Ultrasound最新文献

{"title":"Ultrasound assessment of the effect of patient position and body shape on peri-operative renal transplant cortical resistive indices and perfusion.","authors":"Linda Thebridge, Charles Fisher, Vikram Puttaswamy, Carol Pollock, Jillian Clarke","doi":"10.1177/1742271X251320546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742271X251320546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple factors impact kidney perfusion peri-operatively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of patient position and size on renal transplant perfusion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive adult recipients of 123 single renal grafts were studied. Renal artery velocity, renal vein velocity and cortical resistive indices were measured in supine, oblique and decubitus positions on post-operative days 1, 3, 7 and 30, and standing on days 7 and 30.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Positional resistive indices were significantly lower than the supine resistive indices except in the day 1 oblique scan. Greater reductions in resistive indices occurred in grafts with higher supine cortical resistive indices, higher renal vein velocities and greater change in renal vein velocities. Renal artery velocities, renal vein velocities and resistive indices progressively decreased with greater positional change. Although renal vein velocities correlated poorly with resistive indices in individual patients, mean resistive indices correlated well (<i>r</i> ² = 0.73) with mean renal vein velocities for scans in different positions and on different days, and less so with mean renal artery velocities (<i>r</i> ² = 0.37). Supine abdominal girth and change in girth with position were more strongly associated with larger changes in supine resistive indices than recipient weight, body mass index or peri-operative weight gain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Peri-operative renal transplant resistive indices, renal artery velocities and renal vein velocities improve with patient positional change due to reduced compression of the graft and renal vein, with implications for post-operative ultrasound scanning protocols, documentation and reporting. Peri-operative patient position, especially for at-risk grafts, is a modifiable risk factor for poorer graft outcomes. Patients should be nursed in the decubitus position rather than supine. Abdominal girth is more relevant to pre-operative patient assessment than weight or body mass index.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X251320546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the use of BodyWorks Eve® high-fidelity ultrasound simulation equipment in formative clinical assessments.","authors":"Jane Arezina, Sandra Morrissey, Wendy Harrison","doi":"10.1177/1742271X251320549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742271X251320549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Increasing demand for ultrasound services is reducing learners' access to medical ultrasound clinical experience. High-fidelity simulation equipment, such as the BodyWorks Eve®, enhances the learners' experience and scanning ability. This has the potential to improve patient safety as the learners' ability to detect, identify and accurately report a known pathology can be assessed, which is not possible in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants performed one pathological ultrasound examination on the BodyWorks Eve® and the participants' performance level was assessed by the primary investigator using a formative clinical assessment form already used by the Diagnostic Imaging programme at the University of Leeds. The outcome was analysed using narrative statistics, and participants' feedback was evaluated using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16 participants were recruited. Eight (50%) reached the required level, but eight (50%) failed to reach the required level in at least one of the seven criteria that indicate professionally incompetent or dangerous practice. Thematic analysis of all the participants' comments identified four main themes and two sub-themes which highlighted the benefits of the simulated assessment for prompting reflection, replicating clinical practice and gaining confidence in the assessment process, while also identifying negative aspects such as technical limitations when using the BodyWorks Eve®.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most participants evaluated the BodyWorks Eve® favourably. Using BodyWorks Eve® for formative clinical assessments is feasible and acceptable to participants. Further correlation to outcomes in clinical practice would be useful.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X251320549"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-guided seven-gauge vacuum-assisted excision for benign breast lesions: A single expert surgeon experience.","authors":"Parisa Aziminezhadan, Alireza Pouramini, Hesam Ghassemof, Fereshteh Hosseinzadeh, Fatemeh Hosseinzadeh, Sina Seyedipour, Danial Abbasi, Erfan Sheikhbahaei","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241305025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742271X241305025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A large percentage of women fear benign breast lesion surgery, and it is a burden to the healthcare system. Ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted excision (VAE) is as effective as surgery but does not require general anaesthesia, leaves no scars, and improves patient satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort research carried out on recorded data of a single breast surgeon. VAE was performed on 611 patients with ACR BIRADS 3 or 4a lesions utilising EnCor Enspire equipment and a 7G probe. The average follow-up time was 30.25 ± 9.12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 772 VAEs were performed on lesions with an average diameter of 18.81 ± 8.63 mm. Pathology results revealed fibroadenoma in 70.85% of cases and papilloma in 19.43%. The overall removal rate was 99.2%, and the upgrade rate was <1%. Fibroadenoma was significantly more common in younger people, had a larger width, and was located farther away from the nipple than papilloma. Individuals with a lesion size of 13.5 mm or less and an age of 36.5 years or older were more likely to have papilloma than fibroadenoma. The reported issues consisted of temporary localised discomfort and haematoma. There were no serious complications, no hospitalisation or operation as a result of a complication, and no infection or antibiotic use was reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VAE is a safe and effective alternative to open surgery for those with benign breast lesions. VAE can be utilised for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, making