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Efficacy of intermittent pyrazinamide in experimental murine tuberculosis 间歇性吡嗪酰胺治疗实验性小鼠肺结核的疗效

Tubercle Pub Date : 1991-06-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0041-3879(91)90037-S

J.M. Dickinson, D.A. Mitchison

{"title":"Efficacy of intermittent pyrazinamide in experimental murine tuberculosis","authors":"J.M. Dickinson, D.A. Mitchison","doi":"10.1016/0041-3879(91)90037-S","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0041-3879(91)90037-S","url":null,"abstract":"<div>CFLP mice were infected intravenously with Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv and the progress of chemotherapy was followed by counts of viable bacilli in the lung and spleen. After spleen counts had reached log10 7.0, 12 experimental groups, each containing 10 mice, were treated for 8 weeks with pyrazinamide (PZA) given in mean daily dosages of 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day, with the interval between the doses within each dosage group being 1, 2,4 or 8 days. All mice were also given 25 mg isoniazid/kg daily. An increase in the mean daily dosage from 100 mg PZA/kg to 400 mg PZA/kg resulted in a decrease of spleen viable counts at the end of treatment from log10 4.2 to log10 3.8. The organ counts, averaged over the full dosage range, were little altered by spacing out the interval between doses from 1–4 days, while increasing dose size proportionately: the counts with low mean dosages tended, however, to decrease (indicating improved efficacy) while those with high mean dosages increased (P<0.001). Counts increased when the interval was 8 days. Spacing out the doses while keeping the dose size constant resulted in progressive loss of efficacy. These findings suggest that, if PZA is given intermittently, the size of the dose should be increased, though not quite proportionately, to maintain full efficacy. Even with such an increase in dose, however, once weekly treatment would be less effective.</div>","PeriodicalId":23472,"journal":{"name":"Tubercle","volume":"72 2","pages":"Pages 110-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0041-3879(91)90037-S","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13108900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Susceptibility of captive wildfowl to avian tuberculosis: the importance of genetic and environmental factors 圈养野禽对禽结核的易感性:遗传和环境因素的重要性

Tubercle Pub Date : 1991-06-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0041-3879(91)90036-R

R.L. Cromie , M.J. Brown , D.J. Price , J.L. Stanford

引用次数: 30

Selected list of publications 选定刊物一览表

Tubercle Pub Date : 1991-06-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0041-3879(91)90045-T

引用次数: 0

Reply from Dr Campbell 坎贝尔博士的答复

Tubercle Pub Date : 1991-03-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0041-3879(91)90029-R

Ian Campbell

引用次数: 0

Tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia: Initial and secondary drug resistance among indigenous and non-indigenous populations 沙特阿拉伯的结核病:土著和非土著人口的初始和继发耐药性

Tubercle Pub Date : 1991-03-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0041-3879(91)90024-M

Razina Zaman

引用次数: 25

The Koch phenomenon and delayed hypersensitivity: 1891–1991 科赫现象与迟发性超敏反应:1891-1991

Tubercle Pub Date : 1991-03-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0041-3879(91)90018-N

G.H. Bothamley, J.M. Grange

引用次数: 33

Activities of pefloxacin and ofloxacin against mycobacteria: in vitro and mouse experiments 培氟沙星和氧氟沙星抗分枝杆菌活性的体外及小鼠实验

Tubercle Pub Date : 1991-03-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0041-3879(91)90025-N

