Ultrasound最新文献

{"title":"Left atrial strain during stress echocardiography for the assessment of myocardial ischaemia.","authors":"Eduardo Henrique Bonotto, Fernanda Arejano Vaucher, Miguel Morita Fernandes-Silva, Marco Stephan Lofrano-Alves","doi":"10.1177/1742271X251371417","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X251371417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diastolic dysfunction precedes ventricular contractility changes in the ischaemic cascade. Both diastolic and systolic left ventricle dysfunctions are known to alter left atrial myocardial deformation by impairing its phasic function, which can be evaluated using speckle-tracking echocardiography.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of left atrial strain in detecting myocardial ischaemia in patients undergoing dobutamine stress echocardiography.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients referred for dobutamine stress echocardiography due to suspected ischaemia were prospectively enrolled. Left atrial strain, including its three components - reservoir, conduit, and contractile - was analysed at each stage of dobutamine stress echocardiography. The diagnosis of myocardial ischaemia was defined as a new or worsening wall motion abnormality in at least two contiguous left ventricle segments during dobutamine stress echocardiography. Patients with a positive dobutamine stress echocardiography for ischaemia were compared with those with a negative dobutamine stress echocardiography for ischaemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 56 patients were included. Patients with inducible ischaemia had significantly lower left atrial reservoir strain (LASr) values at rest and throughout all dobutamine stress echocardiography phases, with the lowest values at peak stress (27.6% (24.0 to 28.4) vs 34% (29.6 to 42.7), <i>p</i> < 0.001). LASr at rest and during low-dose dobutamine predicted ischaemia during dobutamine stress echocardiography (rest: area under the curve = 0.68, <i>p</i> = 0.038; low dose: area under the curve = 0.78, <i>p</i> < 0.001). An LASr cutoff of ⩽29.7% at peak stress yielded high diagnostic accuracy in detecting inducible ischaemia (area under the curve = 0.88, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Assessment of left atrial strain in patients undergoing dobutamine stress echocardiography for suspected myocardial ischaemia has diagnostic value and can be integrated into conventional dobutamine stress echocardiography to corroborate the findings of a positive test.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X251371417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary study using shear wave elastography to evaluate anterior talofibular ligament stiffness in chronic ankle instability.","authors":"Bo Chen, WeiHan Cao, Min LiangHong","doi":"10.1177/1742271X251358654","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X251358654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Anterior talofibular ligament injury is the most common type in chronic ankle instability patients. While initial injuries are often treated conservatively, some patients still require surgery. Shear wave elastography provides quantitative, accurate assessment of ligament damage, offering an objective basis for surgical planning and rehabilitation monitoring.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Shear wave elastography quantified shear wave velocity of bilateral anterior talofibular ligaments in neutral and stressed positions in 30 chronic ankle instability patients' group and 60 healthy controls' group. Functional assessments included the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society scale, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure for Activities of Daily Living and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure for Sports (FAAM-S) and Visual Analogue Scale for pain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Inter-observer and test-retest reliability for anterior talofibular ligament shear wave velocity were excellent (neutral position: intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.87, 0.93; stressed position: intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.89, 0.96). Shear wave velocity showed no significant differences by gender, age or body mass index. Chronic ankle instability patients had significantly higher shear wave velocity in affected anterior talofibular ligaments (neutral/stressed, <i>p</i> < 0.001) versus healthy controls; unaffected sides showed no difference. Affected ankles scored significantly worse on Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure for Activities of Daily Living, Ankle Ability Measure for Sports, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society and Visual Analogue Scale (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Shear wave velocity in affected anterior talofibular ligaments (both positions) positively correlated with pain intensity (neutral: <i>r</i> = 0.488, <i>p</i> = 0.004; stressed: <i>r</i> = 0.514, <i>p</i> = 0.004). Neutral-position shear wave velocity negatively correlated with Foot and Ankle Ability Measure for Activities of Daily Living (<i>r</i> = -0.457, <i>p</i> = 0.011), but not with Ankle Ability Measure for Sports, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society or Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Shear wave elastography noninvasively, conveniently and accurately assesses anterior talofibular ligament quality in chronic ankle instability patients, providing an objective approach for surgical decision-making and rehabilitation monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X251358654"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12450899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effervescence sign - a new sonographic sign of gastric outlet obstruction: A case report and literature review of superior mesenteric artery syndrome.","authors":"Salman Naeem, Nour Al Jamil, Zoe Ng, Jan Drmota, Samia Ahmad, Serena Rovida","doi":"10.1177/1742271X251372451","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X251372451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare pathological cause of gastric outlet obstruction. Traditionally, computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans have been diagnostic investigations of choice. However, due to vague symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction, there is a delay to diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome in acute setting. This case describes the use of point-of-care ultrasound scan for diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome in the emergency department.