Wildlife Monographs最新文献_第5页

Issue Information – Editorial Board 发行信息-编辑委员会

IF 4.4 1区生物学

Wildlife Monographs Pub Date : 2018-10-23 DOI: 10.1002/wmon.1037

引用次数: 0

Issue Information – Editorial Board 发行信息-编辑委员会

IF 4.4 1区生物学

Wildlife Monographs Pub Date : 2018-10-23 DOI: 10.1002/wmon.1038

引用次数: 0

Issue Information – Cover 发行资料-封面

IF 4.4 1区生物学

Wildlife Monographs Pub Date : 2018-10-23 DOI: 10.1002/wmon.1036

引用次数: 0

Dedication page/photo 奉献页面/照片

IF 4.4 1区生物学

Wildlife Monographs Pub Date : 2017-06-26 DOI: 10.1002/wmon.1027

引用次数: 0

Effects of control on the dynamics of an adjacent protected wolf population in interior Alaska 控制对阿拉斯加内陆邻近受保护狼种群动态的影响

IF 4.4 1区生物学

Wildlife Monographs Pub Date : 2017-06-26 DOI: 10.1002/wmon.1026

Joshua H. Schmidt, John W. Burch, Margaret C. MacCluskie

{"title":"Effects of control on the dynamics of an adjacent protected wolf population in interior Alaska","authors":"Joshua H. Schmidt, John W. Burch, Margaret C. MacCluskie","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Long-term wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) research programs have provided many insights into wolf population dynamics. Understanding the mechanisms controlling responses of wolf populations to changes in density, environmental conditions, and human-caused mortality are important as wolf management becomes increasingly intensive. Competition with humans for ungulate prey has led to large-scale wolf control programs, particularly in Alaska, and although wolf populations may sustain relatively high (e.g., 22–29%) rates of conventional harvest, control programs are specifically designed to have lasting population-level effects.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the broader impacts of wolf control efforts on the surrounding area is of particular concern for conservation agencies such as the United States National Park Service, whose mandates generally preclude the artificial reduction of populations of native predators, particularly for the primary purpose of increasing available prey biomass for human harvest. Detailed assessments of the factors influencing population vital rates (i.e., survival, natality, dispersal) and population trajectory in the context of control efforts are critical for understanding complex ecological relationships between wolves and their prey and informing management of each. Using a long-term dataset and a powerful new integrated modeling approach, we assessed the effects of wolf control on the dynamics of a monitored wolf population residing primarily within an adjacent protected area where wolf control activities were prohibited.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We monitored wolf population dynamics in Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve (YUCH) in interior Alaska, USA for 22 years (1993–2014). During our study, 2 large-scale wolf control programs were implemented in the surrounding area with the primary goal of increasing the size of the Fortymile caribou herd. We used known-fate data based on relocations of marked wolves and repeated counts of associated pack mates to estimate survival, dispersal, and natality rates. We jointly analyzed these data using an integrated modeling approach, thereby providing inference to the entire resident, pack-dwelling population of wolves using YUCH. Apparent survival (i.e., including mortalities and dispersals) was lower in the study area during the lethal control period, indicating a direct additive effect of control despite the prohibition of control efforts inside YUCH boundaries. Apparent survival was higher in years following winters with above-average snowfall, corresponding with a predicted increase in ungulate prey vulnerability the following year. Extraterritorial forays were associated with lower apparent survival rates, particularly after the initiation of lethal wolf control in the surrounding area. In general, mortalities tended to occur evenly throughout the year, whe","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"198 1","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2017-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wmon.1026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5834588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Long-term demography of the Northern Goshawk in a variable environment 变化环境下北苍鹰的长期人口统计

IF 4.4 1区生物学

Wildlife Monographs Pub Date : 2017-04-26 DOI: 10.1002/wmon.1023

Richard T. Reynolds, Jeffrey S. Lambert, Curtis H. Flather, Gary C. White, Benjamin J. Bird, L. Scott Baggett, Carrie Lambert, Shelley Bayard De Volo

