Ultrasound最新文献

{"title":"Sonographic imaging of the radial nerve proper: Five potential entrapment sites.","authors":"Michelle Fenech, Andrew Grant, Heath Edwards","doi":"10.1177/1742271X251337395","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X251337395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Entrapment of the radial nerve proper can cause sensory and motor symptoms which can be challenging to clinically interpret and identify.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A review of literature relating to radial nerve proper entrapment and the sonographic technique to image and assess the radial nerve proper was performed, and results were analysed and synthesised.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>There are five main sites of potential radial nerve proper entrapment which sonographers can readily assess to exclude or identify the cause, site and degree of any neural involvement.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Ultrasound of the radial nerve proper when used appropriately provides a fast, cost-effective method to image and assess the radial nerve proper and its surrounding structures and identify entrapment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Real-time correlation of sonographic findings regarding the radial nerve proper and sensory symptoms with the sonographic Tinel test can help guide patient management and interventions such as local anaesthesia for pain relief or hydrodissection to free entrapped nerves from surrounding tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X251337395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Radial Arc technique: A systematic ultrasound method to imaging the distal biceps brachii tendon from a medial approach with anatomical insights.","authors":"Stavros Daoukas, Dimitrios Galanis","doi":"10.1177/1742271X251337389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742271X251337389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Distal biceps brachii tendon disorders predominantly result from repetitive use and eccentric loading. High-resolution ultrasound has emerged as a preferred diagnostic tool due to its dynamic imaging capabilities, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Topic description: </strong>This paper introduces the Radial arc technique, a didactic and systematic ultrasound scanning method from a medial approach designed to facilitate the identification of the distal biceps brachii tendon insertion in the long-axis view. The technique is a five-step sonographic approach navigating sonographers and clinicians through a series of landmarks to address the often-complex sonographic examination of the distal biceps brachii tendon insertion. The paper also provides detailed anatomical insights into the biceps brachii muscle and the distal tendinous complex, highlighting key morphological features critical for accurate ultrasound interpretation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The proposed approach is tailored to support the educational development of undergraduate and postgraduate students specialising in musculoskeletal sonography and enhance the practical skills of early-career and experienced sonographers and clinicians utilising point-of-care ultrasound. The anatomical framework provided offers a deeper understanding of the distal biceps brachii tendinous complex, supporting diagnostic accuracy for distal biceps brachii tendon-related conditions that are critical for guiding patient management.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The systematic nature of the Radial arc technique aims to standardise practices not only in clinical settings but also in the design and execution of research studies involving the assessment of the distal biceps brachii tendon integrity with ultrasound. Future research should focus on assessing the reproducibility of the Radial arc technique in diverse clinical settings and among different practitioners and operators, crucial for its adoption in sonographic diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X251337389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosing adenomyosis using transvaginal ultrasound in current practice: A scoping review and service evaluation.","authors":"Dawn Smith, Gareth Bolton","doi":"10.1177/1742271X251338147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742271X251338147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A departmental audit identified a case of adenomyosis which had not been reported, highlighting the need to assess whether the current service provision is adequate in identifying patients with (possible) adenomyosis and how improvements in this part of the service could be made.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess whether sonographers are effectively identifying and reporting adenomyosis on transvaginal ultrasound.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A scoping review and retrospective service evaluation was undertaken which included (<i>n</i> = 79) adult female premenopausal patients with symptoms of adenomyosis who had undergone a transvaginal ultrasound scan during the first quarter of 2023. Patients were identified using the CRIS statistic module according to pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. All data were anonymised and collated to include the patient age, referral information (symptoms), scan report and sonographer. The scan report and archived images were evaluated using the sonographic signs identified by the Morphological Uterus Sonographic Assessment group (Harmsen et al., 2022) and then compared to the original report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 21.5% (<i>n</i> = 17) of patients had signs of adenomyosis on image review, but only 23.5% (<i>n</i> = 4) of these were reported as such. The majority (<i>n</i> = 8) of unidentified cases were reported as having a 'heterogeneous myometrium'. Inter-rater agreement ranged from 50% to 100%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most ultrasonic diagnoses of adenomyosis were not identified in our service which is likely due to a lack of internationally agreed criteria for ultrasound diagnosis of adenomyosis preventing adequate reporting.