Ultrasound最新文献

{"title":"Ultrasound-guided seven-gauge vacuum-assisted excision for benign breast lesions: A single expert surgeon experience.","authors":"Parisa Aziminezhadan, Alireza Pouramini, Hesam Ghassemof, Fereshteh Hosseinzadeh, Fatemeh Hosseinzadeh, Sina Seyedipour, Danial Abbasi, Erfan Sheikhbahaei","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241305025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742271X241305025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A large percentage of women fear benign breast lesion surgery, and it is a burden to the healthcare system. Ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted excision (VAE) is as effective as surgery but does not require general anaesthesia, leaves no scars, and improves patient satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort research carried out on recorded data of a single breast surgeon. VAE was performed on 611 patients with ACR BIRADS 3 or 4a lesions utilising EnCor Enspire equipment and a 7G probe. The average follow-up time was 30.25 ± 9.12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 772 VAEs were performed on lesions with an average diameter of 18.81 ± 8.63 mm. Pathology results revealed fibroadenoma in 70.85% of cases and papilloma in 19.43%. The overall removal rate was 99.2%, and the upgrade rate was <1%. Fibroadenoma was significantly more common in younger people, had a larger width, and was located farther away from the nipple than papilloma. Individuals with a lesion size of 13.5 mm or less and an age of 36.5 years or older were more likely to have papilloma than fibroadenoma. The reported issues consisted of temporary localised discomfort and haematoma. There were no serious complications, no hospitalisation or operation as a result of a complication, and no infection or antibiotic use was reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VAE is a safe and effective alternative to open surgery for those with benign breast lesions. VAE can be utilised for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, making it a more cost-effective choice while also increasing patient satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X241305025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing the role of shear wave elastography in differentiating corporal rigidity between vasculogenic versus non-vasculogenic erectile dysfunction patients.","authors":"Pushpendra Singh, Aditya Prakash Sharma, Prabhjyot Singh Chowhan, Ujjwal Gorsi, Ravimohan S Mavuduru, Simarjit Singh Rehsi, Anupam Lal, Uttam K Mete","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241275207","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241275207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Shear wave elastography is a new modality for the evaluation of erectile dysfunction by assessing the stiffness of corpora cavernosal tissue. We evaluated the shear wave elastography values in erectile dysfunction participants and compared shear wave elastography values between vasculogenic and non-vasculogenic erectile dysfunction participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Overall, 40 participants with clinically diagnosed erectile dysfunction filled out an abridged five-item version of the international index of erectile dysfunction-5 questionnaire and underwent shear wave elastography as well as pharmacologically induced penile erection test after intracavernosal papaverine injection. Shear wave elastography values were obtained serially at 5-minute interval at two locations: Central (cavernosal artery centered circular region) and Peripheral (near the tunica albuginea). Shear wave elastography values were compared with the erectile dysfunction subtypes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median international index of erectile dysfunction-5 score was 11 (interquartile range: 9-14). Median central shear wave elastography values were significantly lower in the erectile state as compared to flaccid state in both vasculogenic (8.27 kPa (interquartile range: 6.3-12.5) vs 23.27 kPa (interquartile range: 15.9-28.6) <i>p</i> = 0.000) and non-vasculogenic (5.50 kPa (interquartile range: 4.4-6.7) vs 23.85 kPa (interquartile range: 17.8-33.6) <i>p</i> = 0.000) erectile dysfunction participants. Vasculogenic erectile dysfunction participants had significantly higher central shear wave elastography value in erectile state than non-vasculogenic erectile dysfunction participants (8.27 kPa (interquartile range: 6.3-12.5) vs 5.50 kPa (interquartile range: 4.4-6.7) <i>p</i> = 0.001). Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis revealed that the cut-off value for central shear wave elastography was 5.65 kPa in erectile state with the sensitivity, and specificity for predicting vasculogenic erectile dysfunction being 90.9% and 61.1%, respectively (area under the curve -0.816; standard error of 0.071 (<i>p</i> = 0.001)).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Central cavernosal shear wave elastography is a good modality to objectively quantify the penile rigidity and can be used to distinguish the subtype of ED.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X241275207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing preceptorship programmes by exploring the needs of newly qualified sonographers through the lens of experienced ultrasound preceptors.","authors":"Rita Phillips, Siobhan Alsop","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241249042","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241249042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to explore the needs of newly qualified sonographers with respect to the requirements of preceptorship. This paper describes the first stage of research, with data obtained from a cohort of experienced preceptors. A second stage of research with data from newly qualified sonographers is pending synthesis with this work. The aim is to produce an evidenced-based tool to support departments in developing and implementing effective and robust preceptorship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve experienced participants from eight trusts, with a range of clinical backgrounds and experience were recruited. Two focus groups were held with questions structured around known themes highlighted in current evidence regarding newly qualified sonographers. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four main themes with subthemes emerged. These were: (1) the gaps between qualification and proficiency, (2) the need for managerial investment and formalisation, (3) the preceptor and (4) tools to support the transition and prevent burnout. Frequency data and quotes are given as exemplars.