Ultrasound最新文献

{"title":"Developing preceptorship programmes by exploring the needs of newly qualified sonographers through the lens of experienced ultrasound preceptors.","authors":"Rita Phillips, Siobhan Alsop","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241249042","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241249042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to explore the needs of newly qualified sonographers with respect to the requirements of preceptorship. This paper describes the first stage of research, with data obtained from a cohort of experienced preceptors. A second stage of research with data from newly qualified sonographers is pending synthesis with this work. The aim is to produce an evidenced-based tool to support departments in developing and implementing effective and robust preceptorship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve experienced participants from eight trusts, with a range of clinical backgrounds and experience were recruited. Two focus groups were held with questions structured around known themes highlighted in current evidence regarding newly qualified sonographers. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four main themes with subthemes emerged. These were: (1) the gaps between qualification and proficiency, (2) the need for managerial investment and formalisation, (3) the preceptor and (4) tools to support the transition and prevent burnout. Frequency data and quotes are given as exemplars.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Participants report that newly qualified sonographers require support in report writing, clinical reasoning and confidence, and this should be addressed within preceptorship while acknowledging individual needs. Managerial investment is essential in ensuring adequate support and protected time is available for important preceptorship activities, such as meeting for feedback and feedforward with opportunity to clearly document progression. Inadequate support may be damaging for the wellbeing of preceptor and preceptee and ultimately impact the standard of our ultrasound services and patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"4-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution ultrasound of thyroglossal cysts with special emphasis on the detection of cystic portions above the hyoid within the tongue base.","authors":"Jiri Podzimek, Kai Fruth, Peter Jecker","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241241783","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241241783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) within the tongue base represent a challenge for the surgeon and are often the cause of recurrence.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate diagnostic performance of high-resolution ultrasound in TGDCs within the tongue base, compared to intraoperative findings. Furthermore, accuracy with which the detection of thyroid tissue in parts of the thyroglossal duct cyst was possible was investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 50 patients with TGDCs were examined by high-resolution ultrasound. Every thyroglossal cystic lesion was examined for the presence of solid thyroid tissue with colour-coded duplex sonography and evaluated according to American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines. Ultimately, 45 of the 50 patients underwent surgery (Sistrunk procedure).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 38/50 patients (76%), TGDCs were seen in their typical distal location inferior to the hyoid. Four patients (8%) had the thyroglossal duct cyst superior and inferior to the hyoid. The TGDC remnants only in the tongue base were recognised in 16% of cases (8 patients). Histological specimens revealed thyroid tissue within the TGDCs in 23 of the 45 patients (49%). Thyroid tissue was diagnosed preoperatively in 15 patients (65%) <i>X</i> ²(1, <i>N</i> = 23) = 2.13, <i>p</i> = 0.144. One patient exhibited suspicious features for thyroid cancer, which was confirmed histologically as papillary thyroid carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-resolution ultrasound represents quick, safe and reliable imaging for TGDCs on both sides of the hyoid bone (inferior and superior) with an impact on surgical planning. Furthermore, thyroid tissue within TGDCs can be revealed preoperatively and assessed for suspicious features.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonographic imaging of the genicular nerves of the knee.","authors":"Michelle Fenech, Jerome Boyle, Bridie Roche","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241252297","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241252297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The genicular nerves are sensory nerves around the knee. With the improvements in ultrasound imaging resolution, these nerves can be identified sonographically.</p><p><strong>Topic description: </strong>Due to their small size, genicular nerves are often underappreciated and overlooked during routine sonographic imaging. Chronic pain associated with knee osteoarthritis, or postsurgical knee pain can be relieved by ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablations or nerve blockades targeting the genicular nerves.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>To sonographically image these nerves, or guide nerve blocks or ablations, knowledge of the sonographic anatomy, technique and normal appearances of the genicular nerves and their surrounding structures is required and is unpacked in this pictorial essay.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Enhanced knowledge of the anatomy and a systematic approach to sonographically image and assess the genicular nerves of the knee can enhance the diagnosis of pathology, nerve injury or entrapment, and sonographic guidance of interventional procedures for pain relief.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"49-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast carcinoma metastasis to the submandibular gland: Clinical, sonographic and pathological findings of a rare entity.","authors":"Lamees Salman, Zainab Al Shiekh Ali, David C Howlett","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241249066","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241249066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Metastatic disease to the submandibular gland is a rare phenomenon with limited information available on related imaging findings.