{"title":"Long-term demography of the Northern Goshawk in a variable environment","authors":"Richard T. Reynolds, Jeffrey S. Lambert, Curtis H. Flather, Gary C. White, Benjamin J. Bird, L. Scott Baggett, Carrie Lambert, Shelley Bayard De Volo","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Nearctic northern goshawk (<i>Accipiter gentilis atricapillis</i>) is a resident of conifer, broadleaf, and mixed forests from the boreal to the southwestern montane regions of North America. We report on a 20-year mark-recapture investigation (1991–2010) of the distribution and density of breeders, temporal and spatial variability in breeding, nestling sex ratios, local versus immigrant recruitment of breeders, breeding age structure, age-specific survival rates, and rate of population change (λ) of this species on the Kaibab Plateau, a forested sky island in northern Arizona, USA. We used an information-theoretic approach to rank models representing alternative hypotheses about the influence of annual fluctuations in precipitation on the annual frequency of goshawk breeding and fledgling production. We studied 125 goshawk breeding territories, representing approximately 87% of an estimated 144 total territories based on a mean distance of 3.8 km between territory centers in a 1,728-km<sup>2</sup> study area. The salient demographic feature of the population was extensive annual variation in breeding, which manifested as large inter-annual variation in proportions of pairs laying eggs, brood sizes, nest failure rates, and fledgling production. The percent of territories known in a prior year in which eggs were laid in a current year ranged from 8% to 86% ( = 37%, SE = 4.51), annual mean nest failure rate (active nests that failed) ranged from 12% to 48% (overall = 23%, SE = 2.48), and mean annual brood size of successful nests (fledged ≥1 fledgling) ranged from 1.5 young to 2.5 young (overall = 2.0 young, SE = 0.03). Inter-annual variation in reproduction closely tracked inter-annual variation in precipitation, which we hypothesize influenced primary forest productivity and bird and mammal prey abundance. The best breeding years (1992–1993, 77–87% of pairs laid eggs) were coincident with a record-long El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) wet period and the worst breeding year (2003; 8% of pairs laid eggs) was the last of a 3-year record drought. Overall breeding success was 83% with most failures occurring during incubation; once eggs hatched, goshawks tended to fledge young. The pooled 20-year nestling sex ratio did not differ from unity (53% M; <i>n</i> = 410 M, 366 F) but was significantly male-biased in 2 years and female-biased in 1 year. Nonetheless, the overall greater production of male fledglings followed a strong trend of greater male production in other goshawk populations, suggesting that breeders might have been adaptively adjusting their offspring sex ratio, perhaps to produce more of the rarer (male) sex. Annual recruitment of new individuals into the breeding population averaged 43% during the study. Study area recruitment rate of hawks locally born (<i>in situ</i>) and banded was 0.12. Both sexes had equal tendencies to return to the Kaibab Plateau to ","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"197 1","pages":"1-40"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wmon.1023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5829005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Biological and social outcomes of antler point restriction harvest regulations for white-tailed deer 白尾鹿鹿角限制采收制度的生物学和社会效益

IF 4.4 1区生物学

Wildlife Monographs Pub Date : 2017-01-23 DOI: 10.1002/wmon.1022

Bret D. Wallingford, Duane R. Diefenbach, Eric S. Long, Christopher S. Rosenberry, Gary L. Alt