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Participants report that newly qualified sonographers require support in report writing, clinical reasoning and confidence, and this should be addressed within preceptorship while acknowledging individual needs. Managerial investment is essential in ensuring adequate support and protected time is available for important preceptorship activities, such as meeting for feedback and feedforward with opportunity to clearly document progression. Inadequate support may be damaging for the wellbeing of preceptor and preceptee and ultimately impact the standard of our ultrasound services and patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"4-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of fetal isolated cleft palate using assessment of the posterior hard palate angle.","authors":"Iglika Ivancheva Simeonova-Brachot","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241260220","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241260220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aims to evaluate the role of the posterior hard palate angle in the prenatal diagnosis of cleft palate.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Stored images of the axial transverse view of the fetal secondary palate, obtained at three-level obstetric ultrasounds, were used to evaluate the posterior border of the hard palate. The study population comprised 63 consecutive pregnancies of unaffected cases and 17 pregnancies suspected for a cleft palate without cleft lip, including 7 cases of cleft palate, 4 cases of high-arched palate, and 6 false-positive cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The posterior angle of the hard palate was significantly larger in the cleft palate group than in the healthy controls and false-positive cases: 227° (±51°) vs 160° (±16°), <i>p</i> < 0.0001; and 173° ± 18°, <i>p</i> < 0.0001, respectively. Regression analysis revealed that reflex angle remained an independent risk factor for cleft palate (odds ratio, 58.67 (95% confidence interval 10-341)). The sensitivity and specificity of the posterior angle assessment were 73% and 96%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The posterior hard palate angle could be an ultrasound marker of cleft palate without a cleft lip.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"12-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution ultrasound of thyroglossal cysts with special emphasis on the detection of cystic portions above the hyoid within the tongue base.","authors":"Jiri Podzimek, Kai Fruth, Peter Jecker","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241241783","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241241783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) within the tongue base represent a challenge for the surgeon and are often the cause of recurrence.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate diagnostic performance of high-resolution ultrasound in TGDCs within the tongue base, compared to intraoperative findings. Furthermore, accuracy with which the detection of thyroid tissue in parts of the thyroglossal duct cyst was possible was investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 50 patients with TGDCs were examined by high-resolution ultrasound. Every thyroglossal cystic lesion was examined for the presence of solid thyroid tissue with colour-coded duplex sonography and evaluated according to American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines. Ultimately, 45 of the 50 patients underwent surgery (Sistrunk procedure).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 38/50 patients (76%), TGDCs were seen in their typical distal location inferior to the hyoid. Four patients (8%) had the thyroglossal duct cyst superior and inferior to the hyoid. The TGDC remnants only in the tongue base were recognised in 16% of cases (8 patients). Histological specimens revealed thyroid tissue within the TGDCs in 23 of the 45 patients (49%). Thyroid tissue was diagnosed preoperatively in 15 patients (65%) <i>X</i> ²(1, <i>N</i> = 23) = 2.13, <i>p</i> = 0.144. One patient exhibited suspicious features for thyroid cancer, which was confirmed histologically as papillary thyroid carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-resolution ultrasound represents quick, safe and reliable imaging for TGDCs on both sides of the hyoid bone (inferior and superior) with an impact on surgical planning. Furthermore, thyroid tissue within TGDCs can be revealed preoperatively and assessed for suspicious features.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonographic imaging of the genicular nerves of the knee.","authors":"Michelle Fenech, Jerome Boyle, Bridie Roche","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241252297","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241252297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The genicular nerves are sensory nerves around the knee. With the improvements in ultrasound imaging resolution, these nerves can be identified sonographically.</p><p><strong>Topic description: </strong>Due to their small size, genicular nerves are often underappreciated and overlooked during routine sonographic imaging. Chronic pain associated with knee osteoarthritis, or postsurgical knee pain can be relieved by ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablations or nerve blockades targeting the genicular nerves.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>To sonographically image these nerves, or guide nerve blocks or ablations, knowledge of the sonographic anatomy, technique and normal appearances of the genicular nerves and their surrounding structures is required and is unpacked in this pictorial essay.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Enhanced knowledge of the anatomy and a systematic approach to sonographically image and assess the genicular nerves of the knee can enhance the diagnosis of pathology, nerve injury or entrapment, and sonographic guidance of interventional procedures for pain relief.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"49-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast carcinoma metastasis to the submandibular gland: Clinical, sonographic and pathological findings of a rare entity.","authors":"Lamees Salman, Zainab Al Shiekh Ali, David C Howlett","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241249066","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241249066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Metastatic disease to the submandibular gland is a rare phenomenon with limited information available on related imaging findings.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a 59-year-old female who presented with a palpable nodule in the right submandibular gland 6 years after treatment for breast carcinoma. Ultrasound findings were concerning for distant metastatic disease from breast cancer recurrence. The histopathological analysis of the biopsied tissue confirmed infiltration of the right submandibular gland with an adenocarcinoma from a breast primary.