for decision making. The response time and success rate demands are very high and this means that the deployed training algorithms often produce complex models that are not readable and verifiable by humans (like multi layer neural networks). Due to the complexity of these models, achieving complete testing coverage is in most cases not realistically possible. This raises security threats related to the ML components presenting unpredictable behavior due to malicious manipulation (backdoor attacks). This paper proposes a methodology based on established security principles like Zero-Trust and defence-in-depth to help prevent and mitigate the consequences of security threats including ones emerging from ML-based components. The methodology is demonstrated on a case study of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with a sophisticated Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) module.","PeriodicalId":23602,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: 41st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE)","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86547297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Creating Virtual Reality Teaching Modules for Low-Cost Headsets 为低成本耳机创建虚拟现实教学模块

Volume 2: 41st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE) Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.1115/detc2021-72084

Takudzwa Mujuru, C. López

{"title":"Creating Virtual Reality Teaching Modules for Low-Cost Headsets","authors":"Takudzwa Mujuru, C. López","doi":"10.1115/detc2021-72084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-72084","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the past few years, remote learning has been on a trend of steady growth and it is projected to remain on that course in the years to come. Additionally, the global COVID-19 pandemic forced a shift to remote learning which accelerated the existing trend to remote education. Unfortunately, learners find remote classes less engaging than traditional face-to-face classes. One technology that has shown great potential to improve students’ engagement, both in face-to-face classes and remote classes, is Virtual Reality (VR). Nevertheless, while educators are no longer limited to expensive, high-tech, and high-fidelity VR hardware thanks to the introduction of low-cost, low fidelity headset, like the Google Cardboard, educators are still limited in getting relevant content and find it difficult to create their own VR teaching modules. With the objective to address these limitations, this work introduces a new process to create VR content that is easy, rapid, and affordable for educators to adopt and implement into their curriculum. The results indicate great potential for low-cost VR in remote learning as the sample of students in this study reported that they enjoyed the ‘first-hand experience’ of touring places that were inaccessible to them due to the pandemic. However, the findings also show a strong need to address usability issues such as blurriness and dizziness.","PeriodicalId":23602,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: 41st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE)","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84147311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

An Algorithm for Partitioning Objects Into a Cube Skeleton and Segmented Shell Covers for Parallelized Additive Manufacturing 并行增材制造中物体划分为立方体骨架和分段壳盖的算法

Volume 2: 41st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE) Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.1115/detc2021-69326

Wilson Li, Thomas Poozhikala, Mahmoud Dinar

{"title":"An Algorithm for Partitioning Objects Into a Cube Skeleton and Segmented Shell Covers for Parallelized Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Wilson Li, Thomas Poozhikala, Mahmoud Dinar","doi":"10.1115/detc2021-69326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-69326","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Despite a growing application of additive manufacturing, build volume has limited the size of fabricated parts. Machines that can produce large-scale parts in whole have high costs and less commercially available. A workaround is to partition the desired part into smaller partitions which can be manufactured in parallel, with the added benefit of controlling process parameters for each partition independently and reducing manufacturing time. This paper proposes an approach that divides a part into a cube skeleton covered by shell segments where all components can be fabricated with smaller 3D printers. The proposed algorithm first hollows out the original fully dense part to a user-specified thickness, then partitions the part into 26 surrounding regions using the six faces of the maximally inscribed cube (or cuboid). Islands, i.e., small, disconnected partitions within each region, are combined with the smallest neighbor to create up to 26 connected partitions. To minimize the number of printed partitions, the connected partitions are ranked based on their volume and combined with their smallest neighbor in pairs in descending order, while ensuring each pair fits within a pre-selected build volume of available 3D printers. The final partitioned shell segments, the cube (or cuboid) center, and the secondary layer of cubes propagated from the face centers of the maximally inscribed cube are generated by the algorithm. Results of two cases are shown.","PeriodicalId":23602,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: 41st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE)","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73638047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatigue Detection for Human Aware Adaptation in Human-Robot Collaboration 人机协作中人类感知适应的疲劳检测

Volume 2: 41st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE) Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.1115/detc2021-70975