{"title":"Biological and social outcomes of antler point restriction harvest regulations for white-tailed deer","authors":"Bret D. Wallingford, Duane R. Diefenbach, Eric S. Long, Christopher S. Rosenberry, Gary L. Alt","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Selective harvest criteria, such as antler point restrictions (APRs), have been used to regulate harvest of male ungulates; however, comprehensive evaluation of the biological and social responses to this management strategy is lacking. In 2002, Pennsylvania adopted new APRs for white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) that required, depending on wildlife management unit, ≥3 or ≥4 points on 1 antler for legal harvest. Historically, harvest rates of subadult (1.5 yr old) and adult (≥2.5 yr old) antlered males averaged 0.80. Antler point restrictions were designed to protect ≥50% of subadult males from harvest. Most adult males remained legal for harvest. We estimated harvest rates, survival rates, and cause-specific mortality of radio-collared male deer (453 subadults, 103 adults) in 2 wildlife management units (Armstrong and Centre counties) to evaluate biological efficacy of APRs to increase recruitment of adult males during 2002–2005. We administered statewide deer hunter surveys before and after each hunting season over the same 3 years to evaluate hunter attitudes toward APRs. We conducted 2 types of surveys: a simple random sample of all license buyers for each survey and a longitudinal panel of hunters who completed all 6 surveys. At the same time APRs were implemented, the Pennsylvania Game Commission (PGC) increased antlerless harvests to reduce deer density to meet deer management goals.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Survival rates varied by month and age but not between study areas or among years after implementation of APRs. Monthly survival rates for subadults ranged from 0.64 to 0.97 during hunting seasons and 0.95 to 0.99 during the non-hunting period. Annual survival of subadults was 0.46 (95% CI = 0.41–0.52). Adult monthly survival rates ranged from 0.36 to 0.95 during hunting seasons and we had no mortalities during the non-hunting period. Annual survival of adults was 0.28 (95% CI = 0.22–0.35). Antler point restrictions successfully reduced harvest rate for subadults to 0.31 (95% CI = 0.23–0.38), and approximately 92% of these deer survived to the following hunting season. Vehicle collisions were the greatest source of mortality outside the hunting season for subadults and adults. Also, we observed decreased harvest rates for adults (0.59, 95% CI = 0.40–0.72), although nearly all were legal for harvest. Of radio-collared subadults, 6–11% were harvested with sub-legal antlers, indicating hunters generally complied with APRs. Overall, antlered harvest declined statewide and in our study areas, in part because of APRs but also because of increased antlerless harvests that reduced the statewide population from 1.49 million deer in 2000 to 1.14 million deer in 2005. However, between 2000 and 2005, harvest of adult males increased by 976 (112%) in Armstrong County, decreased by 29 (−3%) in Centre County, and increased by 14,285 (29%) statewide because ","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"196 1","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wmon.1022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5788586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Dedication 奉献

IF 4.4 1区生物学

Wildlife Monographs Pub Date : 2016-10-20 DOI: 10.1002/wmon.1021

引用次数: 0

Nutritional ecology of elk during summer and autumn in the Pacific Northwest 西北太平洋地区夏季和秋季麋鹿的营养生态

IF 4.4 1区生物学

Wildlife Monographs Pub Date : 2016-10-20 DOI: 10.1002/wmon.1020

John G. Cook, Rachel C. Cook, Ronald W. Davis, Larry L. Irwin

{"title":"Nutritional ecology of elk during summer and autumn in the Pacific Northwest","authors":"John G. Cook, Rachel C. Cook, Ronald W. Davis, Larry L. Irwin","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elk (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) in the western United States are an economically and socially valuable wildlife species. They have featured species status for federal land management planning; hence, considerable modeling focused on habitat evaluation and land management planning has been undertaken for elk. The extent to which these and other habitat models for large ungulates account for influences of nutritional resources varies greatly, probably because of varying recognition of the importance of nutrition and uncertainty about how to measure and model nutrition. Our primary goals were to 1) develop greater understanding of how habitat conditions influence foraging dynamics and nutrition of elk in summer and autumn; and 2) illustrate an ecological framework for evaluating and predicting nutritional resources so that nutritional needs of elk can be integrated within landscape-scale plans, population models, and habitat evaluation models. We evaluated foraging responses of elk to clearcut logging and commercial thinning, forest succession, and season across ecological site potentials. We also identified the extent to which plant communities satisfied nutritional requirements of lactating female elk and their calves. Our study was conducted in the temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest on industrial and public timberlands.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We evaluated relations between habitat conditions and elk nutrition in plant communities representing a range in stand age and ecological conditions at 3 study areas, 1 near the Canadian border in the north Cascades Mountains (Nooksack), 1 in the Coast range southwest of Olympia, Washington (Willapa Hills), and the third in the central Cascades near Springfield, Oregon (Springfield), from late June to November, 2000–2002. In 98–143 macroplots per study area, we measured forage abundance by plant species, digestible energy content by plant life-form group, and forest overstory. In a subset of these macroplots (∼30 per study area), we held 4 tame lactating elk with calves in electrified pens (<i>n</i> = 15–25 adult elk per year), and sampled activity budgets, dietary composition, forage selection, and other measures of foraging behavior; dietary digestible energy (DE; kcal/g) and protein (DP; %) levels; and intake rates of these nutrients. In 15 of these pens, we held elk for extended periods (13–21 days) to monitor changes in body fat of adults and growth of calves. We developed equations to predict dietary DE and DP and per-minute intake rates of each in a nutrition prediction model that reflected vegetation attributes and ecological site influences.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Total abundance of forage in the western hemlock series after clearcut logging in low to moderate elevations (≤1,000 m) ranged from a peak of 3,000–4,500 kg/ha in 5- to 10-year-old stands to 100–300 kg/ha in 20- to 50-year-old stands with onl","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"195 1","pages":"1-81"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2016-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wmon.1020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5748291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 68

