Urologia Journal最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of acupuncture combined with cross-moxibustion in the treatment of patients with severe overactive bladder.","authors":"Xiaogang Guo, Xiaojun Guo, Pingping Hu, Tao Han, Wentao Gai, Yuanyuan Yu, Xuechao Lu","doi":"10.1177/03915603251327833","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603251327833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined with cross-moxibustion in patients with severe overactive bladder (OAB).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>OAB patients from August 2018 to July 2023 were collected, and 101 severe OAB patients were selected based on the Overactive Bladder Symptom Scale (OABSS) score. The patients were divided into three groups according to their treatment methods, including 33 cases of behavioral therapy group, 32 cases were in the acupoint acupuncture group, and 36 cases were in the acupuncture combined with cross-moxibustion group. The treatment outcomes of the three groups were evaluated through the OABSS score, and the quality of life (QOL) was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 101 patients with severe OAB, no statistical differences in age and gender were observed among the three groups of treatments. The treatment effects were evaluated using the OABSS score and it was found that behavioral treatment was basically ineffective. In contrast, both acupuncture and acupuncture combined with cross-moxibustion had significant differences via comparing at pre-post treatment periods, which the OABSS score decreased by 3.25 ± 1.83 and 7.83 ± 1.34 respectively, suggesting that acupuncture combined with cross-moxibustion is more effective than acupuncture group alone. The patient's quality of life was further evaluated through QOL scores, and the results showed that while the acupuncture group was effective, acupuncture combined with cross-moxibustion improved more significantly.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of acupuncture and moxibustion is the most effective treatment for patients with severe overactive bladder.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"536-543"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting the success of intravesical onabotulinum toxin A injection in the treatment of refractory idiopathic overactive bladder.","authors":"Recep Burak Degirmentepe, Mehmet Gokhan Culha, Musab Umeyir Karakanli, Kenan Sabuncu, Emre Can Polat, Caner Baran, Alper Otunctemur","doi":"10.1177/03915603251334081","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603251334081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Onabotulinum toxin A injection is recommended for overactive bladder (OAB) resistant to medical treatments. However, success is not universal, and factors influencing outcomes remain unclear. This study evaluates the factors affecting the success of onabotulinum toxin A injection in refractory idiopathic OAB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from patients with resistant idiopathic OAB treated with 100 IU onabotulinum toxin A (BOTOX^®, Allergan, Dublin, Ireland) between January 2019 and August 2023 were analyzed. Demographic data and symptom duration were recorded. Patients were evaluated pre- and post-procedure using the overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) and 3-day bladder diaries. A ⩾50% improvement in OABSS was considered treatment success. Botox was injected at 20 sites (5 IU per site) via 22 Fr rigid cystoscope under sedoanalgesia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 210 patients (80.5% female, <i>n</i> = 169) with a mean age of 53.76 ± 14.90 years were included. Symptom duration averaged 39.82 ± 22.28 months. Wet OAB was diagnosed in 83.3% (<i>n</i> = 175), while 16.7% (<i>n</i> = 35) had dry OAB. Pre-procedure mean OABSS was 9.18 ± 1.31, daily micturition 8.67 ± 1.52, urge incontinence 2.57 ± 1.28, nocturia 1.87 ± 0.75, and pad use 2.44 ± 1.24/day. Treatment success was achieved in 82.4% (<i>n</i> = 173).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The degree of patient complaints, particularly daily micturition frequency, significantly affects treatment success. Patients with higher daily micturition may require advanced interventions beyond Botox.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"544-549"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between thyroid disorders and the Risk of developing prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Daniel Andrés Nieva-Posso, Valeria Perea Ocampo, Daniel Alfonso Nieva Posso, Herney Andrés García-Perdomo","doi":"10.1177/03915603251336971","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603251336971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the association between thyroid disorders and the Risk of developing prostate cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted this review following the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration and the PRISMA Statement. From the moment to the present, we have conducted a search strategy using MEDLINE, WEB OF SCIENCE, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR. We included cohort and case-control studies that examined the relationship between thyroid disorders and the Risk of developing prostate cancer. We assessed the Risk of bias using the Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment scale. Meta-analysis was conducted in Review Manager 5.4.1 (Revman^®).