Rakesh Suresh Kumar, S. Jujjavarapu, Lung Hao Lee, E. Esfahani

{"title":"Fatigue Detection for Human Aware Adaptation in Human-Robot Collaboration","authors":"Rakesh Suresh Kumar, S. Jujjavarapu, Lung Hao Lee, E. Esfahani","doi":"10.1115/detc2021-70975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-70975","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Knowledge about human cognitive and physical state is a key factor in physical Human-robot collaboration (pHRC). Such information benefits the robot in planning an adaptive control strategy to prevent or mitigate human fatigue. In this paper, we present a method to detect upper limb muscle fatigue during pHRC using a low-cost myoelectric sensor. We used Riemann geometry to extract robust features from the time-series data and designed a classifier to detect the binary state of human fatigue i.e. fatigued vs not fatigued. We evaluated the method using a fine-motor coordination task for the human to guide an industrial robot along a virtual path for sometime followed by a muscle curl exercise until it induces fatigue in the muscles, and then repeat the robot experiment. We recruited nine participants for the study and recorded muscle activity from their dominant upper limb using the myoelectric sensor and used the data to develop a classifier. We compared the accuracy and robustness of the classifier against conventional time-domain and wavelet-based features and showed that Riemann geometry-based features yield higher classification accuracy (∼ 91%) compared to conventional features and require less computational effort. Such classifier can be used in real-time to develop a human-aware adaptation strategy to prevent fatigue.","PeriodicalId":23602,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: 41st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE)","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76558338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Virtual Reality Exergames: Promoting Physical Health Among Industry Workers 虚拟现实运动游戏:促进工业工人的身体健康

Volume 2: 41st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE) Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.1115/detc2021-67608

Thomas Stranick, C. López

{"title":"Virtual Reality Exergames: Promoting Physical Health Among Industry Workers","authors":"Thomas Stranick, C. López","doi":"10.1115/detc2021-67608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-67608","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This work introduces a Virtual Reality (VR) Exergame application to prevent Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs). WMSDs are an important issue that can have a direct economic impact since they can injure workers, who are then forced to take time off. Exercise and stretching is one method that can benefit workers’ muscles and help prevent WMSDs. While several applications have been developed to prevent WMSDs, most of the existing applications suffer from a lack of immersivity or just focus on education and not necessarily helping workers warm-up or stretch. Hence, this work presents an Exergame application that leverages VR and Depth-sensor technology to help provide users with an immersive first-person experience. The objective of the VR Exergame is to encourage and motivate users to perform full-body movements in order to pass through a series of obstacles. The application implements a variety of game elements to help motivate users to play the game and stretch. While in the game, users can visualize their motions by controlling the virtual avatar with their body movements. It is expected that this immersivity will motivate and encourage the users. Initial findings show the positive effects that the base exergame has on individuals’ motivation and physical activity level. The results indicate that the application was able to engage individuals in low-intensity exercises that produced significant and consistent increases in their heart rate. Lastly, this work explores the development and benefits that this VR Exergame could bring by motivating workers and preventing WMSDs.","PeriodicalId":23602,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: 41st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE)","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77127806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fuzzy Evaluation of Kansei Attributes Using Convolutional Neural Networks 基于卷积神经网络的感性属性模糊评价

Volume 2: 41st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE) Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.1115/detc2021-69567

Jiang-Shu Wei, Kai Zhang, Wu Zhao, Xin Guo

引用次数: 1

The Human Error and Functional Failure Reasoning Framework: How Does It Scale? 人为错误和功能故障推理框架:如何扩展?

Volume 2: 41st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE) Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.1115/detc2021-71839

Lukman Irshad, H. Demirel, I. Tumer

{"title":"The Human Error and Functional Failure Reasoning Framework: How Does It Scale?","authors":"Lukman Irshad, H. Demirel, I. Tumer","doi":"10.1115/detc2021-71839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-71839","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The goal of this research is to demonstrate the applicability of the Human Error and Functional Failure Reasoning (HEFFR) framework to complex engineered systems. Human errors are cited as a root cause of a majority of accidents and performance losses in complex engineered systems. However, a closer look would reveal that such mishaps are often caused by complex interactions between human fallibilities, component vulnerabilities, and poor design. Hence, there is a growing call for risk assessments to analyze human errors and component failures in combination. The HEFFR framework was developed to enable such combined risk assessments. Until now, this framework has only been applied to simple problems, and it is prone to be computationally heavy as complexity increases. In this research, we introduce a modular HEFFR assessment approach as means of managing the complexity and computational costs of the HEFFR simulations of complex engineered systems. Then, we validate the proposed approach by testing the consistency of the HEFFR results between modular and integral assessments and between different module partitioning assessments. Next, we perform a risk assessment of a train locomotive using the modular approach to demonstrate the applicability of the HEFFR framework to complex engineered systems. The results show that the proposed modular approach can produce consistent results while reducing complexity and computational costs. Also, the results from the train locomotive HEFFR analysis show that the modular assessments can be used to produce risk insights similar to integral assessments but with a modular context.","PeriodicalId":23602,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: 41st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE)","volume":"216 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75606140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Orthopedic Bone-Drilling Assessment Through Laplacian-Based Trajectory Noise Characterization 基于拉普拉斯轨迹噪声表征的骨科骨钻孔评估

Volume 2: 41st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE) Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.1115/detc2021-70654

