Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Peripheral stent thrombosis: Impact of anticoagulation strategies and diagnostic role of platelet aggregometry.","authors":"Christian Bradaric, Cornelius Kramer, Arne M Müller, Isabell Bernlochner, Bernhard Haller, Andre Kafka, Marcus Brugger, Katharina Bergmann, Salvatore Cassese, Adnan Kastrati, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz, Tareq Ibrahim","doi":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a001300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Stent thrombosis (ST) is a rare but serious complication following peripheral endovascular interventions. The prognostic role of high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) and the optimal antithrombotic strategy, including adjunctive anticoagulation, remain unclear. To evaluate (I) the prognostic value of ADP-induced platelet function in femoropopliteal ST compared to matched controls, and (II) the impact of post-ST oral anticoagulation (OAC) on clinical outcomes. <i>Materials and methods:</i> In this retrospective cohort study, 148 endovascular procedures in 67 patients with documented femoropopliteal ST were compared to 492 matched procedures without ST. Propensity-score-matching for age, sex, and lesion length/type yielded 113 pairs. ADP-induced platelet aggregation was assessed and compared between groups. Within the ST cohort, 12-month outcomes were additionally stratified according to the postprocedural antithrombotic regimen, with or without oral anticoagulation (OAC). Time-to-reintervention was analysed via Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression. <i>Results:</i> ADP-induced platelet reactivity did not differ significantly between ST and control groups (p = .58). Additionally, among ST patients, postprocedural OAC use had no significant impact on 12-month target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.57-1.62; p = .90), with consistent findings across subgroups (VKA, standard-/low-dose NOAC). <i>Conclusions:</i> In this matched cohort, ADP-induced platelet reactivity did not differ significantly in patients with femoropopliteal stent thrombosis compared to controls. Similarly, no consistent benefit of specific anticoagulation strategies on 12-month target lesion revascularization was observed. Therefore, these findings do not support routine platelet function testing or intensified anticoagulation solely based on a history of ST.</p>","PeriodicalId":23528,"journal":{"name":"Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for unwarranted variation in care and how it impacts guidelines - a neglected phenomenon?","authors":"Christian-Alexander Behrendt, Christos Rammos, Joakim Nordanstig","doi":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a001292","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23528,"journal":{"name":"Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower LDL-c/ApoB ratio is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes and advanced peripheral artery disease.","authors":"Sanjiv Keller, Xhyljeta Luta, Lucia Mazzolai","doi":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a001287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels and low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c)/ApoB ratio have emerged as potential more accurate markers of cardiovascular (CV) risk, than LDL-c concentration alone. However, prognostic values in predicting CV outcomes, including major adverse cardiac and limb events (MACE and MALE) in peripheral artery disease (PAD) remains to be elucidated. Aim is to assess weather correlations exist between lipid parameters and PAD outcomes. <i>Patients and methods:</i> Consecutive PAD patient's first visit data from the Peripheral ARTEry Disease (PARTED) registry (2022-2024) were analysed. Demographic, clinical variables, and lipid parameters (LDL-c, Lp(a) and ApoB concentrations) were collected at time of inclusion. PAD patients were stratified in tertiles based on LDLc/ApoB ratio values. MACE and MALE outcomes arising prior to study inclusion were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. <i>Results:</i> A total of 339 chronic PAD patients were included. <i>M</i>_age was 71 years, 68% were males. <i>M</i> LDL-c concentration was 1.9 mmol/L, and only 27% of patients were on target (LDL-c ≤ 1.4 mmol/L). Significant association with prior MACE was found in the lowest and intermediate LDL-c/ApoB tertile group (low: OR 2.09, C-I 1.04-4.21, p < .05; intermediate: OR 2.06, C-I 1.04-4.09, p < .05) while no significant association was found between past MACE and LDL-c or ApoB tertiles. <i>Conclusions:</i> Lower LDL-c/ApoB ratios (LAR) remained associated with prior MACE after multivariable adjustment, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive lipid profile assessment. Whether LAR tracks with treatment intensification or retains associative value with historical events needs to be clarified.