TuberclePub Date : 1991-03-01DOI: 10.1016/0041-3879(91)90022-K
L.O. Larsson , B.-E. Skoogh , M.W. Bentzon , M. Magnusson , J. Olofson , J. Taranger , A. Lind
{"title":"Sensitivity to sensitins and tuberculin in Swedish children II. A study of preschool children","authors":"L.O. Larsson , B.-E. Skoogh , M.W. Bentzon , M. Magnusson , J. Olofson , J. Taranger , A. Lind","doi":"10.1016/0041-3879(91)90022-K","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0041-3879(91)90022-K","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-BCG-vaccinated preschool children (4 or 5 years of age) were simultaneously tested on separate arms with a 2 IU PPD RT23 and 0.1 μg <em>Mycobacterium avium</em> sensitin RS10 or 0.1 μg <em>Mycobacterium scrofulaceum</em> sensitin RS95. None of the 762 children had any known exposure to tuberculosis. A total of 8.8% reacted with an induration (⩾ 3 mm to PPD RT23 while 2% reacted with ⩾ 6 mm. Half the children were tested with <em>M. avium</em> sensitin: 18.9 and 7.8% reacted when 3 and 6 mm cut-off points, respectively, were taken. The remaining children were tested with <em>M. scrofulaceum</em> sensitin: 18.4 and 6.3%, respectively, reacted.</p><p>In a previous study of schoolchildren aged 8 or 9 years, reactions to sensitins were considerably more frequent. Thus, sensitisation by atypical mycobacteria seems to increase from the preschool to the early school age. This finding probably reflects a continuous exposure of the children to atypical mycobacteria from various sources.</p><p>The preschool children with a reaction to PPD RT23 ⩾ 6 mm were examined and chest X-rays were performed. All children were healthy but one child had enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum and abdomen. It cannot be excluded that these pathological findings were caused by atypical mycobacteria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23472,"journal":{"name":"Tubercle","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0041-3879(91)90022-K","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13042768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TuberclePub Date : 1991-03-01DOI: 10.1016/0041-3879(91)90023-L
Razina Zaman
{"title":"Tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia: Epidemiology and incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteriai species","authors":"Razina Zaman","doi":"10.1016/0041-3879(91)90023-L","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0041-3879(91)90023-L","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The epidemiology of mycobacterial infections was studied in a wide cross-section of the Jeddah population over 2 years (1987–1989). Saudis, non-Saudis and patients from a stable population attending National Guard King Khalid Hospital (NGKKH) were compared. The ratio of Saudi to non-Saudi was 1:2 and males accounted for 65% of the total. The incidence was highest among young adults although the peak varied slightly between Saudi and non-Saudi patients. Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis was also preponderant among young adults, particularly females. Variants of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> were investigated for the first time in Saudi Arabia. African and Asian variants were isolated from both Saudi and non-Saudi patients, the former being more numerous. Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, particularly lymphadenopathy, accounted for a large proportion of mycobacterial infections, 59% at NGKKH. Mycobacterial species other than <em>M. tuberculosis</em> were fully identified and accounted for 9% of the isolates, <em>Mycobacterium fortuitum</em> and <em>Mycobacterium chelonei</em> being the two most prevalent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23472,"journal":{"name":"Tubercle","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 43-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0041-3879(91)90023-L","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13042769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TuberclePub Date : 1991-03-01DOI: 10.1016/0041-3879(91)90020-S
N. Manjunath , P. Shankar , L. Rajan , A. Bhargava , S. Saluja , Shriniwas
{"title":"Evaluation of a polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of tuberculosis","authors":"N. Manjunath , P. Shankar , L. Rajan , A. Bhargava , S. Saluja , Shriniwas","doi":"10.1016/0041-3879(91)90020-S","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0041-3879(91)90020-S","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A polymerase chain reaction for the specific detection of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> has been developed and evaluated for clinical applicability. Primers were designed to amplify a 240 base pair region in the MPB 64 protein coding gene (nts 460–700). From among 15 different DNA templates tested (including 10 species of mycobacteria) PCR amplified the DNA from <em>M. tuberculosis</em> complex only, demonstrating its exquisite specificity. Sensitivity studies using serial ten-fold dilutions of <em>M. tuberculosis</em> bacilli determined the limit of detectability to be 10 organisms.</p><p>A total of 143 clinical specimens were analysed. This consisted of 26 known non-tuberculous specimens (control group) and 117 specimens received at the Tuberculosis Diagnostic Service of AIIMS (test group). None of the specimens in the control group was positive by PCR. Out of 117 specimens in the test group, 19 were culture positive for mycobacteria and 17 of these isolates were identified as M. tuberculosis. All the specimens from which <em>M. tuberculosis</em> was grown were also PCR positive. The remaining two isolates were identified as mycobacteria other than <em>M. tuberculosis</em> and these two specimens were PCR negative. An additional 14 culture negative specimens were PCR positive yielding an overall <em>M. tuberculosis</em> positivity rate of 26.5% (31/117) compared to 14.5% (17/117) by culture. The superior sensitivity of PCR over culture was more evident in non-pulmonary cases where PCR picked up 10 cases in addition to three culture positives out of 69 specimens. On the other hand, out of 48 pulmonary specimens only four cases in addition to 14 culture positives were picked up by PCR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23472,"journal":{"name":"Tubercle","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0041-3879(91)90020-S","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13042766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TuberclePub Date : 1991-03-01DOI: 10.1590/S0042-96862001000100014
