{"title":"Hardware-in-loop Experimental Verifications for Hourly Dispatching Solar PV Power with Battery Energy Storage","authors":"M. Rana, Pranoy Roy","doi":"10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187036","url":null,"abstract":"This study demonstrates a dispatching scheme of a solar power system for a specific dispatching horizon for an entire day utilizing a battery energy storage system (BESS). This paper also presents a control hardware-in-the loop (CHIL) based test system for validating the proposed BESS controller for dispatching the photovoltaic (PV) power. The CHIL has been utilized to justify the proposed BESS controller performance under various scenarios of the BESS charging-discharging for tracking the desired grid reference power (PGrid, ref). For the CHIL, the PV farm is modeled in the real-time digital simulator (RTDS), and the BESS controller is designed in the digital signal processor (DSP). In this research, the power converter connected to the BESS is controlled by the DSP, which is coupled between the gigabit transceiver analogue output (GTAO) card and the gigabit transceiver digital input (GTDI) card in the RTDS interface boards.","PeriodicalId":234784,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122017361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oluwaseun A. Badewa, A. Mohammadi, Donovin D. Lewis, D. Ionel, S. Essakiappan, M. Manjrekar
{"title":"Optimization of an Electric Vehicle Traction Motor with a PM Flux Intensifying Stator and a Reluctance Outer Rotor","authors":"Oluwaseun A. Badewa, A. Mohammadi, Donovin D. Lewis, D. Ionel, S. Essakiappan, M. Manjrekar","doi":"10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186958","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel electric motor concept using stator-embedded phase coils and permanent magnets (PM). A unique pattern of phase coil placement in separate slots using concentrated windings is employed. High flux intensification is achieved using low remanence and non-rare-earth permanent magnets in a spoke-type field arrangement. The exterior rotor has no active electromagnetic component thereby achieving a simple reluctance type configuration. The principle of operation is based on the concept of virtual work with closed-form analytical airgap flux density distributions. Preliminary parametric design studies followed by large scale multi-objective optimization were carried out using electromagnetic FEA to study the geometric impacts of the proposed design as well as the best trade-off between torque, total loss, torque ripple and power factor. Comparative metrics including indices for flux concentration, goodness of excitation, machine goodness, and torque per weight (TRW) indicate competitive performance with PM synchronous designs employing expensive and critical supply rare-earth PMs as well as other state-of-the art high power density traction motors. The proposed novel design considers a 10in outer rotor diameter with a target torque of 370Nm at a base speed of 3,000rpm. The efficiency map of the proposed design also provides insight into its performance at constant torque and constant power regions within the considered torque-speed envelope.","PeriodicalId":234784,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125200638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rômulo Navega Vieira, P. Kollmeyer, Mina Naguib, A. Emadi
{"title":"Feedforward and NARX Neural Network Battery State of Charge Estimation with Robustness to Current Sensor Error","authors":"Rômulo Navega Vieira, P. Kollmeyer, Mina Naguib, A. Emadi","doi":"10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187084","url":null,"abstract":"State of charge (SOC), the remaining usable charge of the battery divided by its nominal capacity, is one of the most important parameters for managing Li-ion battery packs. This work investigates two types of artificial neural network-based SOC estimators: a feedforward neural network (FNN) and a nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model (NARX) network. These networks are trained and tested with battery drive cycle and charging data for a Tesla Model 3 electric vehicle. Measured temperature, along with different combinations of filtered and unfiltered voltage and current, are used as model inputs. The NARX, which benefits from having SOC from the prior time step as an input, is shown to have substantially less error than the FNN, even when there is a significant current sensor offset error which prevents the NARX from simply functioning as a coulomb counter. Overall, the NARX is shown to be accurate for the most difficult highway drive cycles with steep grades and to be robust against large current sensor errors.","PeriodicalId":234784,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"10 37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130307400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Multiport Bidirectional Converter for Fuel Cell Range Extended Vehicles with On-board Solar Generation","authors":"Pengfei Zheng, J. Bauman","doi":"10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187103","url":null,"abstract":"Although electric vehicles have the advantages of zero emissions and convenient overnight charging, other problems remain such as limited driving ranges, slow refueling while on-the-go, lithium supply issues, and emissions from some sources of electricity generation (e.g., coal). Fuel cell powered vehicles address the refueling time issue, which will also ease range concerns if hydrogen fueling stations are