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Metastatic spread to the major salivary glands is relatively uncommon with a predilection to the parotid gland owing to its extensive intraglandular lymphatic system. Conversely, metastasis to the submandibular gland, which lacks intraglandular lymph nodes, is rare. Ultrasound is the optimal first-line imaging modality to aid in the assessment of submandibular gland disease. Malignant lesions often appear hypoechoic with heterogenous internal architecture and ill-defined borders. However, some low-grade malignancies, can have apparently benign features particularly when smaller in size. Where a focal submandibular gland lesion is identified and neoplasm is suspected, the early use of ultrasound-guided core biopsy is recommended to improve diagnostic yield for histological assessment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While submandibular metastasis is rare, clinical assessment, sonographic findings and use of core needle biopsy aid in prompt diagnosis and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"66-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"Colin P Griffin","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241310918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742271X241310918","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":"33 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11789093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misrepresented multiple endocrine neoplasia 2: Do the British Thyroid Association guidelines accurately predict thyroid cancer risk in high-risk groups with multiple endocrine neoplasia 2? A case series.","authors":"Arya Anthony Kamyab, Alex Weller, Kate Hulley, Gul Bano","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241260225","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241260225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The incidence of thyroid nodules in the general population is around 40%. The British Thyroid Association U-grading has high sensitivity for identifying the common thyroid cancer subtypes (papillary and follicular). However, ultrasound features of the rarer medullary thyroid cancer differ, with lower sensitivity for ultrasound detection.Hereditary medullary thyroid cancer accounts for 25% of cases, forming part of the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes (multiple endocrine neoplasia 2) and is associated with RET proto-oncogene mutation, for which gene testing is increasingly available. This study aims to evaluate British Thyroid Association U-grading for thyroid cancer risk stratification in this high-risk population.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>This was a retrospective review of four multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 patients referred for thyroid ultrasound. A total of 10 thyroid nodules were graded as part of routine evaluation, taken from an endocrine and genetics tertiary referral centre. Patients with identifiable RET mutation from March 2017 to February 2023 were reviewed.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Six patients had 10 thyroid nodules, of which 8 were graded as U2, 2 graded U3-5 and 8 confirmed as medullary thyroid cancer. However, two patients had no pathology data at the time of writing. For this cohort, U-grading and genetics were discordant, with RET gene testing more effective than ultrasound in cancer detection. All nodules should be considered high risk for medullary thyroid cancer, regardless of U-grade.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data demonstrate that British Thyroid Association U-score has limited value for medullary thyroid cancer detection in this high-risk group and cannot be used for risk stratification or surveillance. As a rarer thyroid cancer subtype, medullary thyroid cancer and the high-risk multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 population are under-represented in British Thyroid Association 2014 guidance and deserve consideration in future editions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"76-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac and vascular findings using ultrasound in hypovolemic children.","authors":"Rehab Gabr, Ahmed Al Hazmi, Nabeel Al Mashraki, Dafalla Yousef, Shamaila Amjad, Jihad Zahraa","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241313098","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241313098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ultrasound is a non-invasive tool that helps assess volume status.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the dehydration and passive leg raising impact on ultrasound-derived cardiac and inferior vena cava parameters to improve early detection of hypovolemia in children.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective observational study in a tertiary paediatric intensive care unit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 66 healthy children 8-14 years old who fasted in Ramadan. Inferior vena cava diameter, inferior vena cava collapsibility, velocity time integral and maximum velocity (Vmax) were measured at left ventricle outflow tract pre- and post-fasting, with and without passive leg raising. Aorta diameter in systole was also measured pre- and post-fasting.</p><p><strong>Outcome measures: </strong>Inferior vena cava diameter and collapsibility, velocity time integral and Vmax with and without passive leg raising, pre and post fasting, and inferior vena cava/Ao ratio pre and post fasting were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median percentage of weight loss after fasting was 1.1% (range, 0%-3.9%). Inferior vena cava maximum diameter and inferior vena cava/aorta did not change significantly after fasting (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Inferior vena cava diameters increased and inferior vena cava collapsibility decreased after passive leg raising (<i>p</i> < 0.001) pre and post fasting. Velocity time integral increased with passive leg raising (<i>p</i> < 0.001) but was not affected by fasting (<i>p</i> = 0.17). Vmax increased with passive leg raising and decreased in fasting (<i>p</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Passive leg raising affected ultrasound measurements. Left ventricle outflow tract Vmax was affected by fasting/mild dehydration, and further trials are needed to confirm its value in predicting hypovolemia in children.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>There was no significant effect of dehydration on the measurements probably because of the small sample and mild dehydration. This cannot be generalised because it is a single-centre study and younger children were not included.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X241313098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}