A. Kochi
{"title":"The global tuberculosis situation and the new control strategy of the World Health Organization.","authors":"A. Kochi","doi":"10.1590/S0042-96862001000100014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0042-96862001000100014","url":null,"abstract":"In 1989/90 the WHO Tuberculosis Unit undertook a special study to determine the nature and magnitude of the global tuberculosis problem by reviewing the official statistics and the available data from both published and unpublished field studies. The findings revealed that about 1700 million people or one-third of the worlds population are or have been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis with 8 million new cases found in developing and industrialized countries. It estimated that the disease caused 2.9 million deaths in 1990 making this the largest cause of death from a single pathogen in the world. While the largest number of deaths occurred in the Southeast Asian Region (940000) the Western Pacific Region (890000) and the African Region (660000) it is estimated that more than 40000 deaths still occur annually in the industrialized nations. Given the existing tuberculosis situation in the world the WHO has developed a new tuberculosis control strategy the development of which was based on a series of workshops and case studies in the last 2 years. These strategies include: 1) the introduction of short-course chemotherapy in place of the standard chemotherapy to improve the cure rate; and 2) the expansion of tuberculosis services.","PeriodicalId":23472,"journal":{"name":"Tubercle","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81481442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TuberclePub Date : 1991-03-01DOI: 10.1016/0041-3879(91)90021-J
A. Lind , L.O. Larsson , M.W. Bentzon , M. Magnusson , J. Olofson , I. Sjogren , I.-L. Strannegard , B.-E. Skoogh
{"title":"Sensitivity to sensitins and tuberculin in Swedish children I. A study of schoolchildren in an urban area","authors":"A. Lind , L.O. Larsson , M.W. Bentzon , M. Magnusson , J. Olofson , I. Sjogren , I.-L. Strannegard , B.-E. Skoogh","doi":"10.1016/0041-3879(91)90021-J","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0041-3879(91)90021-J","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-BCG-vaccinated schoolchildren (8 or 9 years of age) were simultaneously tested on separate arms with 2 IU PPD RT23 and 0.1 pg <em>Mycobacterium avium</em> sensitin RS10 or 0.1 Fig <em>Mycobacterium scrofulaceum</em> sensitin RS95. None of the 2819 analysed children had any known exposure to tuberculosis. A total of 3.4% reacted with an induration ⩾ 6 mm to PPD RT23. Half the number of children were tested with M. avium sensitin and 25.4% reacted while the remaining were tested with <em>M. scrofulaceum</em> sensitin and 32.4% reacted when the cut-off was 6 mm. For about 90% of the children the sensitin reaction was larger than or equal to the tuberculin (PPD RT23) reaction. Correlation analyses showed that moderate and high PPD RT23 values were combined with still higher sensitin values, indicating that the tuberculin reactions were mainly cross-reactions due to the antigenic similarity between tuberculin and sensitins. The presence of birds, dogs and cats in the homes was combined with an increased frequency of children reacting to the sensitins used. The children with reactions to PPD RT23 ⩾6 mm were examined and chest X-rays were performed. None of them showed any signs or symptoms of mycobacterial disease. In non-BCG-vaccinated Swedish schoolchildren without clinical signs of tuberculosis and without known contact with a contagious tuberculous person, indurations less than 12 to 14 mm on tuberculin testing are probably caused by atypical mycobacteria. In such cases sensitin tests should be performed to verify the suspicion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23472,"journal":{"name":"Tubercle","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0041-3879(91)90021-J","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13042767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TuberclePub Date : 1991-03-01DOI: 10.1016/0041-3879(91)90027-P
Kaushal Pant, Rajesh Bhagat
{"title":"The value of routine bronchial aspirate culture at fibreoptic bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of tuberculosis","authors":"Kaushal Pant, Rajesh Bhagat","doi":"10.1016/0041-3879(91)90027-P","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0041-3879(91)90027-P","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23472,"journal":{"name":"Tubercle","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 71-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0041-3879(91)90027-P","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13042772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TuberclePub Date : 1991-03-01DOI: 10.1016/0041-3879(91)90026-O
D.P. Naidoo, D. Desai, L. Kranidiotis
{"title":"Tuberculous meningiomyeloradicuIitis—a report of two cases","authors":"D.P. Naidoo, D. Desai, L. Kranidiotis","doi":"10.1016/0041-3879(91)90026-O","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0041-3879(91)90026-O","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two cases of tuberculous meningitis complicated by spread to the spinal cord and nerve roots are described. Recognition of impending paraplegia by a rising cerebrospinal fluid protein content and manometric block should prompt steroid therapy as this may prevent irreversible neurological deficit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23472,"journal":{"name":"Tubercle","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 65-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0041-3879(91)90026-O","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13042770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TuberclePub Date : 1991-03-01DOI: 10.1016/0041-3879(91)90031-M
G.M. Bahr, J.L. Stanford, A.M. de L. Costello
{"title":"Bad news from North Lebanon","authors":"G.M. Bahr, J.L. Stanford, A.M. de L. Costello","doi":"10.1016/0041-3879(91)90031-M","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0041-3879(91)90031-M","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23472,"journal":{"name":"Tubercle","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 73-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0041-3879(91)90031-M","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13042775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}