available. Furthermore, on-board solar generation can replace a portion of the vehicle's grid charging needs and extend driving range. For both options, a smaller battery could be used, meaning less lithium is required. However, the power electronic architecture for such a solar fuel cell range extended vehicle (S-FCREV) would be complex and costly with conventional separate converters. Thus, this paper proposes the first practical multi-port converter that can perform all S-FCREV requirements, including partial electrical isolation, with a reduced component count compared to a non-integrated converter design. Detailed simulation results are provided to validate the operation of the proposed topology.","PeriodicalId":234784,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127733280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Controllability Techniques for the Multilevel Power Converter Manhattan Topology","authors":"M. Jahnes, M. Preindl","doi":"10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186913","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the controllability of different configurations of the Manhattan Topology. The Manhattan Topology is a multilevel power converter topology that is defined by a set of series stacked capacitors where each capacitor establishes a voltage level. The functionality of the converter is built around the transfer of power between these capacitors. The methodology, quantity, and connectivity of the capacitive power transfer scheme is not specific to the Manhattan Topology. Different topology configurations will have different capacitive power transfer connectivities. A completely connected topology is not necessary for a fully controllable converter (where capacitor voltage balance of any arbitrary ratio can be maintained in steady state). For some practical implementations of the Manhattan Topology, it is also not feasible to connect all capacitive power transfer links together. Different link topologies will result in different levels of controllability. This paper shows three different link topologies: a fully controllable topology, a partially controllable topology, and a modification to the partially controllable topology that results in a fully controllable topology. Converter state-space models, controllability theory, and control diagrams are provided. Results are validated through high-fidelity simulation of example Manhattan Topology power converters that use the three different link topologies in DC/DC mode.","PeriodicalId":234784,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130125407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental Analysis of Powertrain Test Bed Dynamometers for Black Box-Based Digital Twin Generation","authors":"Henrik Schmidt, G. Prokop","doi":"10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187073","url":null,"abstract":"The recent developments in the automotive industry denote a significant increase in embedded control units, algorithms and connectivity inside the vehicle and with its environment. All trends require a substantial increase in the virtualization of present development activities. Here, the deployed methods must be proven valid and optimized strategies for building and identifying real-time simulation models have to be developed. The context of the present work is the validation of low-frequency powertrain oscillations based on drivability-relevant properties at a full-vehicle level. An early powertrain validation at the subsystem level demands real-time modelling of the specimen, the test bed and the residual vehicle. The simulation models must be proven valid in the drivability-relevant frequency range of up to 30 Hz. Therefore, the reference test bed setup is presented together with the selected design of experiments. Then, a system identification process in the time and frequency domain is conducted to allow fast and reliable identification of the first torsional natural mode of the powertrain and the time characteristic of the dynos stated in dead time and group delay. In conclusion, the authors present a method for efficient drivability-related dynamometer characterization for blackbox-based modeling up to 1 kHz.","PeriodicalId":234784,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130453493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rongchao Niu, Fulun Peng, Zhibin Ru, Hongguang Li, Chuangfei Bai
{"title":"Adaptive Finite-time Control for Electromechanical Servo System with Mismatched Uncertainties","authors":"Rongchao Niu, Fulun Peng, Zhibin Ru, Hongguang Li, Chuangfei Bai","doi":"10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187027","url":null,"abstract":"The electromechanical actuator (EMA) consists of electrical and mechanical parts, and the frictions, backlash, and multi-parameter coupling characteristics will seriously affect its position-tracking performance. To improve the control accuracy and anti-disturbance ability of EMA, a robust control system is proposed in this paper. First, the system structure of the EMA is analyzed, and the adverse effects caused by backlash and other parameter mismatches are treated as system disturbances respectively. Second, a finite-time state observer is designed to estimate the disturbances in real time. Aiming at the mismatch characteristics of system disturbances, a composite control law is proposed to compensate for the system uncertainties and regulate the output position of EMA. