Ultrastructural Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of metformin on CCl4-induced pulmonary fibrosis via autophagy pathway in rats: a histological, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical study.","authors":"Fatma Y Meligy, Amal T Abo Elghait, Nessren M Abd El-Rady, Amira A Kamel, Fatma K Gameaa","doi":"10.1080/01913123.2026.2650192","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01913123.2026.2650192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung fibrosis is defined as fibrotic change of the lung architecture within 2.5-3 years of diagnosis, ultimately leading to respiratory failure and death. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of carbon tetrachloride, especially vapor, can cause lung destruction. Autophagy was crucial for maintaining the organs' homeostasis. Deficit in autophagy has been commonly associated with fibrosis and pneumonia. Recent research suggests that metformin may provide protection against a variety of lung ailments. To investigate how metformin protects against lung damage caused by carbon tetrachloride via the autophagy pathway, 30 adult male albino rats (10 rats each) were divided into three equal groups. One group served as the control. Group 2: received CCl4 1.5 mg/kg twice weekly S.C. for a duration of 12 weeks. Group 3: Oral metformin and CCl4 were administered for 12 weeks at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day and 1.5 mg/kg twice weekly S.C. After the animal died, its lungs were taken out of each group and studied under an electron and light microscope in addition to being used for immunological research. The histological abnormalities in the lung tissue caused by the administration of CCl4 included areas of tissue destruction, congestion, and fibrosis. Pneumocyte type I, type II, and collagen fiber deposition were found to have changed ultrastructurally. Concurrent metformin and CCl4 treatment resulted in improvements. The histological and biochemical effects of CCl4 on lung tissue can be modulated by administration of metformin.</p>","PeriodicalId":23430,"journal":{"name":"Ultrastructural Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"159-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructural characterization of extracellular vesicles produced by <i>Encephalitozoon cuniculi</i>-infected B-1 cells.","authors":"Alicia Herrera Gutiérrez, Rayane Cristina Bego, Diva Denelle Spadacci-Morena, Patrícia Batista Xander, Anuska Marcelino Alvares-Saraiva, Elizabeth Cristina Pérez, Uziel Castillo Velázquez, Maria Anete Lallo","doi":"10.1080/01913123.2025.2580509","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01913123.2025.2580509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herein, we analyzed the ultrastructure of the EVs released by <i>E. cuniculi</i>-infected B-1 cells or uninfected. Clusters of exosomes, also called intraluminal vesicles (ILVs), were surrounded by a membrane that was continuous with the plasma membrane of B-1 cells, characterizing the EVs known as multivesicular cargo (MVC). Migrasomes corresponded to clusters of exosomes located in the projection of the cell membrane. Ectosomes originated via the budding of the plasma membrane. To conclude, we showed that <i>E. cuniculi</i>-infected B-1 cells or B-1 CDP secrete large amounts of EVS especially after challenge with <i>E. cuniculi</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":23430,"journal":{"name":"Ultrastructural Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"28-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145378950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmembrane mucin 1 is a polarity protein in the organization of apical surface microplicae in oral epithelium.","authors":"Lauriina Soiniemi, Matias Kanniainen, Ella Suomela, Saga Ramsay, Heli Jäsberg, Bina Kashyap, Arja M Kullaa","doi":"10.1080/01913123.2025.2578223","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01913123.2025.2578223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to provide a new insight into the oral mucosal defense, and to investigate the oral microbial attachment to the oral mucosa. A total of 68 oral mucosal samples were prepared for light microscopy, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Tissue samples were IHC stained for transmembrane mucin 1 (tMUC1), which was also examined with immuno-scanning electron microscopy (iSEM). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were procured to analyze the attachment of microbes on different parts of the oral mucosa. The IHC for tMUC1 presented its localization in the apical portion of the superficial surface of non-keratinized epithelial cells, whereas no such expression was observed in keratinized epithelium. In SEM images, the microplicae (MPL) structure organized in non-keratinized epithelial cells, and iSEM showed tMUC1 localized at the tips of MPLs. Microbial attachment was low in the areas showing tMUC1-MPL-structures, whereas more abundant in the areas that lack tMUC1 attachment with MPL. The superficial MPL and the attachment of tMUC1 form a complex that functionally prevents the attachment of microbes. The iSEM confirms that tMUC1 is a polarity protein, which generates the apical MPL structure in oral epithelial surface cells and together provides protection against microbial colonization and invasion.