it a more cost-effective choice while also increasing patient satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X241305025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing the role of shear wave elastography in differentiating corporal rigidity between vasculogenic versus non-vasculogenic erectile dysfunction patients.","authors":"Pushpendra Singh, Aditya Prakash Sharma, Prabhjyot Singh Chowhan, Ujjwal Gorsi, Ravimohan S Mavuduru, Simarjit Singh Rehsi, Anupam Lal, Uttam K Mete","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241275207","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241275207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Shear wave elastography is a new modality for the evaluation of erectile dysfunction by assessing the stiffness of corpora cavernosal tissue. We evaluated the shear wave elastography values in erectile dysfunction participants and compared shear wave elastography values between vasculogenic and non-vasculogenic erectile dysfunction participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Overall, 40 participants with clinically diagnosed erectile dysfunction filled out an abridged five-item version of the international index of erectile dysfunction-5 questionnaire and underwent shear wave elastography as well as pharmacologically induced penile erection test after intracavernosal papaverine injection. Shear wave elastography values were obtained serially at 5-minute interval at two locations: Central (cavernosal artery centered circular region) and Peripheral (near the tunica albuginea). Shear wave elastography values were compared with the erectile dysfunction subtypes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median international index of erectile dysfunction-5 score was 11 (interquartile range: 9-14). Median central shear wave elastography values were significantly lower in the erectile state as compared to flaccid state in both vasculogenic (8.27 kPa (interquartile range: 6.3-12.5) vs 23.27 kPa (interquartile range: 15.9-28.6) <i>p</i> = 0.000) and non-vasculogenic (5.50 kPa (interquartile range: 4.4-6.7) vs 23.85 kPa (interquartile range: 17.8-33.6) <i>p</i> = 0.000) erectile dysfunction participants. Vasculogenic erectile dysfunction participants had significantly higher central shear wave elastography value in erectile state than non-vasculogenic erectile dysfunction participants (8.27 kPa (interquartile range: 6.3-12.5) vs 5.50 kPa (interquartile range: 4.4-6.7) <i>p</i> = 0.001). Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis revealed that the cut-off value for central shear wave elastography was 5.65 kPa in erectile state with the sensitivity, and specificity for predicting vasculogenic erectile dysfunction being 90.9% and 61.1%, respectively (area under the curve -0.816; standard error of 0.071 (<i>p</i> = 0.001)).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Central cavernosal shear wave elastography is a good modality to objectively quantify the penile rigidity and can be used to distinguish the subtype of ED.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X241275207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution ultrasound of thyroglossal cysts with special emphasis on the detection of cystic portions above the hyoid within the tongue base.","authors":"Jiri Podzimek, Kai Fruth, Peter Jecker","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241241783","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241241783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) within the tongue base represent a challenge for the surgeon and are often the cause of recurrence.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate diagnostic performance of high-resolution ultrasound in TGDCs within the tongue base, compared to intraoperative findings. Furthermore, accuracy with which the detection of thyroid tissue in parts of the thyroglossal duct cyst was possible was investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 50 patients with TGDCs were examined by high-resolution ultrasound. Every thyroglossal cystic lesion was examined for the presence of solid thyroid tissue with colour-coded duplex sonography and evaluated according to American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines. Ultimately, 45 of the 50 patients underwent surgery (Sistrunk procedure).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 38/50 patients (76%), TGDCs were seen in their typical distal location inferior to the hyoid. Four patients (8%) had the thyroglossal duct cyst superior and inferior to the hyoid. The TGDC remnants only in the tongue base were recognised in 16% of cases (8 patients). Histological specimens revealed thyroid tissue within the TGDCs in 23 of the 45 patients (49%). Thyroid tissue was diagnosed preoperatively in 15 patients (65%) <i>X</i> ²(1, <i>N</i> = 23) = 2.13, <i>p</i> = 0.144. One patient exhibited suspicious features for thyroid cancer, which was confirmed histologically as papillary thyroid carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-resolution ultrasound represents quick, safe and reliable imaging for TGDCs on both sides of the hyoid bone (inferior and superior) with an impact on surgical planning. Furthermore, thyroid tissue within TGDCs can be revealed preoperatively and assessed for suspicious features.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"Colin P Griffin","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241310918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742271X241310918","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":"33 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11789093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac and vascular findings using ultrasound in hypovolemic children.","authors":"Rehab Gabr, Ahmed Al Hazmi, Nabeel Al Mashraki, Dafalla Yousef, Shamaila Amjad, Jihad Zahraa","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241313098","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241313098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ultrasound is a non-invasive tool that helps assess volume status.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the dehydration and passive leg raising impact on ultrasound-derived cardiac and inferior vena cava parameters to improve early detection of hypovolemia in children.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective observational study in a tertiary paediatric intensive care unit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 66 healthy children 8-14 years old who fasted in Ramadan. Inferior vena cava diameter, inferior vena cava collapsibility, velocity time integral and maximum velocity (Vmax) were measured at left ventricle outflow tract pre- and post-fasting, with and without passive leg raising. Aorta diameter in systole was also measured pre- and post-fasting.