Wildlife Monographs最新文献

{"title":"Integrated Carnivore-Ungulate Management: A Case Study in West-Central Montana\u0000 Gestion Intégrée des Carnivores et des Cervidés: Une Étude de Cas dans le Centre-Ouest du Montana","authors":"Kelly M. Proffitt, Robert Garrott, Justin A. Gude, Mark Hebblewhite, Benjamin Jimenez, J. Terrill Paterson, Jay Rotella","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1056","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the effectiveness of harvest regulations to manipulate population abundances is a priority for wildlife managers, and reliable methods are needed to monitor populations. This is particularly true in controversial situations such as integrated carnivore-ungulate management. We used an observational before-after-control-treatment approach to evaluate a case study in west-central Montana, USA, that applied conservative ungulate harvest together with liberalized carnivore harvest to achieve short-term decreases in carnivore abundance and increases in ungulate recruitment. Our study areas included the Bitterroot treatment area and the Clark Fork control area, where mountain lion populations (<i>Felis concolor</i>) were managed for a 30% reduction and for stability, respectively. The goals of the mountain lion harvest were to provide a short-term reduction of mountain lion predation on elk (<i>Cervus canadensis</i>) calves and an increase in elk recruitment, elk population growth rate, and ultimately elk abundance. We estimated mountain lion population abundance in the Bitterroot treatment and Clark Fork control areas before and 4 years after implementation of the 2012 harvest treatment. We developed a multi-strata spatial capture-recapture model that integrated recapture and telemetry data to evaluate mountain lion population responses to harvest changes. Mountain lion abundance declined with increasing harvest in the Bitterroot treatment area from 161 (90% credible interval [CrI] = 104, 233) to 115 (CrI = 69, 173). The proportion of males changed from 0.50 (CrI = 0.33, 0.67) to 0.28 (CrI = 0.17, 0.40), which translated into a decline in the abundance of males, and similar abundances of females (before: males = 80 [CrI = 52, 116], females = 81 [CrI = 52, 117]; after: males = 33 [CrI = 20, 49], females = 82 [CrI = 49, 124]). In the Clark Fork control area, an area twice as large as the Bitterroot treatment area, we found no evidence of changes in overall abundance or proportion of males in the population. The proportion of males changed from 0.42 (CrI = 0.26, 0.58) to 0.39 (CrI = 0.25, 0.54), which translated into similar abundances of males and females (before: males = 24 [CrI = 16, 36], females = 33 [CrI = 21, 39]; after: males = 28 [CrI = 18, 41], females = 44 [CrI = 29, 64]). To evaluate if elk recruitment and population growth rate increased following treatment, we developed an integrated elk population model. We compared recruitment and population growth rate during the 5 years prior to and 5 years following implementation of the mountain lion harvest treatment for 2 elk populations within the Bitterroot treatment area and 2 elk populations within the Clark Fork control area. We found strong evidence that temporal trends differed between the 2 areas. In the Bitterroot treatment area, <i>per capita</i> elk recruitment was stable around an estimated median value of 0.23 (CrI = 0.17, 0.36) in the pre-treatme","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"206 1","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wmon.1056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5739791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"205 1","pages":"C1"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wmon.1025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6075812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Catastrophic Decline of Tortoises at a Fenced Natural Area","authors":"Kristin H. Berry, Julie L. Yee, Timothy A. Shields, Laura Stockton","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agassiz’s desert tortoise (<i>Gopherus agassizii</i>), a threatened species of the southwestern United States, has severely declined to the point where 76% of populations in critical habitat (Tortoise Conservation Areas) are below viability. The potential for rapid recovery of wild populations is low because females require 12–20 years to reach reproductive maturity and produce few eggs annually. We report on a 34-year mark-recapture study of tortoises initiated in 1979 at the Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area in the western Mojave Desert, California, USA, and provide substantive data on challenges faced by the species. In 1980, the United States Congress designated the Research Natural Area and protected the land from recreational vehicles, livestock grazing, and mining with a wildlife-permeable fence. The 7.77-km<sup>2</sup> study area, centered on interpretive facilities, included land both within the Natural Area and outside the fence. We expected greater benefits to accrue to the tortoises and habitat inside compared to outside. Our objectives were to conduct a demographic study, analyze and model changes in the tortoise population and habitat, and compare the effectiveness of fencing to protect populations and habitat inside the fence versus outside, where populations and habitat were unprotected. We conducted surveys in spring in each of 7 survey years from 1979, when the fence was under construction, through 2012. We compared populations inside to those outside the fence by survey year for changes in distribution, structure by size and relative age, sex ratios, death rates of adults, and causes of death for all sizes of tortoises. We used a Bayesian implementation of a Jolly Seber model for mark-recapture data. We modeled detection, density, growth and transition of tortoises to larger size-age classes, movements from inside the protective fence to outside and vice versa, and survival. After the second and subsequent survey years, we added surveys to monitor vegetation and habitat changes, conduct health assessments, and collect data on counts of predators and predator sign. At the beginning of the study, counts and densities for all sizes of tortoises were high, but densities were approximately 24% higher inside the fence than outside. By 2002, the low point