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included nine studies in the analysis. The studies included were classified into two groups: those that studied hypothyroidism and those that studied hyperthyroidism. The results showed no association between thyroid abnormalities and prostate cancer risk, with an HR of 1.05 (95% CI: 0.90-1.22). Hyperthyroidism also showed no association with an HR 1.64 (95% CI: 1.00-2.69), characterized by increased serum T4 and decreased TSH. There was also no significant association with hypothyroidism, with an HR of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.67-1.10).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thyroid disorders were not associated with the Risk of developing prostate cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"369-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nephrostomy (PCN) versus nephroureteral stent (Double JJ); An ongoing battle.","authors":"Mohammad Ghasemi-Rad, Kelly Trinh, David Wynne, Mohadese Ahmadzade, Muhammad Hamza Shamim, Omar Guerrero, Ashley Bancroft, Shreya Ranganath, David Leon","doi":"10.1177/03915603251316702","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603251316702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the realm of medical procedures for urinary obstructions, a distinct division of roles is evident: the vast majority of percutaneous nephrostomies (PCNs) are the domain of Interventional Radiology (IR), while the placement of double J stents (JJ stents) falls squarely under Urology. This division, however, is not without its complexities. When confronted with a patient suffering from a urinary obstruction, the decision-making process can become intricate. The underlying cause often fuels the debate: should IR intervene with a PCN, or should Urology place a JJ stent? Such decisions have profound implications for the individual patient.In this comprehensive review, we aim to compare the utilization of PCN to that of JJS in a variety of clinical settings and evaluate their indications, relative efficacies, and potential complications to ascertain whether one procedure outperforms the other.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"424-431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12287553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erectile dysfunction in railway station workers: A randomized study of different treatment approaches.","authors":"Arkhipova Anzhelika, Neymark Boris, Neymark Alexandr, Tyshkevich Georgy, Morozov Andrey, Korolev Dmitry, Rapoport Leonid, Spivak Leonid, Momot Andrey","doi":"10.1177/03915603251334076","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603251334076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The profession of a locomotive engineer involves stress, lack of adequate sleep and rest, and a sedentary lifestyle, all of which can contribute to the development of erectile dysfunction (ErD) as well as arterial hypertension.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Consecutive patients of the railway hospital in Barnaul with arterial hypertension aged 30-60 who work as machinists or assistant locomotive drivers were enrolled. Those who have symptoms of ErD were randomized into three groups: group 1 received an endogenous nitric oxide-synthase (NOS) activator, group 2 received a combination of endogenous NOS activator and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE-5i), and group 3 received no additional treatment for ErD. 20 individuals belonged to the control group without ErD. A follow-up was conducted after 2 and 4 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 85 individuals were examined (65 with symptoms of ErD). After 2 months of treatment, no significant changes in biomarkers and LDF (laser Doppler flowmetry) values were observed in groups 1 and 3. In group 2, ET-1 (endothelin-1) and hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) returned to reference levels, and ischemic manifestations decreased. After 4 months, group 1 had increased mean blood flow and hs-CRP returned to reference levels. Group 2 showed improved microhemodynamics and biomarkers values. Group 2 patients had a higher IIEF and ICF total scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of hypotensive drugs, PDE-5i, and NOS activator was the most effective method of treatment, improving hemodynamics and reparative properties of the endothelium by removing the substrate for thrombus formation. Treatment with an NO-synthase activator was shown to partially eliminate pathological processes in the endothelium.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"503-508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of FLRT3 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.","authors":"Jiongming Wang, Zhouzhou Xie, Shansen Peng, Yueting Huang, Baitong Chen, Nanhui Chen","doi":"10.1177/03915603251319944","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603251319944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>FLRT3 is a member of the fibronectin leucine-rich transmembrane protein family, which regulates cell-cell adhesion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the role of FLRT3 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unknown; therefore, we explored the potential role of FLRT3 in ccRCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed FLRT3 expression levels in ccRCC tissues across multiple databases. We examined the relationship between FLRT3 expression