</p><p><strong>Outcome measures: </strong>Inferior vena cava diameter and collapsibility, velocity time integral and Vmax with and without passive leg raising, pre and post fasting, and inferior vena cava/Ao ratio pre and post fasting were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median percentage of weight loss after fasting was 1.1% (range, 0%-3.9%). Inferior vena cava maximum diameter and inferior vena cava/aorta did not change significantly after fasting (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Inferior vena cava diameters increased and inferior vena cava collapsibility decreased after passive leg raising (<i>p</i> < 0.001) pre and post fasting. Velocity time integral increased with passive leg raising (<i>p</i> < 0.001) but was not affected by fasting (<i>p</i> = 0.17). Vmax increased with passive leg raising and decreased in fasting (<i>p</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Passive leg raising affected ultrasound measurements. Left ventricle outflow tract Vmax was affected by fasting/mild dehydration, and further trials are needed to confirm its value in predicting hypovolemia in children.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>There was no significant effect of dehydration on the measurements probably because of the small sample and mild dehydration. This cannot be generalised because it is a single-centre study and younger children were not included.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X241313098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variable Imaging Appearances and Diagnostic Certainty Challenges in Confirming Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours (NET): A Case Report.","authors":"Kamal J Bambhania, Dr Philip Shorvon","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241305011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742271X241305011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (NET) originates from the neuroendocrine cells responsible for producing and releasing hormones. They are uncommon findings, mainly seen arising from the head of the pancreas and their appearances may vary among different imaging modalities.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>Interesting case of an asymptomatic patient with an incidental finding of a pancreatic lesion and its variable appearances across different modalities and final histology findings.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Ultrasound (US) is the most requested examination as an imaging modality due to its easy accessibility, affordability, and real time assessment feature. This case shows that ultrasound examination although deemed poor in assessing pancreas due to its location and overlying bowel gas, however, can play a vital role especially among asymptomatic patients. It discusses the range of differentials diagnoses including pancreatic NET, Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), adenocarcinoma, mucinous cystic neoplasm, and a pseudo papillary neoplasm due to variable imaging appearances of the pancreatic lesion on US and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Results were reviewed in the Upper Gastrointestinal Multidisciplinary teams meeting and Endoscopic ultrasound scan (EUS) with tissue sampling was undertaken to confirm the diagnosis. The patient underwent prophylactic surgery, and the histology report concluded that the lesion to be a pancreatic NET.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To conclude, we felt that sharing this interesting complex case was important as it highlights the difficulty in diagnostic certainty when dealing with a pancreatic lesion due to its variability in presentation on different modalities and the requirement of multidisciplinary team approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X241305011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11701901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two case reports of triple ectopic: Literature review of incidence, risk factors and management of recurrent ectopic pregnancy.","authors":"Ibrahim Bolaji, Aparna Yandra, Mary Oluwakemisola Awoniyi, Caleb Nkem Igbenehi","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241299228","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241299228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ectopic pregnancy is a gynaecological emergency. While its identification and management are monumental, it also impacts the patient's future fertility. Ectopic pregnancy is one of the leading causes for maternal deaths in the first trimester. The rate of ectopic pregnancy in the United Kingdom is reported to be 11 per 1000 pregnancies, with a maternal mortality of 0.2 per 1000 estimated ectopic pregnancies and two-thirds of these deaths are associated with substandard care. Literature is replete with risk factors leading to ectopic pregnancy, such as tubal disease, previous pelvic surgery, tubal surgery, assisted reproduction, smoking and so on. The paper employs case scenarios of recurrent ectopic pregnancies in two patients with triple recurrent ecotpic pregnacies. It discusses the risk factors and preventive measures to avoid multiple recurrences.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X241299228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11635797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the hernia in groin ultrasound.","authors":"Karthik M Vasudeva, Siddharth Thaker, Harun Gupta","doi":"10.1177/1742271X241299241","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X241299241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Groin discomfort is one of the most common presenting complaints in health care and often requires ultrasound to detect hernias. However, such singular emphasis leads to over diagnosing hernia and other significant aetiologies in and around the groin are overlooked.</p><p><strong>Topic description: </strong>The article elaborates on the key areas a sonographer needs to focus on and presents a range of conditions responsible for groin pain other than hernia.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In addition to evaluating for hernia, a groin ultrasound should evaluate structures in the inguinal canal, the adductor muscles and symphyseal region, the superficial inguinal lymph nodes, the femoral neurovascular bundle, the hip joint with periarticular regions and the structures in the right iliac fossa.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sonographers must have a methodical approach, a good knowledge of normal anatomy and pathologies and a comprehensive understanding of the various types of groin abnormalities for a thorough examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X241299241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}