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a 59-year-old female who presented with a palpable nodule in the right submandibular gland 6 years after treatment for breast carcinoma. Ultrasound findings were concerning for distant metastatic disease from breast cancer recurrence. The histopathological analysis of the biopsied tissue confirmed infiltration of the right submandibular gland with an adenocarcinoma from a breast primary.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Metastatic spread to the major salivary glands is relatively uncommon with a predilection to the parotid gland owing to its extensive intraglandular lymphatic system. Conversely, metastasis to the submandibular gland, which lacks intraglandular lymph nodes, is rare. Ultrasound is the optimal first-line imaging modality to aid in the assessment of submandibular gland disease. Malignant lesions often appear hypoechoic with heterogenous internal architecture and ill-defined borders. However, some low-grade malignancies, can have apparently benign features particularly when smaller in size. Where a focal submandibular gland lesion is identified and neoplasm is suspected, the early use of ultrasound-guided core biopsy is recommended to improve diagnostic yield for histological assessment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While submandibular metastasis is rare, clinical assessment, sonographic findings and use of core needle biopsy aid in prompt diagnosis and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"66-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"Colin P Griffin","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241310918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742271X241310918","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":"33 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11789093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac and vascular findings using ultrasound in hypovolemic children.","authors":"Rehab Gabr, Ahmed Al Hazmi, Nabeel Al Mashraki, Dafalla Yousef, Shamaila Amjad, Jihad Zahraa","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241313098","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241313098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ultrasound is a non-invasive tool that helps assess volume status.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the dehydration and passive leg raising impact on ultrasound-derived cardiac and inferior vena cava parameters to improve early detection of hypovolemia in children.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective observational study in a tertiary paediatric intensive care unit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 66 healthy children 8-14 years old who fasted in Ramadan. Inferior vena cava diameter, inferior vena cava collapsibility, velocity time integral and maximum velocity (Vmax) were measured at left ventricle outflow tract pre- and post-fasting, with and without passive leg raising. Aorta diameter in systole was also measured pre- and post-fasting.</p><p><strong>Outcome measures: </strong>Inferior vena cava diameter and collapsibility, velocity time integral and Vmax with and without passive leg raising, pre and post fasting, and inferior vena cava/Ao ratio pre and post fasting were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median percentage of weight loss after fasting was 1.1% (range, 0%-3.9%). Inferior vena cava maximum diameter and inferior vena cava/aorta did not change significantly after fasting (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Inferior vena cava diameters increased and inferior vena cava collapsibility decreased after passive leg raising (<i>p</i> < 0.001) pre and post fasting. Velocity time integral increased with passive leg raising (<i>p</i> < 0.001) but was not affected by fasting (<i>p</i> = 0.17). Vmax increased with passive leg raising and decreased in fasting (<i>p</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Passive leg raising affected ultrasound measurements. Left ventricle outflow tract Vmax was affected by fasting/mild dehydration, and further trials are needed to confirm its value in predicting hypovolemia in children.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>There was no significant effect of dehydration on the measurements probably because of the small sample and mild dehydration. This cannot be generalised because it is a single-centre study and younger children were not included.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X241313098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variable Imaging Appearances and Diagnostic Certainty Challenges in Confirming Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours (NET): A Case Report.","authors":"Kamal J Bambhania, Dr Philip Shorvon","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241305011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742271X241305011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (NET) originates from the neuroendocrine cells responsible for producing and releasing hormones. They are uncommon findings, mainly seen arising from the head of the pancreas and their appearances may vary among different imaging modalities.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>Interesting case of an asymptomatic patient with an incidental finding of a pancreatic lesion and its variable appearances across different modalities and final histology findings.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Ultrasound (US) is the most requested examination as an imaging modality due to its easy accessibility, affordability, and real time assessment feature. This case shows that ultrasound examination although deemed poor in assessing pancreas due to its location and overlying bowel gas, however, can play a vital role especially among asymptomatic patients. It discusses the range of differentials diagnoses including pancreatic NET, Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), adenocarcinoma, mucinous cystic neoplasm, and a pseudo papillary neoplasm due to variable imaging appearances of the pancreatic lesion on US and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Results were reviewed in the Upper Gastrointestinal Multidisciplinary teams meeting and Endoscopic ultrasound scan (EUS) with tissue sampling was undertaken to confirm the diagnosis. The patient underwent prophylactic surgery, and the histology report concluded that the lesion to be a pancreatic NET.