Demographic rates and population viability of black bears in Louisiana 路易斯安那州黑熊的人口比率和种群生存能力

IF 4.4 1区生物学

Wildlife Monographs Pub Date : 2016-06-15 DOI: 10.1002/wmon.1018

Jared S. Laufenberg, Joseph D. Clark, Michael J. Hooker, Carrie L. Lowe, Kaitlin C. O'Connell-Goode, Jesse C. Troxler, Maria M. Davidson, Michael J. Chamberlain, Richard B. Chandler

{"title":"Demographic rates and population viability of black bears in Louisiana","authors":"Jared S. Laufenberg, Joseph D. Clark, Michael J. Hooker, Carrie L. Lowe, Kaitlin C. O'Connell-Goode, Jesse C. Troxler, Maria M. Davidson, Michael J. Chamberlain, Richard B. Chandler","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1018","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Louisiana black bear (<i>Ursus americanus luteolus</i>) was reduced to a few small, fragmented, and isolated subpopulations in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley by the mid-twentieth century resulting from loss and fragmentation of habitat. In 1992, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) granted the Louisiana black bear threatened status under the United States Endangered Species Act of 1973. Since that time, a recovery plan was developed, a reintroduced population was established, and habitat recovery has occurred. The Recovery Plan states that a minimum of 2 populations must be viable (i.e., persistence probabilities over 100 years >0.95), 1 in the Tensas River Basin and 1 in the Atchafalaya River Basin. Consequently, our objectives were to 1) estimate demographic rates of Louisiana black bear subpopulations, 2) develop data-driven stochastic population projection models, and 3) determine how different projection model assumptions affect population trajectories and predictions about long-term persistence. Our overall goal was to assess long-term persistence of the bear subpopulations in Louisiana, individually and as a whole. We collected data using varying combinations of non-invasive DNA sampling, live capture, winter den visits, and radio monitoring from 2002 to 2012 in the 4 areas currently supporting breeding subpopulations in Louisiana: Tensas River Basin (TRB), Upper Atchafalaya River Basin (UARB), Lower Atchafalaya River Basin (LARB), and a recently reintroduced population at the Three Rivers Complex (TRC). From 2002 to 2012, we radio monitored fates of 86 adult females within the TRB and 43 in the TRC. Mean estimates of annual adult survival for the TRB and TRC were 0.997 and 0.990, respectively, when unknown fates were assumed alive and 0.970 and 0.926 when unknown fates were assumed dead. From 2003 to 2013, we observed 130 cub litters from 74 females in the TRB, and 74 cub litters from 45 females in the TRC. During the same period, we observed 43 yearling litters for 33 females in the TRB and 21 yearling litters for 19 females in the TRC. The estimated number of cubs and number of yearlings produced per breeding adult female was 0.47 and 0.20, respectively, in the TRB and 0.32 and 0.18 in the TRC. On the basis of matrix projection models, asymptotic growth rates ranged from 1.053 to 1.078 for the TRB and from 1.005 to 1.062 for the TRC, depending on how we treated unresolved fates of adult females. Persistence probabilities estimated from stochastic population models based on telemetry data ranged from 0.997 to 0.998 for the TRC subpopulation depending on model assumptions and were >0.999 for the TRB regardless of model assumptions. We extracted DNA from hair collected at baited, barbed-wire enclosures in the TRB, UARB, and LARB to determine individual identities for capture-mark-recapture (CMR) analysis. We used those detection histori","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"194 1","pages":"1-37"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2016-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wmon.1018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6249395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 73