Pan African Journal of Life Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Poultry Farmers Regarding the Control of Chicken Coccidiosis in Lagos State, Nigeria","authors":"Oluwayomi O. Adeyemi, Emmanuel Taiwo Idowu, B. Akinsanya, I. D. Jatau","doi":"10.36108/pajols/3202/70.0160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/pajols/3202/70.0160","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coccidiosis, caused by coccidia of the genus Eimeria, accounts for significant production loss-es in the global poultry industry. This study evaluated commercial poultry farmers’ knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) on chicken coccidiosis and its control in Lagos State, Nigeria.\u0000Methods: Semi-structured questionnaires assessing KAPs relating to chicken coccidiosis and its control were administered to 157 poultry farmers. Summary statistics were performed on the collated data using the Statis-tical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The relationship between respondents’ knowledge and demographic features was analysed using the Chi-square test of independence on SPSS. Results were consid-ered significant at p < 0.05.\u0000Results: The majority of the respondents were males (91, 58%), married (108, 68.7%), and between 31 and 50 years old (106, 67.5%). Most have had tertiary education (84, 53.5%) and farming experience between 1 and 5 years (97, 61.8%). All the respondents have heard about coccidiosis previously, and of these, 57 (36.3%), 45 (28.7%), and 37 (23.6%) sourced this information from veterinarians, fellow farmers, and during training/workshops, respectively. Ingestion of faecally contaminated feed and water by chickens was opined as the cause of coccidiosis by 48 (30.6%) respondents, followed by bacteria (30, 19.1%) and poor hygiene and sanitation (27, 17.2%). Most mentioned that ingesting faecally contaminated feed and water (126, 80.2%) is the mode of coccidiosis transmission, and 76 (48.4%) identified bloody and watery diarrhea as the major clinical sign. The gender of the farmers and their educational status were significantly associated with the level of coccidiosis knowledge. Of the study participants, 150 (95.5%) have experienced an outbreak of coccidiosis on their farms before, and the majority observed bloody diarrhea (90, 60.0%) as the major clinical sign. None of the farmers used ionophore drugs. Embazin-forte® (Sulphaquinoxaline) was the drug most reportedly used to prevent and treat coccidiosis. Few farmers (11, 7%) adopted anticoccidial vaccines for coccidiosis prevention using either Immucox®, Livacox®, or both.\u0000Conclusion: This study showed that poultry farmers in Lagos State have adequate knowledge of chicken coccidiosis. Chemical anticoccidials were the only drugs used for prevention and treatment, and vaccines were not adopted. There is a need for veterinarians and poultry extension workers to enlighten farmers in the study area about the proper, safe, and effective use of anticoccidial drugs and vaccines.","PeriodicalId":234626,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131432380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larvicidal Efficacy of Azadirachta indica, Ocimum gratissimum and Cymbopogon citratus Ethanolic Extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus Larvae","authors":"Olalekan E. Olagundoye, Adegbola O. Adesoye","doi":"10.36108/pajols/3202/70.0150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/pajols/3202/70.0150","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Effective and repeated control use of synthetic insecticides has led to the development of resistance development in mosquitoes. This problem has resulted in the need for the development of new strategies for selective mosquito larval control. The present work investigated the larvicidal efficacy of Azadirachta indica, Ocimum gratissimum, and Cymbopogon citratus ethanolic extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes.\u0000Methods: Extracts of A. indica, O. gratissimum, and C. citratus were obtained using 80% ethanol after their leaves had been previously air-dried for about 3-4 weeks. Thereafter, the solvent was evaporated with a rota-ry evaporator to eliminate any solvents still present. Twenty-five samples (in four replicates) of 2nd-3rd in-star larvae of C. quinquefasciatus were exposed to various concentrations (20 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 60 mg/L, 80 mg/L, and 100 mg/L) of each leaf extracts using WHO standard procedures. Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows, version 14, and statistical differences among mortalities induced by the different concentrations were obtained using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level (P= 0.05) with the aid of GraphPad prism 8.