</p>","PeriodicalId":23528,"journal":{"name":"Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endovascular salvage of distal infrainguinal bypass anastomotic stenosis following thrombectomy using a heparin-bonded covered stent.","authors":"Yassine Haddad, Konstantinos Stavroulakis, Panagiotis Doukas, Ralf Schröter, Abdelrahman Alshaikhahmed, Mohamed Serdah, Natasha Hasemaki","doi":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a001297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> To evaluate the outcomes of occluded lower limb bypass grafts treated by surgical thrombectomy and heparin-bonded covered stent graft deployment for distal anastomotic stenosis. <i>Materials and methods:</i> This was a single-centre, retrospective, single-arm study including consecutive patients with occluded infrainguinal bypass grafts treated between January 2020 and December 2024 with surgical thrombectomy followed by endovascular reconstruction of the distal anastomosis using a heparin-bonded covered stent graft. The primary endpoint was primary patency. Secondary endpoints were secondary patency, freedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR), mortality, and major amputation. <i>Results:</i> Thirty-two patients were included. Most patients presented with acute limb ischaemia (59.4%), followed by chronic limb-threatening ischaemia and claudication. Twenty-nine patients (90.6%) had a previously placed prosthetic bypass. Median hospital stay was 11 days (9-21). Intensive care unit treatment was required in 31%, while in-hospital morbidity and mortality were 34% and 9%, respectively. Primary patency at 3, 6, and 12 months was 55%, 49%, and 33%. Secondary patency at 12 months was 42%, freedom from TLR 43%, survival 80%, and freedom from major amputation 89%. <i>Conclusions:</i> In this high-risk cohort, surgical thrombectomy followed by covered stent graft reconstruction of distal anastomotic stenosis was associated with limited primary patency and frequent reintervention. These findings should be interpreted as descriptive outcomes of a complex hybrid bypass salvage strategy rather than isolated covered stent graft performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23528,"journal":{"name":"Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148319437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of venous thromboembolism in France - a nationwide clinical practice survey among vascular medicine specialists.","authors":"Simon Soudet, Guillaume Mahé, Tristan Mirault, Marie-Antoinette Sevestre, Jean-Philippe Galanaud","doi":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a001295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> In routine clinical practice, patient's management may differ from scientific organizations' guidelines and compromise patient's safety. This discrepancy indicates either an educational gap to fill or a need to adapt the guidelines to better reflect the real-world practice. <i>Aims:</i> Describe the management of venous thromboembolism (VTE): deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) among Vascular Medicine Specialists (VMS) practicing in France between 2020 and 2023 and compare it to national and international VTE guidelines. <i>Materials and methods:</i> A random selection of VMS from the national VMS directory were asked to 1) complete a questionnaire on their own management of patients with VTE (VMS survey) and 2) report their personal management of five consecutive patients with acute VTE (VTE case series). The study period partly overlapped with the COVID-19 pandemic, during which outpatient management strategies were increasingly promoted. <i>Results:</i> Among the 163 VMS contacted, 85 agreed to participate. We found that a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) was preferentially prescribed as first line anticoagulant in VTE: 65% in the VTE case series and 80% in the VMS survey. Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) was preferred in case of high-risk PE (60%) or ilio-femoral DVT (35%) and in cancer-associated thrombosis (91%) in the VMS survey. After the first 6 months therapy, 30% of the VMS taper to a reduced-dose DOAC. This management was consistent with the VTE case series. <i>Conclusions:</i> DOAC is the standard of care to treat most VTE conditions in routine clinical practice, in line with VTE guidelines. LMWH is still preferred in case of high risk-PE and cancer-associated thrombosis. ECS use to prevent post-thrombotic syndrome remains frequent after DVT. Outpatient management of PE was common during the study period, reflecting evolving care models that were reinforced during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":23528,"journal":{"name":"Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148319408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal ablation length for effective treatment of great saphenous vein insufficiency.","authors":"Hakan Guven","doi":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a001288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Endovenous ablation methods are commonly used to treat great saphenous vein (GSV) insufficiency. However, great saphenous vein is also a valuable resource in vascular surgery. Therefore, it is important to perform minimal saphenous ablation. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal length of saphenous ablation in treatment. <i>Patients and methods:</i> This retrospective study was performed by measuring preoperative and postoperative venous haemodynamic parameters using plethysmography in 614 patients who required endovenous ablation. Only the segment of great saphenous vein was ablated, where the diameter was superior to 5.5 mm in standing position, starting 1 cm below the saphenofemoral junction. Patients were divided into four groups based on the length of the ablated saphenous vein at the end of 12- month. The study aimed to investigate the optimum length of ablation in dilated and insufficient GSV to preserve the GSV and improve venous haemodynamics. <i>Results:</i> The <i>M</i>_age of 614 patients included in the study was 55.78 ± 15.27 years, of which 379 (61.7%) were female and 235 (38.3%) were male. A statistically significant improvement was observed in the haemodynamic values measured by plethysmography after Endo Venous Laser Ablation (p < .001). However, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups of different lengths in terms of these variables. <i>Conclusions:</i> Endo Venous Laser Ablation effectively treats great saphenous vein insufficiency. To protect the saphenous vein, ablation of only 10 cm from the junction of the saphenous vein may improve venous haemodynamics and reduce patient complaints. Strain gauge-venous occlusion plethysmography and similar methods can be used in conjunction with Doppler ultrasonography to assess venous haemodynamics and determine the optimal treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23528,"journal":{"name":"Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148319441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early discharge and home treatment after acute pulmonary embolism.","authors":"Lukas Hobohm, Giacomo Turatti, Benedetta Madaro, Nikolaos Tsaftaridis, Riccardo M Fumagalli, Karsten Keller, Christos Rammos, Alice Sacco, Claudia Colombo, Stefano Barco, Marco Zuin","doi":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a001296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> Early identification of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) who can be safely managed in the outpatient setting has become a central priority in contemporary clinical practice. While haemodynamic instability mandates urgent reperfusion, most patients are hemodynamically stable at admission and therefore require refined risk stratification to guide therapeutic decisions and determine the appropriate level of care. The 2019 European Society of Cardiology guidelines emphasise the importance of identifying low-risk patients who may be eligible for early discharge (within 24-48 h) and home-based anticoagulation. Over the past decade, substantial progress has been made in validating clinical, biochemical, and haemodynamic criteria capable of reliably stratifying low-risk patients. The introduction of direct oral anticoagulants further simplified anticoagulation pathways, enabling shorter hospital stays and safer outpatient management. Nevertheless, the implementation of early discharge and outpatient treatment strategies remains highly heterogeneous across countries, reflecting variations in national recommendations, healthcare system organisation, and resource availability. This review aims to synthesise the current evidence on outpatient management of acute PE, with a focus on risk-stratification strategies, cost-effectiveness considerations, and contemporary guideline recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23528,"journal":{"name":"Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148278983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term outcomes of covered versus bare metal stents in the reconstruction of the aortic bifurcation.","authors":"Arsalan Wafi, Athanasios Saratzis, Giovanni Torsello, Robert Davies, Bella Hausen, Maria Antonella Ruffino, Konstantinos Stavroulakis, Hany Zayed","doi":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a001294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> To report long-term outcomes following stenting for aortoiliac occlusive disease, focusing on covered stents (CS) versus bare metal stents (BMS) in a real-world, multicentre European cohort. <i>Design:</i> Multicentre retrospective cohort study. <i>Patients and methods:</i> Prospectively maintained data from nine European vascular centres (2012-2020) were analysed. Two cohorts were evaluated: aortic-only stenting and aortoiliac stenting (stratified as CS/CS, CS/BMS, BMS/CS, and BMS/BMS). Primary outcomes were target lesion revascularisation (TLR), major amputation, and mortality, with median follow-up of 75 months. Cox regression and propensity score matching were performed to adjust for baseline anatomical and procedural differences between stent types. <i>Results:</i> A total of 201 patients were included (50% male, mean age 65 years, 34% with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia). In the aortic-only subgroup (n = 46), outcomes were comparable between CS and BMS. Among aortoiliac reconstructions (n = 155), patients treated with CS/CS had greater anatomical complexity, including higher prevalence of iliac chronic total occlusions, longer lesions, and heavier calcification. Independent predictors of TLR included iliac chronic total occlusion, subintimal aortic recanalization, and concomitant common femoral endarterectomy. After propensity score adjustment, there remained no significant difference in TLR (28/155), major amputation (4/155), or mortality (30/155) between CS/CS and BMS/BMS groups. <i>Conclusions:</i> CS was preferentially employed in more complex aortoiliac occlusive disease and achieved outcomes equivalent to BMS after adjustment