Ronak R. Mohanty, S. Vyas, Aman Nigam, Bruce L. Tai, Vinayak R. Krishnamurthy

{"title":"Orthopedic Bone-Drilling Assessment Through Laplacian-Based Trajectory Noise Characterization","authors":"Ronak R. Mohanty, S. Vyas, Aman Nigam, Bruce L. Tai, Vinayak R. Krishnamurthy","doi":"10.1115/detc2021-70654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-70654","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Assessment techniques for orthopedics training are primarily subjective, and often based on qualitative metrics. In this paper, we propose an analytical approach for the quantitative assessment of orthopedic surgery training, specifically, bone drilling. Our goal in this paper is to help improve orthopedics training by providing a means to assess the resident training progress. To this end, we introduce a novel metric that assigns a unique signature to an individual’s drilling activity based on their drilling trajectory, and we compare it with the signatures of expert surgeons. We conduct a simple bone-drilling experiment with surgeons (experts) and novice users on a hybrid (physical - digital) setup consisting of 3D printed bone surrogates that emulate physical and perceptual properties of a human bone across the young and old age groups. We create expert models using our drilling signature metric to evaluate drilling performance for novice users with respect to expert orthopedic surgeons. Our preliminary analysis of drilling signatures across expert and novice users showcases a perceivable distinction across two different bone types highlighting some fundamental insights on the drilling setup, bone material, and user response to each bone type. Our results indicate that the drilling signature helps capture not only a novice user’s drilling behavior, but also their relative expertise as they progress with training.","PeriodicalId":23602,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: 41st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE)","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74711975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Engineering Document Summarization Using Sentence Representations Generated by Bidirectional Language Model 基于双向语言模型生成的句子表示的工程文档摘要

Volume 2: 41st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE) Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.1115/detc2021-70866

Y. Qiu, Yan Jin

{"title":"Engineering Document Summarization Using Sentence Representations Generated by Bidirectional Language Model","authors":"Y. Qiu, Yan Jin","doi":"10.1115/detc2021-70866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-70866","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, the extractive summarization using sentence embeddings generated by the finetuned BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) models and the K-Means clustering method has been investigated. To show how the BERT model can capture the knowledge in specific domains like engineering design and what it can produce after being finetuned based on domain-specific datasets, several BERT models are trained, and the sentence embeddings extracted from the finetuned models are used to generate summaries of a set of papers. Different evaluation methods are then applied to measure the quality of summarization results. Both the automatic evaluation method like Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) and the statistical evaluation method are used for the comparison study. The results indicate that the BERT model finetuned with a larger dataset can generate summaries with more domain terminologies than the pretrained BERT model. Moreover, the summaries generated by BERT models have more contents overlapping with original documents than those obtained through other popular non-BERT-based models. It can be concluded that the contextualized representations generated by BERT-based models can capture information in text and have better performance in applications like text summarizations after being trained by domain-specific datasets.","PeriodicalId":23602,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: 41st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE)","volume":"298 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79638391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Calibration of Parallel Kinematic Machine Based on Stewart Platform – A Literature Review 基于Stewart平台的并联机构标定——文献综述

Volume 2: 41st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE) Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.1115/detc2021-71619

Sourabh Karmakar, Apurva Patel, C. Turner

{"title":"Calibration of Parallel Kinematic Machine Based on Stewart Platform – A Literature Review","authors":"Sourabh Karmakar, Apurva Patel, C. Turner","doi":"10.1115/detc2021-71619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-71619","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Stewart platform-based Parallel Kinematic Machines (PKM) have been extensively studied by researchers due to their inherent finer control characteristics. This has opened its potential deployment opportunities in versatile critical applications like the medical field, engineering machines, space research, electronic chip manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, etc. All these precise, complicated, and repeatable motion applications require micro and nano-scale movement control in 3D space; a 6-DOF PKM can take this challenge smartly. For this, the PKM must be more accurate than the desired application accuracy level and thus proper calibration for a PKM robot is essential. Forward kinematics-based calibration for such hexapod machines becomes unnecessarily complex and inverse kinematics complete this task with much ease. To analyze different techniques, an external instrument-based, constraint-based, and auto or self-calibration-based approaches have been used for calibration. This survey has been done by reviewing these key methodologies, their outcome, and important points related to inverse kinematic-based PKM calibrations in general. It is observed in this study that the researchers focused on improving the accuracy of the platform position and orientation considering the errors contributed by a single source or multiple sources. The error sources considered are mainly structural, in some cases, environmental factors are also considered, however, these calibrations are done under no-load conditions. This study aims to understand the current state of the art in this field and to expand the scope for other researchers in further exploration in a specific area.","PeriodicalId":23602,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: 41st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE)","volume":"223 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79018429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0