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X251338147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ultrasound-based simulation to improve clinical competency in evaluation of first-trimester bleeding in undergraduate medical education.","authors":"Anna Marie Pacheco Young, Ismely Minaya, Russell Horowitz, Weronika Armstrong","doi":"10.1177/1742271X251337377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742271X251337377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To implement a transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) simulation to improve comfort with obstetric and gynaecologic ultrasound and increase knowledge in diagnosis and management of early pregnancy-related complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Third-year medical students enrolled in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology (OBGYN) clerkship between 2023 and 2024 participated in a didactic session and ultrasound simulation about aetiologies for vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy. They were guided through four different clinical scenarios of pelvic pathology including a non-pregnant uterine model representing a pregnancy of unknown location (PUL), ectopic pregnancy and normal first-trimester intrauterine pregnancy. Pre- and post-assessments were completed focused on knowledge and self-perceived confidence in evaluation and management of early pregnancy bleeding using TVUS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 109 students completed the pre-assessment, and 104 completed the post-assessment. The mean pre-simulation knowledge score was 58%, and mean post-test knowledge score was 69%. We compared pre- and post-simulation percent correct which showed approximately a 11% increase in percent correct in the assessment after the didactic and ultrasound simulation (<i>p</i>-value < 0.05). Overall comfort in diagnosis of early pregnancy complications and TVUS skills significantly increased from an average Likert-type scale of 2 to 5 (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TVUS simulation can be a helpful adjunct to learning important women's health topics and should be considered an important skill in training future physicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X251337377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can the organic coating of breast tissue markers be sampled by an ultrasound-guided core cut biopsy without removing the clip marker? A proof-of-concept evaluation of two coated clip marker types in turkey breast tissue to improve representativity of ultrasound-guided core cut biopsies.","authors":"Benedikt Schaefgen, Sabrina Steudt, Thomas Albrecht, Riku Togawa, Juliane Nees, Fabian Riedel, Michael Golatta, Jörg Heil","doi":"10.1177/1742271X251337701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742271X251337701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this preclinical study was to test if the organic coating of two breast tissue clip markers (HydroMARK and UltraClip) can be sampled selectively by an ultrasound-guided core cut biopsy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten clip markers of each type were inserted in four turkey breasts. Sonographic visibility was graded by the performing physicians. Core cut biopsy was performed, aiming to sample only the organic coating while leaving the clip marker in situ. Mammography, specimen radiography and gross inspection of the biopsy samples were conducted to evaluate dislocation or removal of the clips. The specimens were examined histopathologically to detect fragments of the coating material.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HydroMARK was superior regarding biopsy feasibility and detectability of the coating. The organic coating of HydroMARK could be sampled selectively without dislocating the clip marker. Fragments of the coating material were visible macroscopically in 7 out of 10 biopsy specimens and could be detected in the histopathologic workup in 5 out of 10 specimens. The coating material of the UltraClip was not visible in any sample.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that the organic coating could be identified in core cut biopsy samples, both on a macroscopic and microscopic level. This could potentially be used to verify representativity of minimal invasive biopsies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X251337701"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquefaction of renal allograft: An unprecedented complication in transplantation medicine.","authors":"Salman J Arain, Adam H Morrell","doi":"10.1177/1742271X251337256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742271X251337256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Renal transplantation stands as the gold standard treatment for end-stage renal disease, offering improved quality of life and increased survival compared to dialysis. However, despite its advantages, renal allograft failure can occur, necessitating careful management to mitigate associated complications. Instances of liquefaction of the transplanted kidney are exceedingly rare, posing unique challenges to clinicians in the management of allograft failure. Existing literature highlights the complexities surrounding decisions regarding dialysis reinitiation, immunosuppression management, and the potential need for transplant nephrectomy in patients with failed renal allografts.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 52-year-old Caucasian female with a complex medical history including stage 5 chronic kidney disease, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with mild left ventricular systolic dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, and a history of cardiac arrest resulting in hypoxic brain injury, presented with a unique complication following renal transplantation. Imaging studies revealed complete breakdown and liquefaction of the transplanted kidney in the right iliac fossa. Despite interventions such as ultrasound-guided aspiration and drainage, the patient's condition continued to deteriorate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights a rare occurrence of allograft liquefaction following renal transplantation, emphasising the need for vigilance in monitoring transplant recipients for uncommon complications. The management of such cases requires a multidisciplinary approach, considering factors such as dialysis reinitiation timing, immunosuppression management, and the potential need for transplant nephrectomy. Further research is warranted to elucidate the pathophysiology and optimal management strategies for unique complications such as allograft liquefaction, underscoring the importance of individualised treatment approaches in complex clinical scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X251337256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"Colin P Griffin","doi":"10.1177/1742271X251331308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742271X251331308","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":"33 2","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound imaging for sternoclavicular joint involvement in enthesitis-related arthritis: A closer look at capsular enthesitis.","authors":"Fiammetta Zunica, Martina Loiodice, Francesca Riccaboni, Patrizia Carlucci, Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti, Vincenzo Ricci","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241260248","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241260248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Enthesitis-related arthritis is a specific subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis characterised by the co-presence of arthritis and enthesitis or the evidence of one of them coupled with at least two among sacroiliac joint tenderness, inflammatory back pain, presence of human leukocyte antigen-B27, acute symptomatic anterior uveitis, onset in a male child aged 6 years or older or history of spondyloarthropathy in a first-degree relative. Small joints like the sternoclavicular joint are rarely affected, and the prevalence of their involvement in enthesitis-related arthritis has been poorly assessed in the pertinent literature.