\u0000Results: There was an increase in the mortality rates of C. quinquefasciatus larvae as the concentration of each of the three leaf extracts increased over 24 hours. Eighty mg/L ethanolic extract of A. indica gave a mortality rate of 96.10% (24±0.1) after 24 hours of exposure, 100 mg/L of the same extract of A. indica gave a mortality rate of 100% (25.0. ±0.0) which is significantly (P < 0.05) higher than 96.1% (24±0.1) and 80.0 % (20.0±0.5) at the same conditions in C. citratus and O. gratissimum respectively. Eighty mg/L and 100 mg/L of ethanolic extract of C. citratus gave 51% (12.5±0.7) and 96.1% (24±0.1) mortality rates after 24 hours. However, ethanolic extract of O. gratissimum resulted in the least 80.0 % (20.0±0.5) motility rate of C. quinquefasciatus larvae with exposure to 100 mg/L concentration after a 24-hour duration of exposure.\u0000Conclusion: The study concluded that the ethanolic extract of A. indica was the most active, followed by that of C. citratus and then O. gratissimum. The extracts of A. indica, C. citratus, and O. gratissimum hold great larvicidal potential, and they are important tools that can be integrated into the Culex mosquito vector control programme","PeriodicalId":234626,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115044967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Anemia Among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients and Identification of Diagnostic Markers Associated with the Disease","authors":"O. Agede, M. O. Bojuwoye, Maryam A. Jimoh, Isa M. Wasagu","doi":"10.36108/pajols/3202/70.0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/pajols/3202/70.0130","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A co-morbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been identified as ane-mia. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is now known to have systemic inflammation, making it a po-tential cause of chronic anemia (ACD). According to preliminary findings, anemia may be more common than predicted in COPD patients, occurring in 10% to 15% of cases. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of anemia in COPD patients and look for biomarkers linked to the disease.\u0000Methods: In a retrospective study conducted at a university hospital in Kwara state, Nigeria, 280 patients (166 men and 114 women) with spirometry-confirmed COPD were assessed for the incidence of anemia. The gene expression profiles of microarray data, including GSE148004, were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to discover potential candidate key genes linked to the onset and prognosis of COPD. DAVID was used to examine the pathway enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG).\u0000Results: Anemia was found in 104 people (88 men and 16 women), providing a frequency of 37.1%. Addi-tionally, 57.1% of the patients developed acute exacerbations. There were 9458 DEGs overall, of which 3772 were up-regulated, and 5686 were down-regulated. In the current study, DEGs revealed that the NEDD9 gene was over-expressed in COPD patients.\u0000Conclusion: Patients with COPD typically experience anemia, which is linked to higher morbidity in hospi-tal admissions and exacerbations. These patients’ clinical outcomes may be improved by treating their ane-mia. A potential biological relationship between anemia and COPD is IL1R1..","PeriodicalId":234626,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129239590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Toxicity Effect of Crude Leaves Extract of Thevetia peruviana on Full Blood Count and some Organs of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles","authors":"Idi A. Wakawa, Gideon A. Echeipu, B. Audu","doi":"10.36108/pajols/3202/70.0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/pajols/3202/70.0120","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many toxicity studies have shown that heamatological and histological alterations are widely used as good bioindicators in determining the effect of toxicants on fish. This study investigated the acute toxicity effects of the leaf extract of Thevetia peruviana on full blood count parameters and some organs of Clarias gariepinus juveniles”.\u0000Methods: One hundred and twenty C. gariepinus mixed sex juveniles were exposed to acute con-centrations (0.63, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, and 10.00g/L ) of leave extract of T. peruviana in twelve 20 L capacity rectangular glass tanks with six treatments and bi-replicated. Blood for full blood count was collected through cardiac puncture while gills and liver were excised and analyzed for histo-pathological alterations.