</p>","PeriodicalId":23430,"journal":{"name":"Ultrastructural Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145378896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of permethrin on the ultrastructural morphology of rat kidney: electron microscopic study.","authors":"Tuğba Kotil, Nazan Deniz Yön","doi":"10.1080/01913123.2025.2596206","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01913123.2025.2596206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A pesticide, Permethrin, that has low toxicity and widespread usage, is the most frequently detected in house dust. This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-dose permethrin exposure on the ultrastructural nephrotoxicity of rat kidneys at the microscopic level. 28 Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups. Doses of 20 mg, 40 mg, and 75 mg/kg permethrin were administered to the experimental groups via gavage for 2 weeks. The control group received corn oil. After the experiment, kidneys collected from the sacrificed animals were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and embedded in epon. Semi-thin sections were evaluated via light microscope, and thin sections were examined with a transmission electron microscope. Semi-thin sections showed brush border loss in experimental groups, and also the cellular arrangement of the tubules was altered. Thin sections of the control group, proximal tubules, and podocyte cells of glomerulus were intact and showed normal morphology. Cytoplasmic vacuolization, degenerated mitochondria, and lysosome accumulation were observed in tubule cells in experimental groups, increasing in a dose-dependent manner. Autophagic vacuoles were present in the 40 and 75 mg groups. Necrotic cells were present in the 75 mg group. Marked endoplasmic reticulum dilatation and ribosome loss were observed in the podocytes of glomerulus of the experimental groups at higher doses. The highest group showed necrotic cells, and the glomerular basement membrane structure was disrupted. Our findings suggest that low-dose, short-term permethrin exposure has a toxic effect and negatively affects renal ultrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":23430,"journal":{"name":"Ultrastructural Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"92-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145662101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes on experimentally induced neurodegeneration in olfactory bulb of adult male albino rat: histological, physiological and biochemical studies.","authors":"Mayada M Elkeblawy, Mona Tayssir Sadek, Azza A M Abouraia, Eman M El-Beltagi","doi":"10.1080/01913123.2026.2616037","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01913123.2026.2616037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegeneration (ND) is a major medical problem in elderly. Olfactory bulb represents an early-vulnerable brain area to ND. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes are currently evaluated as a possible therapeutic agent for several diseases. This study aimed to assess exosomes-therapeutic potential on ND-induced olfactory bulb changes. Forty-five adult male albino rats were equally categorized into three groups: control (I), ND (II), and exosomes treated (III). ND was induced in groups II and III using aluminum chloride, then group III rats received a single intravenous injection of 200 µg exosomes. Buried food test was conducted to assess sense of olfaction. Blood was collected to assess serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels. Olfactory bulb specimens were prepared for histological and immunohistochemical (GFAP & synaptophysin) studies. ND group displayed a highly significant increase in buried food test time and MDA level, along with decrease in TAC level. Marked histological changes were observed affecting nerve cells, synapses, neuropil and bulb vasculature with a highly significant increase in GFAP area percentage and decrease in that of synaptophysin. Treatment with exosomes in group III markedly ameliorated these changes. These results reflected that MSCs-derived exosomes had a remarkable therapeutic potential against ND-induced changes in olfactory bulb.