in densities, densities had declined 90% inside the fence and 95% outside. Between 2002 and 2012, the population inside the fence showed signs of improving with a 54% increase in density. Outside the fence, densities remained low. At the end of the study, when we considered the initial differences in location, densities inside the fence were roughly 2.5 times higher than outside. The pattern of densities was similar for male and female adults. When evaluating survival by blocks of years, survivorship was higher in 1979–1989 than in 1989–2002 (the low point) and highest from 2002 to 2012. Recruitment and survival of adult females into the population was important for growing th","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"205 1","pages":"1-53"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wmon.1052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6084757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ABSTRACTS OF THE EUROPEAN VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING (EVDI) CONGRESS, BASEL, SWITZERLAND, AUGUST 21-AUGUST 24, 2019.","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/vru.12818","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.12818","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"159 1","pages":"85-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72417867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"204 1","pages":"C1"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wmon.1050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6229294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - Editorial Board","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"204 1","pages":"C2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wmon.1049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5831528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dedication page/photo","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"204 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wmon.1045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6229295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Maternal Penning to Improve Calf Survival in the Chisana Caribou Herd\u0000 Évaluation des Enclos de Maternité pour Améliorer la Survie des Faons du Troupeau de Caribous Chisana","authors":"Layne G. Adams, Richard Farnell, Michelle P. Oakley, Thomas S. Jung, Lorne L. Larocque, Grant M. Lortie, Jamie Mclelland, Mason E. Reid, Gretchen H. Roffler, Don E. Russell","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Predation is a major limiting factor for most small sedentary caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) populations, particularly those that are threatened or endangered across the southern extent of the species’ range. Thus, reducing predation impacts is often a management goal for improving the status of small caribou populations, and lethal predator removal is the primary approach that has been applied. Given that predator control programs are often contentious, other management options that can garner broader public acceptance need to be considered.</p><p>Substantial calf losses to predation in the few weeks following birth are common for these small caribou populations. Therefore, we employed a novel experimental approach of maternal penning with the goal of reducing early calf mortality in the Chisana Caribou Herd, a declining population in southwest Yukon and adjacent Alaska thought to number around 300 individuals. Maternal penning entailed temporarily holding pregnant females on their native range in a large pen secure from predators from late March through the initial weeks of calf rearing to mid-June. During 2003–2006, we conducted 4 annual penning trials with 17–50 pregnant females each year (<i>n</i> = 146 total), assessed survival of calves born in the pens, and evaluated survival and nutritional effects of penning for females that were held. We also investigated the herd's population dynamics during 2003–2008 to determine effects of maternal penning on calf recruitment and population growth. In addition to information gained during maternal penning, we determined natality and survival patterns via radiotelemetry, conducted autumn age-sex composition surveys each year, and censused the population in mid-October 2003, 2005, and 2007. Based on our penning trials and demographic investigations, we used simulation models to evaluate the effects of maternal penning relative to a population's inherent growth rate (finite rate of increase [λ] without maternal penning) and penning effort (proportion of calves born in penning) to provide perspective on utility of this approach for improving the status of small imperiled caribou populations.</p><p>Pregnant females held in maternal penning tolerated captivity well in that they exhibited positive nutritional responses to <i>ad libitum</i> feed we provided and higher survival than free-ranging females (0.993 and 0.951 for penned and free-ranging females, respectively). Survival of pen calves from birth to mid-June was substantially higher than that of free-ranging calves ( = 0.950 and 0.376, respectively). This initial period accounted for 76% of the annual calf mortality in the free-ranging population. Pen-born calves maintained their survival advantage over wild-born calves to the end of their first year ( = 0.575 and 0.192, respectively) during years penning occurred.</p><p>Females in the Chisana Herd were highly productive with 57% producing their first offspring at 2 years of age, and annual na","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"204 1","pages":"5-46"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wmon.1044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6215115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photo page","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"204 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wmon.1048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6231764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photo page","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":235,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Monographs","volume":"203 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wmon.1043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5775289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}