and EMT through single-cell data and transcriptional regulatory network analyses. Additionally, we investigated the association between FLRT3 expression levels and various clinicopathological indicators, compared the impact of FLRT3 expression on patient prognosis, and constructed a nomogram prognostic model. Furthermore, we performed enrichment analyses on differentially expressed genes to reveal potential biological functions and mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FLRT3 expression levels were significantly lower in ccRCC tissues compared to normal kidney tissues and progressively decreased with advancing pathological stages and grades. FLRT3 mediated the promotion of EMT by transcription factor ATF4; survival analysis indicated that patients with high FLRT3 expression had significantly better overall survival compared to those with low FLRT3 expression. Enrichment analysis revealed that FLRT3 was associated with epithelial cell differentiation, retinol metabolic processes, and collagen-containing extracellular matrix.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FLRT3 expression is downregulated in ccRCC and may promote EMT through transcription factor ATF4. Downregulation of FLRT3 is associated with poor prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"383-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical management of kidney cancer with associated vena cava tumor thrombus: A single-center multidisciplinary experience.","authors":"Vito Lorusso, Franco Palmisano, Valentina Bernasconi, Alessandra De Ponti, Chiara Vaccaro, Monica Contino, Antonio Maria Granata, Giacomo Piero Incarbone, Maria Chiara Sighinolfi, Bernardo Rocco, Andrea Gregori","doi":"10.1177/03915603251331358","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603251331358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Kidney cancer (KC) with vena cava thrombus (VCT) is a rare but challenging disease. Surgery is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study is to report outcomes of patients with KC and VCT treated at our institution.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed data from 15 patients who underwent surgical treatment for KC with VCT at our institution between January 2004 and December 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median age of patients was 70 years (range: 66-77 years) and 13 (86%) were males. The level of thrombus was infrahepatic in 11 patients (73%), retrohepatic in 1 case (6%), and atrial in 3 patients (20%). Radical nephrectomy with vena cava thrombectomy was performed in all patients. Cardiopulmonary bypass was required in three patients (20%). The median operative time was 4.2 h (range: 4.0-4.6 h) and median estimated blood loss was 675 ml (range: 300-1500 ml). Postoperatively, eight patients (53%) experienced complications, and 5 (62%) were Clavien-Dindo >3. After a median follow-up of 15 months (range: 10-49 months), seven patients (46.5%) were alive without evidence of disease, one was alive with disease, among the remainder 7 (46.5%), 5/7 (72%) patients died of other causes, only 2/7 (28%) died because of cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surgical resection of KC involving VCT represents a challenge for its high rate of complications. Multidisciplinary approach is often needed to achieve radicality safely. Oncological outcomes confirm the aggressiveness of the disease, with only roughly half (46.5%) of patients alive without disease at a median follow-up of 15 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"394-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation - Comparison of intravesical versus extravesical techniques in the management of unilateral primary vesicoureteral reflux in children: Does approach matter?","authors":"Anupam Shukla, Kunj B Patel, Himanshu Raj, Priyank Yadav, Mohammed Suleh Ansari","doi":"10.1177/03915603251321984","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603251321984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims/introduction: </strong>Laparoscopic extravesical and intravesical (transvesicoscopic) ureteral reimplantation are widely accepted procedures but there is limited literature on comparison of these techniques. This study compares the efficacy and outcomes of laparoscopic intravesical and extravesical ureteral reimplantation for unilateral primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively analysed the case records of 62 children between ages of 1 and 18 years who underwent laparoscopic unilateral ureteral reimplantation at our institute between January 2019 and January 2023. Patients divided into two groups; those who underwent laparoscopic intravesical ureteric reimplantation were Group A and those who underwent laparoscopic extravesical ureteric reimplantation were Group B. We analysed the blood investigations, pre- and post-operative grade of reflux, operative time, complications, analgesic requirements, and pre- and post-operative nuclear scans. The success of surgery was defined as the resolution of VUR on voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) performed 6 months post operatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>24 patients were in Group A and 38 patients in Group B. The mean age and grades of reflux were comparable in the groups. The difference in operative time was statistically significant (Group A: 131.3 ± 30.4 min and Group B: 96 ± 20.4 min, <i>p</i> = 0.009). The success rate (95.8% vs 94.7%), complication rate (16.7% vs 15.7%), time to discharge (2.6 vs 3.3 days) of both group was comparable. Less analgesics were needed in intravesical group (186 vs 204 mg/kg) though it was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.22).