Wildlife Monographs最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing management of wildlife openings in forested landscapes for game birds and overall avian diversity\u0000 Optimizando la gestion de los claros forestales en paisajes de bosque para las aves de caza y la diversidad aviar general","authors":"Hannah L. Clipp, Christopher T. Rota, Catherine Johnson, Petra B. Wood","doi":"10.1002/wmon.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In forested landscapes of the Central Appalachians, wildlife openings are often created and maintained by land managers to provide early-successional habitat and food resources for game species, such as wild turkey (<i>Meleagris gallopavo</i>), ruffed grouse (<i>Bonasa umbellus</i>), and American woodcock (<i>Scolopax minor</i>). Although management may focus on these regionally important game birds, wildlife openings can also benefit a myriad of avian species and guilds, depending on local habitat features and landscape-level factors. Yet little effort has been made to investigate how to optimally manage wildlife openings to attract a full spectrum of avifauna throughout spring and summer and to maximize richness across habitat guilds. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of wildlife openings that support target game birds and a diversity of breeding and post-breeding songbirds. Specifically, we investigated the effects of local habitat attributes, opening size, management decisions, and landscape context on multi-species occupancy of 3 game birds (wild turkey, ruffed grouse, and American woodcock) during the game bird courtship season and songbird guild richness during the breeding and post-breeding seasons. During April–August 2019–2021, we used species-specific and community-wide point count surveys, game cameras, acoustic recording units, and transect surveys to sample avian communities in 335 wildlife openings within the Monongahela National Forest in West Virginia, USA. We incorporated multiple data sources for game bird occurrence into multi-species occupancy models, which were constructed within a Bayesian framework, and we used Bayesian hierarchical community models to calculate breeding and post-breeding songbird guild richness, followed by generalized linear mixed effects models to assess relationships with wildlife opening characteristics. Results from our game bird analyses indicated that wild turkey, ruffed grouse, and American woodcock occupancy probabilities were best explained by predictor variables relating primarily to management actions, such as mowing frequency, and secondarily to size and local habitat attributes of the wildlife openings, such as area, percent sapling cover, and elevation. Songbird guild richness also responded to area and elevation, with additional influence from predictor variables relating to landscape context. The songbird model results further indicated that it is feasible to manage wildlife openings for the mutual benefit of different species groups across seasons. Ultimately, these findings can be integrated into the design and management of wildlife openings to support target game bird populations and promote avian diversity in forest ecosystems.</p><p>En los paisajes de bosque de los Apalaches Centrales, los administradores de tierras suelen crear y mantener los claros forestales para proveer hábitat de sucesíon temprana y recursos de comida para especies de c","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"216 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/wmon.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.70002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"216 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/wmon.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1084","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"215 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/wmon.1084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141489012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between a feral equid and the Sonoran Desert ecosystem\u0000 Asociaciones Entre un Equino Salvaje y el Ecosistema del Desierto Sonorense","authors":"Esther S. Rubin, Dave Conrad, Larisa E. Harding, Brianna M. Russo","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of non-native herbivores on ecosystems and diversity has become a global concern in conservation. Management challenges associated with non-native free-roaming equids have existed for decades in a wide range of ecosystems yet have been difficult to resolve. Although much of the challenge is associated with non-biological considerations, empirical ecological research is crucial for guiding sound management decisions. We conducted a field study on the associations between feral burros (<i>Equus asinus</i>) and elements of the Sonoran Desert ecosystem in Arizona, USA, during 2017–2019. We identified areas with and without established burro herds, and collected data on vegetation, ungulate sign, small mammals, birds, and herpetofauna at multiple, randomly selected grids within these areas, while accounting for vegetation community and distance to water. We predicted that burros would be associated with differences in vegetation metrics such as lower ground cover, smaller perennial plant size, and lower plant density, foliage density, recruitment, and species richness among perennial native plants susceptible to burro foraging or trampling. We further predicted that these differences would be accompanied by lower density or relative abundance and lower species richness of small mammals, birds, and herpetofauna. Finally, because burro distribution has been documented to be associated with water in this arid landscape, we predicted that effects would be most pronounced near water. The results of our study did not consistently support our predictions, perhaps because of small sample sizes or, in several cases, inherent complexities associated with seasonal burro habitat use and plant phenology patterns. However, our study documented that the presence of this feral equid is associated with a number of key differences that may be ecologically important and have the potential to alter community structure in this sensitive arid ecosystem. In areas with established burro herds, we documented lower ground cover, plant density, foliage density, or smaller plant size in several species, and changes were often influenced by distance from water. For example, density of Engelmann's prickly pear cactus (<i>Opuntia engelmannii</i>) was 94% lower and Anderson wolfberry (<i>Lycium andersonii</i>) plants were 49% smaller in areas with established burro herds. In areas with burros, we also recorded lower density of white bursage (<i>Ambrosia dumosa</i>) in areas distant from water. Of notable concern was that our metric of recruitment indicated 63% lower recruitment in saguaro cactus (<i>Carnegiea gigantea</i>) and that foliage densities of yellow paloverde (<i>Parkinsonia microphylla</i>) and desert ironwood (<i>Olneya tesota</i>) were lower in areas with established burro