for lesion severity using propensity score methods. These findings reinforce that operator selection patterns and lesion complexity, rather than stent type alone, influence the clinical outcomes, underscoring the need for individualised stent selection strategies in advanced aortoiliac disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23528,"journal":{"name":"Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148278943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recoil, dissection, and restenosis in Below-The-Knee (BTK) arteries following standard balloon angioplasty.","authors":"Michael Lichtenberg, Lorenzo Patrone, Christos Rammos, Konstantinos Stavroulakis, Charles Bailey, Justin Herbert, Richard Fulton","doi":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001254","DOIUrl":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a growing health problem, with symptoms ranging from intermittent claudication to chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). Balloon angioplasty in below-the-knee (BTK) PAD lesions is the mainstay treatment procedure but still a challenging one, given the heterogeneity in the patient population, multivessel and multilevel involvement, small-vessel size, long lesions (up to 40 cm), calcium burden, and lower flow rates with or without impaired runoff. The technical success of balloon angioplasty is often subverted by flow-limiting dissections, recoil with early restenosis. This review will explore current guidelines, revascularization anatomical planning, interventional approaches, and possible solutions to avoid the feared dissection, recoil and restenosis that our patients currently face.</p>","PeriodicalId":23528,"journal":{"name":"Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"259-268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145542801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive factors and models for major adverse cardiovascular and limb events in patients with peripheral arterial disease.","authors":"Pan Song, Huarong Xiong, Xiaoyan Quan, Qin Chen, Dan Wang, Xiaoyu Liu, Meihong Shi","doi":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001228","DOIUrl":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001228","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular and limb events. However, the factors influencing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE) in patients with PAD remain unclear. Additionally, while some predictive models for MACE and MALE in patients with PAD have been developed, their performance is uncertain. This systematic review aims to identify the factors influencing MACE and MALE in patients with PAD and to systematically evaluate existing predictive models. &lt;i&gt;Materials and methods:&lt;/i&gt; We conducted a literature search in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify studies exploring risk factors for MACE and MALE, as well as predictive models for these outcomes. Data extraction focused on study design, patient demographics, reported influencing factors (e.g., clinical, biochemical), and characteristics of predictive models (e.g., variables, validation methods, performance metrics). We specifically evaluated the methodological quality and risk of bias of the identified predictive models using established tools such as PROBAST (Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool). This study aimed to synthesize evidence on determinants of MACE and MALE and critically appraise existing prediction models to inform future research and clinical decision-making. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; One hundred and sixteen studies reported factors influencing MACE in patients with PAD. Six studies developed or validated predictive models. Three models were rated as having low risk of bias across all domains, while the other three had unclear or high risk of bias in at least one domain. A total of 118 influencing factors associated with MACE were identified. Common factors included: demographic characteristics (age, smoking); (2) comorbidities (diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary artery disease (CAD), prior stroke, heart failure); (3) clinical measures (body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP)); (4) diagnostic indicators (ankle-brachial index (ABI), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum creatinine); (5) medication use (statins); and (6) classification systems (Rutherford classification, Fontaine classification). Fifty-five studies reported factors influencing MALE in patients with PAD. Six studies developed or validated predictive models. Three models were rated as having low risk of bias across all domains, while the other three had unclear or high risk of bias in at least one domain. A total of 88 influencing factors were identified. Common factors across most studies included demographic characteristics (age, smoking, socioeconomic status), comorbid conditions (DM, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease), clinical factors (degree of frailty, BMI), diagnostic indicators (hemoglobin, serum creatinine, serum albumin), medication use (statin), and other factors (Wound, Ischemia, a","PeriodicalId":23528,"journal":{"name":"Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"245-258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}