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":234784,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129215791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preliminary Design of Air and Thermal Management of a Nacelle-Integrated Fuel Cell System for an Electric Regional Aircraft","authors":"C. Sain, Jeffrey Hänsel, S. Kazula","doi":"10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187105","url":null,"abstract":"The next generation of civil aircraft aims for low to zero emissions by 2050. Fuel cell-powered electric propulsion system can offer the required performance and low emission levels for regional flights. The challenge is to reduce weight and complexity, while achieving high reliability. This paper focuses on the preliminary design of the air and thermal management of a nacelle-integrated fuel cell system. These subsystems are necessary for the efficient and reliable operation of the fuel cell stacks and contain critical components like air intake, air duct and heat exchanger, which need to be designed and optimized to achieve compact and lightweight solutions. This paper shows design and assessment work on various preliminary concepts of large air ducts and heat exchangers, which are recognized as performance critical and large volume components. These components need to be tailored to the design space inside engine's nacelle. Using parametric 3D modeling, several variations for compact heat exchangers are created and the sensitivity of key dimensions for aero-thermal performance properties is studied. Subsequently, CFD simulations are conducted and different design options are evaluated concerning pressure loss, drag, heat transfer and mass flow rate. Additional suitable components such as filter, compressor and pump are discussed and selected. Finally, two suitable design configurations for the air and thermal management of a nacelle-integrated fuel cell system are selected and evaluated.","PeriodicalId":234784,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129217237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bo Zhang, Yukiyasu Yamauchi, V. Galigekere, O. Onar, Mostak Mohammad
{"title":"Severe Temperature Impact Study on Ferrite Electromagnetic Shielding for Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging","authors":"Bo Zhang, Yukiyasu Yamauchi, V. Galigekere, O. Onar, Mostak Mohammad","doi":"10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187049","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless charging of an electric vehicle (EV) is an emerging technology that enables noncontact charging, which has advantages in terms of convenience and flexibility. However, the embedded charging pads under and on the ground expose the charging coils, ferrite shielding, and related components to a potentially severe external environment. To study the electromagnetic shielding performance under such extreme temperature conditions, ferrite shielding material's permeability characteristics are tested under temperatures as low as -50°C to as high as 240°C. Referring to the official recorded lowest and highest temperature of the United States, in this paper, it is assumed that the operation temperature ranges from -50°C to 57°C as the coldest winter and hottest summer environment for WPT application. Electromagnetic performance, shielding, and associated stray magnetic emissions are simulated by using three-dimensional (3D) transient simulations to study the impact of low and high temperature on electromagnetic shielding performance. Based on ferrite testing data, from -50°C low temperature to 57°C high temperature, the ferrite's relative permeability ranges from 2550 to 3727. The simulation study indicates that there won't be significant impact on the EM shielding performance for WPT operated under those severe environment temperature conditions.","PeriodicalId":234784,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124543004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kyler Witvoet, Sara Saad, Carlos Vidal, R. Ahmed, A. Emadi
{"title":"Electric Vehicle's Range and State of Charge Estimations using AutoML","authors":"Kyler Witvoet, Sara Saad, Carlos Vidal, R. Ahmed, A. Emadi","doi":"10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186953","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the potential of AutoML for predicting the range and State of Charge (SOC) of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Unlike traditional SOC estimation methods, such as Coulomb counting, Equivalent Circuit Models (ECM), or Machine Learning (ML)-based approaches, Range Estimation Algorithms (REA) consider route-specific factors to offer more precise battery depletion predictions. However, ML-based REAs can be complex and time-consuming to train, necessitating a deep understanding of Artificial Neural Networks (NN) architecture and optimization strategies. AutoML addresses this issue by automating the selection of the optimal NN architecture, hyper- parameters, and data preprocessing techniques, making it more accessible for those with limited expertise to develop effective ML models. Our study centers on constructing SOC estimation and range estimation models using the AutoML library AutoGluon, developed by Amazon Web Services (AWS). Our findings indicate that while SOC estimation alone has limitations in predicting an EV's remaining range, REAs are specifically designed to overcome this challenge by building on SOC estimation to accurately forecast the remaining distance.","PeriodicalId":234784,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"365 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124589929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}