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present a case of a 25-year-old woman presenting to the emergency department with signs and symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction caused by superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Point-of-care ultrasound scan demonstrated a fluid-filled stomach with continuous bubbling of air (effervescence sign) and a loop of duodenum compressed between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, suggesting a diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Subsequent computed tomography scan confirmed the point-of-care ultrasound scan findings.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Ultrasound has been described as a reliable diagnostic modality to diagnose the radiological signs of superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Our newly identified sign of continuous bubbling of air (effervescence sign) on point-of-care ultrasound scan, due to fermentation of stomach contents, and its ability to identify diagnostic features of superior mesenteric artery syndrome demonstrate its utility as a diagnostic tool in the emergency department reducing time delays and costs associated with traditional diagnostic modalities. Point-of-care ultrasound scan can aid in the diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome in the emergency department.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Increased awareness of the capabilities of using point-of-care ultrasound scan in the emergency department and our newly identified 'effervescence sign' will enable timely and low-cost diagnoses, while closing current literature gap and establishing point-of-care ultrasound scan as a feasible diagnostic tool for gastric outlet obstruction secondary to superior mesenteric artery syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X251372451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mastering the technique of inferior vena cava ultrasound from transhepatic view in intensive care unit: A practical approach to the ultrasound technique, tips, and pitfalls.","authors":"Marija Kotevska Angjushev, Darko Angjushev, Ana Djordjevic Dikic","doi":"10.1177/1742271X251353722","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X251353722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bedside ultrasound of inferior vena cava is used by clinician sonographers in intensive care units. Its data can impact clinical decision-making. Subcostal view is a standard view for this issue. A significant proportion of the intensive care unit patients have very difficult approach to this view. In these patients, an alternative view is a transhepatic view, feasible in nearly every intensive care unit patient. Limited data on the ultrasound technique exist in literature.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>In this review, we discuss in detail the technical aspects of the inferior vena cava ultrasound technique assessed from the transhepatic view, ultrasound tips, and pitfalls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Scopus databases with the terms \"inferior vena cava ultrasound,\" \"transhepatic view,\" \"right mid-axillary view,\" \"right lateral intercostal view,\" \"ultrasound technique,\" \"inferior vena cava pitfalls,\" and inferior vena cava ultrasound tips,\" \"intensive care unit.\" The latest articles were reviewed and this review was written using the most current information.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>A standardised ultrasound approach from mid-axillary line provides optimal image acquisition. When there are difficulties finding inferior vena cava or in obesity alternative approaches should be used. Potential pitfalls during acquisition are: misidentifying the inferior vena cava; technical issues in inferior vena cava measurements; utility of the inferior vena cava data in isolation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mastering the ultrasound technique from the transhepatic view offers clinicians the opportunity to perform inferior vena cava ultrasound, even in the most challenging patients. Awareness of potential pitfalls and knowledge how to avoid them is important to intensive care unit clinicians to avoid wrong decisions at the bedside.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X251353722"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12425945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on piloting an advanced practitioner led domiciliary paracentesis service for end-of-life patients in a rural setting.","authors":"Helen McLean, Steve Savage","doi":"10.1177/1742271X251353702","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X251353702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This reflection details how the purchase of a small portable ultrasound system enabled a pilot domiciliary paracentesis service. The service offers symptom relief through ascitic drainage to palliative, end-of-life, patients who wish to avoid a hospital admission. Identifying appropriate patients and considering risk, the service is offered and supported by appropriately trained advanced practitioners along with palliative, oncology and district nursing teams. A small number of patients have been involved, but anecdotally, this has offered great relief and comfort to both the patients and their families. The ongoing aim is continue offering this service and make more community teams within our area and beyond aware of its existence and to support the training of interested and skilled palliative health care professionals in performing these.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X251353702"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12401942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of ultrasonographic (SonoVue) and radiographic (Imeron) contrast agents for intralesional application in the head and neck area: An in vitro study.","authors":"Fritjof Lentge, Philippe Korn, Nils-Claudius Gellrich, Michael-Tobias Neuhaus, Stephan Alexander Bettag, Max Lukas Linderkamp, Philipp Jehn","doi":"10.1177/1742271X251365429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742271X251365429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to determine the suitability and optimal concentration of an ultrasonic contrast agent (SonoVue) for intralesional application during contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An in vitro model simulating an existing lesion in the anatomical environment of the mandibular ascending ramus was developed. After intralesional application, different SonoVue dilutions were compared with dilutions of an iodine-containing radiographic contrast agent (Imeron300) during cone-beam computed tomography.