</p>","PeriodicalId":23430,"journal":{"name":"Ultrastructural Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"114-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145998943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural evaluation of mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles versus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in jejunal ischemia-reperfusion injury in albino rats.","authors":"Heba M Abdel-Aziz, Aya A Mahmoud, Maha Z Mohammed, Hala M Soliman","doi":"10.1080/01913123.2026.2643583","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01913123.2026.2643583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IIRI) is a life-threatening vascular emergency with high mortality, commonly occurring as a complication of hemorrhagic shock or acute mesenteric arterial occlusion. When revascularization is performed after this issue, injury will occur. The influence of MSC-MVs and G-CSF on IIRI was detected in this study. Fifty-six male adult albino rats were allocated into five groups: control, ischemia-reperfusion, MSC-MVs, G-CSF, and recovery. Ischemic injury was induced for one hour using micro-vascular clamp across the superior mesenteric artery at its beginning from the aorta. After that, the clamp was withdrawn to allow reperfusion for two hours. At the end of experimental period, rats were sacrificed. Jejunal tissues were processed for assessment of oxidative stress markers (MDA and SOD) as well as for histological and immune histo-chemical analysis. Ischemia-reperfusion group revealed highly statistically significant increase in tissue MDA while SOD showed the reverse, histologically by light microscopic examination; inflammatory cellular infiltration, congested blood vessels, and separated muscle fibers in muscularis mucosa were observed. Ultrastructurally, absorptive columnar cells appeared with heterochromatic nuclei, lost apical microvilli, and widen intercellular space. These findings showed more improvement in MSC-MVs group in comparison with G-CSF group while recovery group exhibited severe affection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23430,"journal":{"name":"Ultrastructural Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"134-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction of DNA damage and growth arrest by citalopram in breast cancer cells mediated via activation of Gadd45a and apoptotic genes.","authors":"Mohammed Salama, Ahmed Elamin, Magda Youssif, Noura A Mattar","doi":"10.1080/01913123.2025.2454691","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01913123.2025.2454691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer patients experience more severe emotional distress and depression compared to those with other cancers. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), like citalopram, are commonly used to treat depression. However, the link between SSRI use and breast cancer progression is debated. This study examined the cytotoxic effects of citalopram on triple-negative (MDA-MB231) and ER-positive (MCF-7) breast cancer cells. Results showed a significant decrease in cell viability in both cell lines following citalopram treatment. Interestingly, flow cytometry analysis revealed increased apoptotic cells and induction of cell cycle arrest upon treatment of the cells with citalopram. MCF-7 cells were arrested in the sub-G0-G1 phase, while MDA-MB231 cells accumulated in the S phase. Gene expression analysis demonstrated increased Bax expression and decreased Bcl2 levels. Moreover, cytochrome c and NF-κB were upregulated upon treatment with citalopram. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of treated cells showed apoptotic morphological changes including shrunken nuclei, membrane blebbing, and chromatin condensation with prominent appearance of autophagosomes and autolysosomes. Additionally, GADD45a and p21, involved in growth arrest and DNA damage, were significantly upregulated. In conclusion, citalopram's ability to induce apoptosis and alter cell cycle suggests its potential in breast cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23430,"journal":{"name":"Ultrastructural Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"158-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angiotensin II promotes intramural hematoma of aorta in juvenile mice at early stage.","authors":"Weiliang Sun, Changan Yu, Jing Guo, Huina Wang, Shurui Dou, Yuting Zhang, Jingang Zheng, Yanxiang Gao","doi":"10.1080/01913123.2025.2474447","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01913123.2025.2474447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Intramural hematoma (IMH) is a serious aortic condition characterized by the presence of a contained hematoma within the aortic media. However, the animal model with a high incidence of IMH was lacking, and the specific pathological characteristics of IMH have not been thoroughly characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We conducted an experimental study using 4-week-old male, 4-week-old female, and 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice. These mice were subjected to angiotensin II infusion at a rate of 1000 ng/kg/min for a period of 4 days. In situ imaging was performed, and aorta was harvested and serially sectioned. Histological staining and immunostaining techniques were employed, and the subcellular structure was examined using transmission electron microscopy. Our findings revealed that 4-week-old male mice exhibited a higher susceptibility to angiotensin II-induced IMH, characterized by more circumferential appearances and larger