herds. Data on some plant species did not support our predictions. For example, white bursage and Anderson wolfberry plants were found at similar densities in areas with and without esta","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"215 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/wmon.1083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"214 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/wmon.1082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139976507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Less is more: vegetation changes coincide with white-tailed deer suppression over thirty years","authors":"Joshua K. Pickering,&nbsp;Michael S. W. Bradstreet,&nbsp;D. Ryan Norris","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1081","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wmon.1081","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although ecological impacts of overabundant white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) are well documented in eastern North America, few studies have evaluated the long-term effects of adaptive deer population suppression after a period of overabundance. We examined vegetation community changes over a period of 30 years (1992–2021) on the Long Point Peninsula, Ontario, Canada following a &gt;85% reduction of a previously overabundant white-tailed deer population. We documented a significant increase in species diversity and shifts in the species composition of understory plants and woody vegetation. We then evaluated several hypotheses to explain these patterns. Our results provide support for the all-you-can-browse hypothesis, in which the abundance of woody stems above the browse layer did not increase within the first 3 years of sampling but, consistent within an expected period of recruitment, increased by &gt;1,500% from 1995–2021. We also found support for both the lawn maintenance hypothesis, with a significant decline in the proportional abundance of non-preferred species relative to preferred species, and for the seed bank hypothesis, with native species accounting for nearly 80% of new species observed over the sampling period. We conclude that the effective, long-term management and continued suppression of an previously overabundant white-tailed deer population can lead to increased vegetation community heterogeneity and diversity, which is likely one of the most important steps for the regeneration of woody stems and native vegetation communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"214 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139582412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"213 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/wmon.1079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41087637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Berries and bullets: influence of food and mortality risk on grizzly bears in British Columbia\u0000 Bayas y balas: influencia de la alimentación y el riesgo de mortalidad en los osos grizzly en la Columbia Británica\u0000 Des baies et des balles: influence de l'alimentation et risques de mortalité chez les ours grizzlys de la Colombie-Britannique","authors":"Michael F. Proctor,&nbsp;Clayton. T. Lamb,&nbsp;John Boulanger,&nbsp;A. Grant MacHutchon,&nbsp;Wayne F. Kasworm,&nbsp;David Paetkau,&nbsp;Cori L. Lausen,&nbsp;Eric C. Palm,&nbsp;Mark S. Boyce,&nbsp;Christopher Servheen","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1078","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The influence of bottom-up food resources and top-down mortality risk underlies the demographic trajectory of wildlife populations. For species of conservation concern, understanding the factors driving population dynamics is crucial to effective management and, ultimately, conservation. In southeastern British Columbia, Canada, populations of the mostly omnivorous grizzly bear (&lt;i&gt;Ursus arctos&lt;/i&gt;) are fragmented into a mosaic of small isolated or larger partially connected sub-populations. They obtain most of their energy from vegetative resources that are also influenced by human activities. Roads and associated motorized human access shape availability of food resources but also displace bears and facilitate human-caused mortality. Effective grizzly bear management requires an understanding of the relationship between habitat quality and mortality risk. We integrated analyses of bottom-up and top-down demographic parameters to understand and inform a comprehensive and efficient management paradigm across the region. Black huckleberry (&lt;i&gt;Vaccinium membranaceum&lt;/i&gt;) is the key high-energy food for grizzly bears in much of southeastern British Columbia. Little is known about where and why huckleberries grow into patches that are useful for grizzly bears (i.e., densely clustered fruiting shrubs that provide efficient access to high energy food) and how forage supply and mortality risk influence population vital rates. By following 43 grizzly bears tracked with global positioning system (GPS) collars (57 bear years) in a 14,236-km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; focal area spanning the Selkirk and Purcell mountain ranges, we developed a model to identify huckleberry patches from grizzly bear use data. Over 2 years we visited 512 sites used by bears, identifying more than 300 huckleberry patches. We used boosted regression tree modeling associating geophysical, ecological, soil, climate, and topographical variables with huckleberry patches. We integrated this modeled food layer depicting an important pre-hibernation resource, into broader bottom-up and top-down analyses. In addition to berries, we examined bottom-up variables indexing vegetative productivity that were previously found to be predictive of bear use (e.g., alpine, canopy cover, greenness, riparian). We also examined top-down variables including road presence, road density, distance-to-road, secure habitat (defined as 500 m away from a road open to vehicular access), highways, human development, and terrain ruggedness. We evaluated the relationship of these variables to female habitat selection, fitness, and population density, testing the predictability and interrelatedness of covariates relative to bottom-up and top-down influences. We estimated resource selection functions with 20,293 GPS telemetry locations collected over 10 years from 20 female grizzly bears. We modeled fitness using logistic regression of spatially explicit reproductive data derived from genetically identified family pedigrees c","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"213 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/wmon.1078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41087849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/wmon.1077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5688038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/wmon.1076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6024692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}