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To conclude, we felt that sharing this interesting complex case was important as it highlights the difficulty in diagnostic certainty when dealing with a pancreatic lesion due to its variability in presentation on different modalities and the requirement of multidisciplinary team approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X241305011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11701901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two case reports of triple ectopic: Literature review of incidence, risk factors and management of recurrent ectopic pregnancy.","authors":"Ibrahim Bolaji, Aparna Yandra, Mary Oluwakemisola Awoniyi, Caleb Nkem Igbenehi","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241299228","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241299228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ectopic pregnancy is a gynaecological emergency. While its identification and management are monumental, it also impacts the patient's future fertility. Ectopic pregnancy is one of the leading causes for maternal deaths in the first trimester. The rate of ectopic pregnancy in the United Kingdom is reported to be 11 per 1000 pregnancies, with a maternal mortality of 0.2 per 1000 estimated ectopic pregnancies and two-thirds of these deaths are associated with substandard care. Literature is replete with risk factors leading to ectopic pregnancy, such as tubal disease, previous pelvic surgery, tubal surgery, assisted reproduction, smoking and so on. The paper employs case scenarios of recurrent ectopic pregnancies in two patients with triple recurrent ecotpic pregnacies. It discusses the risk factors and preventive measures to avoid multiple recurrences.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X241299228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11635797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the hernia in groin ultrasound.","authors":"Karthik M Vasudeva, Siddharth Thaker, Harun Gupta","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241299241","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241299241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Groin discomfort is one of the most common presenting complaints in health care and often requires ultrasound to detect hernias. However, such singular emphasis leads to over diagnosing hernia and other significant aetiologies in and around the groin are overlooked.</p><p><strong>Topic description: </strong>The article elaborates on the key areas a sonographer needs to focus on and presents a range of conditions responsible for groin pain other than hernia.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In addition to evaluating for hernia, a groin ultrasound should evaluate structures in the inguinal canal, the adductor muscles and symphyseal region, the superficial inguinal lymph nodes, the femoral neurovascular bundle, the hip joint with periarticular regions and the structures in the right iliac fossa.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sonographers must have a methodical approach, a good knowledge of normal anatomy and pathologies and a comprehensive understanding of the various types of groin abnormalities for a thorough examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X241299241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of artificial intelligence-based clinical decision support system's performance in reducing the fine needle aspiration rate of thyroid nodules: A pilot study.","authors":"Amy Barnes, Rebecca White, Heather Venables, Vincent Lam, Ram Vaidhyanath","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241299220","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241299220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This pilot study aims to evaluate the clinical impact of artificial intelligence-based decision support, Koios Decision Support™, on the diagnostic performance of ultrasound assessment of thyroid nodules, and as a result to avoid fine needle aspiration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective pilot study was conducted on ultrasound images of thyroid nodules investigated with fine needle aspiration from January 2022 to December 2022. Orthogonal ultrasound images of thyroid nodules, previously investigated with fine needle aspiration, were compared with the Koios Decision Support™ suggestion to perform fine needle aspiration. Surgical histology was used as ground truth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 29 patients (76% women) with a mean age of 48 ± 16.5 years were evaluated, <i>n</i> = 15 (52%) were histologically proven benign and <i>n</i> = 14 (48%) were malignant. In the benign group, Koios Decision Support™ suggested avoidable fine needle aspiration in <i>n</i> = 8 (53%). In the malignant group, Koios Decision Support™ suggested follow-up or no fine needle aspiration in <i>n</i> = 2 (14%). Sensitivity is 85.7% (<i>n</i> = 12) (<i>p</i> = 0.027), whereas specificity is 53.3% (<i>n</i> = 8) (<i>p</i> = 0.027). The positive predictive value is 63.2% (<i>n</i> = 12), negative predictive value is 80% (<i>n</i> = 8), false-negative value is 20% (<i>n</i> = 2) and false-positive value is 36.8% (<i>n</i> = 7). Based on artificial intelligence decision, one cancer would have been missed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Artificial intelligence can improve specificity without significantly compromising sensitivity. There was a suggested reduction in the fine needle aspiration rate, in the histologically proven benign nodules, by 53%. This had no statistical significance, likely due to the small population, however, it is thought to be the largest study to date. Further investigation with wider-ranging studies is suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X241299220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11625399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}