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>The authors report an atypical case of left sternoclavicular joint arthritis/enthesitis in a 12-year-old male child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The B-mode sonographic findings of articular effusion, synovial hypertrophy and capsular bulging, coupled with the microvascular mapping with colour Doppler of the sternoclavicular joint, have been crucial to optimising the pharmacological approach in clinical practice. In this sense, the sonographic examination presented as a natural extension of the physical examination to accurately define the poor control of disease activity using first-line pharmacological agents.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The present case report can be considered the first to accurately report the B-mode and the colour Doppler findings of a pathological sternoclavicular joint in a patient enthesitis-related arthritis. Ultrasound imaging demonstrated intra-articular effusion, capsular bulging and synovial hypertrophy clearly defining sternoclavicular joint arthritis. Interestingly, the hypervascularisation involved both the synovial tissue and the capsule-bone interface - that is, the enthesis of the joint capsule - suggesting a potential co-existence of arthritis and enthesitis of the sternoclavicular joint in enthesitis-related arthritis patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high-resolution point-of-care ultrasound seems to be a potential 'game changer' in paediatrics to promptly optimise the pharmacological management in enthesitis-related arthritis patients. Indeed, unlike other imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, modern high-frequency ultrasound transducers guarantee a superior spatial resolution of superficial joints and allow an accurate mapping of small-size and low-flow vascular elements of synovial and capsular tissues optimising the grading of disease activity and avoiding the use of contrast agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"153-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound assessment of the effect of patient position and body shape on peri-operative renal transplant cortical resistive indices and perfusion.","authors":"Linda Thebridge, Charles Fisher, Vikram Puttaswamy, Carol Pollock, Jillian Clarke","doi":"10.1177/1742271X251320546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742271X251320546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple factors impact kidney perfusion peri-operatively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of patient position and size on renal transplant perfusion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive adult recipients of 123 single renal grafts were studied. Renal artery velocity, renal vein velocity and cortical resistive indices were measured in supine, oblique and decubitus positions on post-operative days 1, 3, 7 and 30, and standing on days 7 and 30.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Positional resistive indices were significantly lower than the supine resistive indices except in the day 1 oblique scan. Greater reductions in resistive indices occurred in grafts with higher supine cortical resistive indices, higher renal vein velocities and greater change in renal vein velocities. Renal artery velocities, renal vein velocities and resistive indices progressively decreased with greater positional change. Although renal vein velocities correlated poorly with resistive indices in individual patients, mean resistive indices correlated well (<i>r</i> ² = 0.73) with mean renal vein velocities for scans in different positions and on different days, and less so with mean renal artery velocities (<i>r</i> ² = 0.37). Supine abdominal girth and change in girth with position were more strongly associated with larger changes in supine resistive indices than recipient weight, body mass index or peri-operative weight gain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Peri-operative renal transplant resistive indices, renal artery velocities and renal vein velocities improve with patient positional change due to reduced compression of the graft and renal vein, with implications for post-operative ultrasound scanning protocols, documentation and reporting. Peri-operative patient position, especially for at-risk grafts, is a modifiable risk factor for poorer graft outcomes. Patients should be nursed in the decubitus position rather than supine. Abdominal girth is more relevant to pre-operative patient assessment than weight or body mass index.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X251320546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the use of BodyWorks Eve® high-fidelity ultrasound simulation equipment in formative clinical assessments.","authors":"Jane Arezina, Sandra Morrissey, Wendy Harrison","doi":"10.1177/1742271X251320549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742271X251320549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Increasing demand for ultrasound services is reducing learners' access to medical ultrasound clinical experience. High-fidelity simulation equipment, such as the BodyWorks Eve®, enhances the learners' experience and scanning ability. This has the potential to improve patient safety as the learners' ability to detect, identify and accurately report a known pathology can be assessed, which is not possible in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants performed one pathological ultrasound examination on the BodyWorks Eve® and the participants' performance level was assessed by the primary investigator using a formative clinical assessment form already used by the Diagnostic Imaging programme at the University of Leeds. The outcome was analysed using narrative statistics, and participants' feedback was evaluated using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16 participants were recruited. Eight (50%) reached the required level, but eight (50%) failed to reach the required level in at least one of the seven criteria that indicate professionally incompetent or dangerous practice. Thematic analysis of all the participants' comments identified four main themes and two sub-themes which highlighted the benefits of the simulated assessment for prompting reflection, replicating clinical practice and gaining confidence in the assessment process, while also identifying negative aspects such as technical limitations when using the BodyWorks Eve®.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most participants evaluated the BodyWorks Eve® favourably. Using BodyWorks Eve® for formative clinical assessments is feasible and acceptable to participants. Further correlation to outcomes in clinical practice would be useful.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X251320549"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}