\u0000Results: PCV, RBC, Hb, Neu, and Lym of C. gariepinus juveniles inversely decreased while WBC directly increased with acute concentrations of T. peruviana leaves extract. The microscopic examination of the gills revealed concentration-dependent histo-architectural alterations expressed as epical clubbing, haemorrhage, desquamation, atrophy, and complete erosion of secondary lamel-lae. The liver showed moderate to severe concentration-dependent histopathological lesions typi-fied by hypertrophy, atrophy, necrosis, kupffer cell proliferation, and hepatocellular degenerations.\u0000Conclusion: Given the alterations in the blood, gills and liver noted in this study, the invasive growth of the T. peruviana plant should be controlled to minimize unwanted fish kill.","PeriodicalId":234626,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134331935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Profiles of Enteric Pathogens Isolated from Nigerian Currency Notes","authors":"K. C. Mofolorunsho, Victor Obaje, R. Aminu, Olabisi Olowonib, H. O. Ocheni","doi":"10.36108/pajols/3202/70.0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/pajols/3202/70.0140","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Currency notes are exchangeable fomites handled by many persons daily and can potentially carry enteric pathogens on their surfaces. Infections caused by these pathogens have a global impact on public health. This study aimed to analyse the Nigerian currency notes Naira for the presence of enteric bacteria, particularly drug-resistant strains.\u0000Methods: Sixty-four Nigerian currency notes were randomly collected from various sources. Using the spread plate technique, an aliquot of 0.1ml of 10-6 dilution of each sample suspension was inoculated onto Eosin Methylene Blue agar and Hektoen Enteric agar plates. Following incubation, colonies were counted and recorded in colony-forming units per milliliter, and morphologic features were observed. Bacterial isolates were then Gram-stained, tested for motility and characterized using standard biochemical techniques. Antimicrobial profiles of bacterial isolates were determined using the Kirby-Bauer modified disc diffusion method.\u0000Results: Preliminary analysis showed that 67.2% of currency notes were contaminated. The 100 Naira notes had the highest contamination rates with bacterial mean counts of 1.22×1010 cfu/ml. Three different species of enteric bacteria were isolated. The predominant pathogens were Escherichia coli (44.2%) and Salmonella spp. (44.2%). All isolates recovered were 100% susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin, while 97.7% were resistant to penicillin. Escherichia coli was resistant to ampicillin (100%) and trime-thoprim-sulfamethoxazole (89.5%).\u0000Conclusion: This study showed that the Nigerian currency notes harbour enteric pathogens capable of causing serious infections to handlers. Therefore, improved hygiene practices, especially after handling currency notes, should be encouraged to prevent the spread of these pathogens.","PeriodicalId":234626,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130741334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pituitary Testicular Axis Tolerates Carbamazepine-Gabapentin Adjuvant than Alone Treatment in Male Wistar Rats","authors":"K. I. Adedokun, O. Osuntokun, O. O. Oladokun, B. Dare, T. G. Atere","doi":"10.36108/pajols/2202/60.0370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/pajols/2202/60.0370","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Some antiepileptic drugs have been implicated in altering sperm indices and causing sexual dysfunction in males. This study investigated the effects of carbamazepine (CBZ)+garbapentin (GBP) adjuvant treatment on male reproductive functions.\u0000Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were selected randomly into four (4) groups of five (5) animals each (n=5). Groups1, 2, 3, and 4 were given; normal saline (0.2 mL), CBZ (25 mg/kg), GBP (50 mg/kg), and 12.5 mg/kg, and 25 mg/kg doses of CBZ and GBP, respectively. The administration was done orally and daily for 56 days. Serum reproductive hormones, oxidative stress markers, and sperm analysis were determined. Histological analysis of the epididymis and testis were done using H and E\u0000Results: A significant reduction in the level of follicle-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, and testosterone were observed in CBZ and GBP-treated groups. Asignificant increase in lipid peroxidation activities measured by MDA was noticed only in the CBZ-treated group. The level of GSH and catalase increased significantly in the GBP-treated group, while CBZ+GBP treatment increased the level of SOD. The quality and the number of sperm characteristics significantly reduced among the treated animals; this is reflected in the architecture of the testes and epididymis with severe cytoarchitectural distortion, particularly in CBZ treated group, while mild distortion was observed in CBZ+GBP treated group.