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SonoVue provided a significant contrast effect for distinguishing the lesion from the surrounding soft tissue at dilutions of 1/10 and 1/20. Imeron300 showed a slightly superior contrast effect, even at dilutions of 1/50 and 1/100. However, CEUS using SonoVue in low dilutions seemed suitable for intralesional application in vitro. Further in vivo studies are required to validate the current results and determine the optimal contrast-agent concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X251365429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonographic assessment of patellofemoral pain syndrome: Diagnostic utility and correlation with functional impairment.","authors":"Leila Ostadmohammadi, Maryam Selk-Ghaffari, Shaghayegh Rahimi, Behnaz Mahdaviani, Reza Mazaheri, Farzin Halabchi","doi":"10.1177/1742271X251360420","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X251360420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Patellofemoral pain syndrome is a prevalent cause of anterior knee pain, often challenging to diagnose due to its multifactorial aetiology. This study investigates the diagnostic utility of musculoskeletal ultrasonography in patellofemoral pain syndrome and its correlation with pain and functional impairment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study enrolled 32 participants (16 patellofemoral pain syndrome, 16 controls). Sonographic measurements of patellar and quadriceps tendons, lateral retinaculum, joint effusion, and trochlear angle were taken. Pain intensity and knee function were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale and Kujala Anterior Knee Pain Scale . Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences in patellar tendon, quadriceps tendon, and lateral retinaculum thicknesses were observed between patellofemoral pain syndrome and control groups. Modified cut-offs adjusted for height improved diagnostic accuracy, with the combination of two out of three criteria yielding 96% sensitivity and 73% specificity. No significant correlation was found between Visual Analogue Scale and sonographic findings, but Kujala scores correlated significantly with tendon and retinaculum thicknesses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Musculoskeletal ultrasonography offers a non-invasive, reliable diagnostic modality for patellofemoral pain syndrome. A two-out-of-three criteria approach enhances diagnostic precision, suggesting potential utility in clinical and screening settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X251360420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12357834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"Colin P Griffin","doi":"10.1177/1742271X251354825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742271X251354825","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":"33 3","pages":"167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immature teratomas remain difficult to diagnose: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Sian Mitchell, Frances Bailey, Alison Smith, Jonathan Gaughran, Tom Holland, Mustafa Zelal Muallem, Ahmad Sayasneh","doi":"10.1177/1742271X251353712","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X251353712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objectives: </strong>The ultrasound features of ovarian mature teratomas are well defined. However, literature regarding the ultrasound features of immature teratomas is lacking and features can often be confused with those of mature teratomas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the subjective assessment of ultrasound examiners of anonymised static B mode ultrasound images of immature and mature teratomas.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An electronic questionnaire was distributed to levels 1 to 3 ultrasound examiners containing 23 anonymised ultrasound images including nine different immature teratomas and nine different mature teratomas. The images were collected retrospectively, and the reference test was the final histology of the surgically removed masses. The sensitivity and specificity test of the subjective assessment for each histological group was calculated. The live (at the time the scan was performed) subjective impression of each tumour was also recorded and the level of the examiner that performed the scan was noted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were a total of 43 responses (30 from level 1, 9 from level 2 and 4 from level 3 examiners. The sensitivity and specificity of subjective assessment ranged from 16.3% to 97.7% and 81.6% to 96.1%, respectively, for all histological groups. The sensitivity and specificity to correctly diagnose mature teratomas and immature teratomas were 41.3% (95% CI: 36.3%-46.4%), 82.2% (95% CI: 78.9%-85.1%) and 41.2 % (95% CI: 36.2%-46.3%), 81.6 % (95% CI: 78.3%-84.7%), respectively. There was no statistical difference in the diagnostic performance of the subjective assessment of examiners between mature and immature teratomas (<i>p</i> = 0.975).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diagnostic performance of static 2D ultrasound images for mature and immature teratomas is low. Immature teratoma still pose a diagnostic challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X251353712"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12313607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Midgut volvulus incidentally diagnosed during an outpatient ultrasound.","authors":"Emmanuel A Babington, Mandip Heir, Fiona Dickinson","doi":"10.1177/1742271X251356614","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1742271X251356614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Midgut volvulus, a complication of intestinal malrotation, is a surgical emergency. Due to its embryologic aetiology, it is predominantly seen in neonates; with about 90% of cases involving children under the age of 1. The majority of these are diagnosed within the first month of life. However, midgut volvulus has been reported in adults of varying ages across the literature.</p><p><strong>The case: </strong>We present a case of a 16-year-old girl with generalised but severe abdominal pain in the central and lower abdomen. Ultrasound revealed a clockwise malrotation of the bowel with involvement of the superior mesenteric vessels, in keeping with the 'whirlpool sign'. The proximal duodenum appeared distended. Within the whirlpool, there was evidence of peristalsis in the bowel loops and blood flow in the mesenteric vessels, suggesting a lack of ischaemia in the involved bowel loops. Three months later, the patient was presented to the emergency department with symptoms of vomiting and severe abdominal pain. Computed tomography scan revealed a mesenteric swirl in the mid-abdomen involving the mesenteric vessels, consistent with the previous ultrasound findings of midgut volvulus, and the proximal duodenum remained distended.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Midgut volvulus is often overlooked in older children and teenagers presenting with abdominal pain, largely due to its rarity in these age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our case emphasises the importance of clinicians maintaining an open mind and considering imaging, particularly ultrasound, as part of the initial evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23440,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"1742271X251356614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}