C. Truffot-Pernot, B. Ji, J. Grosset

{"title":"Activities of pefloxacin and ofloxacin against mycobacteria: in vitro and mouse experiments","authors":"C. Truffot-Pernot, B. Ji, J. Grosset","doi":"10.1016/0041-3879(91)90025-N","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0041-3879(91)90025-N","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The minimal inhibitory concentrations for 90% of strains (MIC90) of ofloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium xenopi was 2 mg/I. This was three dilutions lower than that of pefloxacin and was well within the range of drug concentrations achievable in man. The antituberculosis activities of both quinolones were independent of resistance of the strains to other antimycobacteriaI agents. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare was resistant to both compounds with MIC90s greater than 16 mg/l. The maximum serum levels (Cmax) of both compounds increased proportionally with increasing dose size. The terminal elimination half-life (<math><mtext>T</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext></mn></msub></math>) of pefloxacin was longer than that of ofloxacin, but the <math><mtext>T</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext></mn></msub></math> of both compounds in mice were much shorter than in man. The area under the concentration curve (AUC) of pefloxacin was double than that of ofloxacin. In the mouse, pefloxacin at doses up to 150 mg/kg daily was inactive against M. tuberculosis infection: in terms of survival rate the minimal effective dose of ofloxacin against M. tuberculosis infection was 150 mg/kg daily when given by gavage or by incorporation into the mouse diet at a concentration of 0.1 %, but in terms of cfu counts, ofloxacin 150 mg/kg daily only displayed a moderate degree of activity similar to ethambutol 100 mg/kg daily. The therapeutic effects of ofloxacin against M. tuberculosis infection were dose-related: 300 mg/kg daily by gavage or 0.4% in mouse diet displayed much better therapeutic effects than lower dosages. Since the AUC in mice treated with ofloxacin 150 mg/kg daily is close to that in man treated with a clinically tolerated dose—600 mg daily—such a dosage may be only moderately effective against human tuberculosis.</div>","PeriodicalId":23472,"journal":{"name":"Tubercle","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 57-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0041-3879(91)90025-N","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13069931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 64

Cytokines and the Koch phenomenon 细胞因子和科赫现象

Tubercle Pub Date : 1991-03-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0041-3879(91)90019-O

G.A.W. Rook, R. Al Attiyah

引用次数: 97

Selected list of publications 选定刊物一览表

Tubercle Pub Date : 1991-03-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0041-3879(91)90032-N

引用次数: 0

Sensitivity to sensitins and tuberculin in Swedish children II. A study of preschool children 瑞典儿童对敏感素和结核菌素的敏感性2。对学龄前儿童的研究

Tubercle Pub Date : 1991-03-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0041-3879(91)90022-K

L.O. Larsson , B.-E. Skoogh , M.W. Bentzon , M. Magnusson , J. Olofson , J. Taranger , A. Lind

{"title":"Sensitivity to sensitins and tuberculin in Swedish children II. A study of preschool children","authors":"L.O. Larsson , B.-E. Skoogh , M.W. Bentzon , M. Magnusson , J. Olofson , J. Taranger , A. Lind","doi":"10.1016/0041-3879(91)90022-K","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0041-3879(91)90022-K","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Non-BCG-vaccinated preschool children (4 or 5 years of age) were simultaneously tested on separate arms with a 2 IU PPD RT23 and 0.1 μg Mycobacterium avium sensitin RS10 or 0.1 μg Mycobacterium scrofulaceum sensitin RS95. None of the 762 children had any known exposure to tuberculosis. A total of 8.8% reacted with an induration (⩾ 3 mm to PPD RT23 while 2% reacted with ⩾ 6 mm. Half the children were tested with M. avium sensitin: 18.9 and 7.8% reacted when 3 and 6 mm cut-off points, respectively, were taken. The remaining children were tested with M. scrofulaceum sensitin: 18.4 and 6.3%, respectively, reacted.In a previous study of schoolchildren aged 8 or 9 years, reactions to sensitins were considerably more frequent. Thus, sensitisation by atypical mycobacteria seems to increase from the preschool to the early school age. This finding probably reflects a continuous exposure of the children to atypical mycobacteria from various sources.The preschool children with a reaction to PPD RT23 ⩾ 6 mm were examined and chest X-rays were performed. All children were healthy but one child had enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum and abdomen. It cannot be excluded that these pathological findings were caused by atypical mycobacteria.</div>","PeriodicalId":23472,"journal":{"name":"Tubercle","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0041-3879(91)90022-K","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13042768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 36