\u0000Conclusion: Adjuvant treatment of CBZ and GBP produces reduced adverse reproductive effects compared with alone treatment.","PeriodicalId":234626,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124750258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Incomplete Adherence and Immuno-virologic Failure among HIV Infected Patients in Osun State, Nigeria","authors":"Bashirat T. Shittu, O. Opaleye, M. Adewumi","doi":"10.36108/pajols/2202/60.0310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/pajols/2202/60.0310","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: To identify and address modifiable baseline clinical and non- clinical predictors related to negative outcomes, and identify high risk patients who need priority attention in order to prevent future failure of treatment in HIV patients.\u0000METHODS: The study was a longitudinal clinical based cohort study of One hundred and forty (140) HIV infected adults who were initially ART naive and commenced ART in June- July 2013 were followed up to June 2014. Three out of the participants were lost to follow up, one participant died and 1 participant was transferred to another treatment centre, while a total of one hundred and thirty-five (135) patients were finally included in the immuno-virologic analysis. Adherence was assessed using both self-report questionnaire and measurement of Mean Cell Volume (MCV) which was obtained using automated haematology analyzer. CD4 counts were analyzed using flow cytometry method and HIV-RNA levels were measured by using the RT-Polymerase Chain Reaction technique.\u0000RESULTS: Incomplete adherence was recorded in 28 (20.7%) of the study participants, immunologic failure (decline in CD4 count to or below baseline or CD4 count change < 50 cells/ul at 12 months) was observed in 39 (28.8%) of the participants. Virologic failure rate (viral load > 400 copies/ml) was 27.4% and immuno-virologic failure rate was 31.9%. Using logistic regression model, immunologic failure was associated with male gender (OR=1.29; p=0.008), non-disclosure of status (OR=1.24; p=0.01), baseline anaemia (OR=1.15; p=0.009) and incomplete adherence by self-report (OR=3.28; p=0.001). Virologic failure was associated with no formal education (OR=2.29; p=0.01), non-disclosure of status (OR=1.04; p = < 0.01), non-adherence (OR=2.74; p=0.015), being unemployed (OR=0.57; p=0.04).\u0000CONCLUSIONS: The study observed that immunologic recovery and virologic suppression rate within the first year of treatment was significant, although the rate of incomplete adherence obtained still needs improvement. Effort to promote social coping particularly to patients who were unemployed, re-strategizing on improving patient education and counseling especially to patients with no formal education, focusing on campaigns against stigmatization will help in addressing predictors of negative immuno-virologic outcomes. Baseline HIV-RNA level should also be considered in addition to CD4 testing in order to identify virological failure and thus preventing the emergence of drug resistance in HIV/AIDS management.","PeriodicalId":234626,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132029612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Phenotypic Parameters, Obesity Risk Factors and Co-Morbidities in a Population of Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"C. Akinleye, Rosemary O. Akinleye, Bukunmi G. Adedokun","doi":"10.36108/pajols/2202/60.0350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/pajols/2202/60.0350","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity is a disease with multifactorial etiology with co-morbidities occurring in epidemic proportions in Nigeria, thereby constituting significant economic and health burdens. This study investigates altered biophysical parameters and likelihood model fits for predicting the risk of co-morbidities in obese and non–obese subjects in Southwest Nigeria.\u0000Methods: Three thousand subjects (1500 obese and 1500 non-obese) aged 18 years and above were recruited from Osun and Oyo States, Nigeria communities. Blood samples were collected into appropriate bottles for biochemical analyses using standard procedures. Phenotypic parameters (height, weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences) were also assessed. Multivariate regression analyses and statistical models were designed to determine the association between obesity risk factors and co-morbidities.\u0000Results: Mean ages of obese (60.4± 13.8years) and non-obese (58.6± 15.7years) subjects were significantly different. Obesity showed a male preponderance. Mean BMI, waist-hip ratio, and waist and hip circumferences were higher (p<0.05) among obese subjects but increased with age in both groups (P<0.05). Mean triglyceride, fasting glucose levels, arterial blood pressure, pulse pressure, and mean heart rate increased in the obese group compared to the non-obese group. Adjusted Odds of Obesity (WHO) showed that stress, family history of cardiovascular disease, and diabetes were significantly associated with obesity.