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Laparoscopic ureteric reimplantation by both extravesical and intravesical route is equally safe and effective with similar efficacy, outcome and comparable acceptable complication rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"479-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the analgesic effect of a combination of oral acetaminophen and oxycodone after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL).","authors":"Leila Zareian Baghdadabad, Abdolreza Mohammadi, Iman Menbari Oskouie, Farshid Alaeddini, Hirad Farajidavar, Leonardo Oliveira Reis, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Aghamir","doi":"10.1177/03915603251317046","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603251317046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed to compare the effects of suppository diclofenac (an example of NSAIDs) and oral administration of the combination of oxycodone (an example of an opioid) and acetaminophen in managing pain in patients with renal colic after SWL treatment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The current study is a double-blind clinical trial involving individuals scheduled to receive elective SWL therapy for kidney and ureteral stones. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups using the block randomization technique: suppository Diclofenac (100 mg) or a combination of 325 mg Acetaminophen + 5 mg oxycodone administered orally for pain relief following SWL. Pain intensity was measured immediately after the SWL procedure, and analgesics were then given to the patients. After 30 min, pain severity was reassessed. The severity of pain in patients was documented before and after drug administration at 24, 48, and 72 h after the SWL intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>154 renal stone patients (63 females) underwent SWL with a mean age of 41.52 ± 10.52 years. The two groups were similar in terms of age (<i>p</i> = 0.572), sex (<i>p</i> = 0.212), location of the stone (<i>p</i> = 0.868), size of the stone (<i>p</i> = 0.762), and occurrence of complication (<i>p</i> = 0.302). There was no significant difference in the reduction of pain severity between the two groups after 30 min (<i>p</i> = 0.224), 2 days (<i>p</i> = 0.501), and 3 days (<i>p</i> = 0.229) following SWL intervention. However, after a 24-h follow-up, pain severity decreased more in the diclofenac group compared to the other group (<i>p</i> = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of oxycodone and acetaminophen, including a multimodal analgesic approach, can be considered a preferred option in the clinical setting for pain management of patients undergoing SWL. It provides relief for patients as effectively as NSAIDs, with the same safety profile, leading to high patient satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"439-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient tolerance during rigid cystoscopy: An observational study comparing lignocaine hydrochloride gel and tramadol with lignocaine.","authors":"Kumar Rajiv Ranjan, Kuryappilly Venugopal Vishnu Sankar, Debansu Sarkar, Dilip Kumar Pal","doi":"10.1177/03915603251316703","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603251316703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In the field of urology, cystoscopy is one of the most common operations. A rigid cystoscope was used for each cystoscopy in this investigation. Given its dual function as a lubricant and local anesthetic, topical lignocaine gel is the most often utilized agent. However, there is currently no established protocol that evaluates the patient's tolerance to lignocaine gel alone or in conjunction with tramadol throughout the treatment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>It was a prospective comparative observational study with 200 male participants, conducted at the department of urology, a tertiary care hospital. Male patients who came for rigid cystoscopy were divided into 2 groups. In Group A (<i>n</i> = 100) 10 ml 2% lignocaine gel and in group B (<i>n</i> = 100) 1 ml tramadol (50 mg) solution added to +10 ml 2% lignocaine gel and it was instilled transurethrally 10 min before the procedure respectively in both groups at room temperature. The patient's tolerance during the procedure was assessed using Visual Analog Score (VAS) score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Group A and Group B there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age (<i>p</i> = 0.393). There was a significant difference in terms of VAS score (<i>p</i> = < 0.001), with the median Score being lower in the Lignocaine gel + tramadol group and higher when lignocaine gel + tramadol used among patients with Diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The instillation of lignocaine gel in conjunction with tramadol in urethra could decrease pain perception during the procedure except in people with diabetes mellitus, hence make men undergoing rigid cystoscopy more comfortable during the procedure there by increase diagnostic and therapeutic outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"401-405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}