\u0000Conclusion: Increasing age, male gender, and hypertension were all significantly associated with the development of obesity among Nigerians of Southwestern extraction.","PeriodicalId":234626,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124536951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replacement of Fish Meal with Feather Meal in the Diet of Clarias gariepinus","authors":"A. Mustapha, Waliyat Olabisi Adeniyi","doi":"10.36108/pajols/2202/60.0320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/pajols/2202/60.0320","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Among the factors that affect fish production in Nigeria are scarcity and high cost of most of the ingredients use in preparing fish feeds. The research was con-ducted to check the effects of substituting a fish meal with a feather meal on the growth and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus juveniles.\u0000Methodology: The study had five treatments and was carried out on the fish in three rep-licates per treatment (mean weight of 115g) for ten weeks. Each tank of 50- litre capaci-ty, filled with 25 litre of water, was stocked with ten fish per tank. The specimens were fed twice daily at 3% of their body weight. The feeds were formulated to replace the fish meal content with feather meal at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% inclusion levels. The fish weights were taken fortnightly, water quality parameters were monitored weekly, and the growth parameters were computed.\u0000Results: The mean weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio were highest in the fish fed 0% (control diet) and 25% feather meal inclusion with no signifi-cant difference. The study revealed that feather-substituted diets enhanced the growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus, especially at 25% and 50% inclusion levels of feather meal.\u0000Conclusion: Feather meal could be used as a substitute to fish meal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus to reduce the fish feed production cost.","PeriodicalId":234626,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115834974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and metabolic resistance mechanisms in insecticides resistant Culex quinquefasciatus population from Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"I. K. Fagbohun, Emmanuel Taiwo Idowu, Oluwakemi Adesalu","doi":"10.36108/pajols/2202/60.0330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/pajols/2202/60.0330","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The control and management of mosquito-borne diseases heavily rely on the use of insecticide-based measures, but the emergence and spread of insecticide resistance have been a challenge and led to a significant setback in recent gains against the control of mosquito-borne diseases. Here, we as-sessed the susceptibility of Cx. quinquefasciatus to different classes of neurotoxic insecticides and deter-mined the possible resistance mechanisms.\u0000Methodology: Culex mosquitoes were collected from Kosofe, Alimosho, Ibeju-Lekki, and Badagry Lo-cal Government Areas (LGAs) of Lagos State. Adult females were exposed to permethrin, Bendiocarb, and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergized assays using WHO protocols. Resistance mechanisms were assessed using molecular and biochemical techniques.\u0000Results: Resistance to permethrin in Cx. quinquefasciatus was recorded in all the study locations, with 24-hour mortality ranging from 5% to 89%. Resistance to bendiocarb was also recorded in Alimosho (7%) and Kosofe (19%) LGAs, while possible resistance (96%) in Ibeju-Lekki LGA. PBO synergists significantly reduced the KDT50 and KDT95 of the synergized bioassays compared to the non-synergized bioassay. Heterozygote-resistant Ace1R gene was detected in Cx. quinquefasciatus popula-tion from Kosofe and Alimosho, kdr L1014S and L1014F were not detected in this study.\u0000Conclusion: The activities of Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and glutathione S-transferase detoxify-ing enzymes negatively correlate with 24-hour percentage mortality of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Resistance reported in Cx. quinquefasciatus to multiple classes of insecticides may result in difficulty controlling lymphatic filariasis in these areas.","PeriodicalId":234626,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"33 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124971760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}