affected areas. Furthermore, IMH was more likely to occur in the upper segment of the descending aorta rather than the lower segment. Within the IMH, older fibrinous thrombus was predominantly observed near the adventitia, while younger red thrombus was more prevalent near the lumen. Additionally, platelet activation and degranulation were observed, along with fibrin cross-linking and thrombus organization, indicating a potential relationship between platelet activation and the progression of IMH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrated that angiotensin II infusion promoted the development of IMH during the early stages, especially in juvenile mice. Furthermore, the presence of platelet activation and thrombus organization suggested their potential involvement in the progression of IMH.</p>","PeriodicalId":23430,"journal":{"name":"Ultrastructural Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"148-157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astrocyte alterations during Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome: intermediate filaments, aggresomes, proteasomes, and glycogen storages.","authors":"Jacques Gilloteaux, Corry Charlier, Valérie Suain, Charles Nicaise","doi":"10.1080/01913123.2025.2468700","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01913123.2025.2468700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A murine model mimicking the human osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) revealed with histology demyelinated alterations in the relay posterolateral (VPL) and ventral posteromedial (VPM) thalamic nuclei 12 h and 48 h after chronic hyponatremia due to a fast reinstatement of osmolality. Abnormal expression astrocyte markers ALDHL1 and GFAP with immunohistochemistry in these ODS altered zones, prompted aims to verify in both protoplasmic and fibrillar astrocytes with ultrastructure those changes and other associated subcellular modifications.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This ODS investigation included four groups of mice: Sham (NN; <i>n</i> = 13), hyponatremic (HN; <i>n</i> = 11), those sacrificed 12 h after a fast restoration of normal natremia (ODS12h; <i>n</i> = 6), and mice sacrificed 48 h afterward, or ODS48 h (<i>n</i> = 9). Out of those four groups of mice, with LM and ultrastructure microscopy, the thalamic zones included NN (<i>n</i> = 2), HN (<i>n</i> = 2), ODS12h (<i>n</i> = 3) and ODS48h (<i>n</i> = 3) samples. There, comparisons between astrocytes included organelles, GFAP, and glycogen content changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thalamic ODS epicenter damages comprised both protoplasmic (PA) and fibrillar (FA) astrocyte necroses along with those of neuropil destructions and neuron Wallerian demyelinated injuries surrounded by a centrifugal region gradient revealing worse to mild destructions. Ultrastructure aspects of resilient HN and ODS12h PAs disclosed altered mitochondria and accumulations of beta- to alpha-glycogen granules that became eventually captured into phagophores as glycophagosomes in ODS48h. HN and ODS12h time lapse FAs accumulated ribonucleoproteins, cytoskeletal aggresomes, and proteasomes but distant and resilient ODS48h FAs maintained GFAP fibrils along with typical mitochondria and dispersed β-glycogen, including in their neuropil surroundings. Thus, ODS triggered astrocyte injuries that involved both post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications such that astrocytes were unable to use glycogen and metabolites due to their own mitochondria defects while accumulated stalled ribonucleoproteins, cytoskeletal aggresomes were associated with proteasomes and GFAP ablation. Resilient but distant astrocytes revealed restitution of amphibolism where typical carbohydrate storages were revealed along with GFAP, as tripartite extensions supply for restored nerve axon initial segments, neural Ranvier's junctions, and oligodendrocyte -neuron junctional contacts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ODS caused astrocyte damage associated with adjacent neuropil destruction that included a regional demyelination caused by a loss of dispatched energetic and metabolic exchanges within the injured region, bearing proportional and collateral centrifugal injuries, which involved reactive repairs time after rebalanced osmolarity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23430,"journal":{"name":"Ultrastructural Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"170-215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ultrastructural changes in the adult rat ovary after administration of copper oxide nanoparticles and the possible ameliorative influence of selenium.","authors":"Abeer Mohamed Ali Shalaby, Eman Shaaban Abdel-Aziz Abul-Ela, Amal Mohamed Moustafa, Shehab Hafez Mohamed","doi":"10.1080/01913123.2024.2449091","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01913123.2024.2449091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is an important concern about the potential health and environmental risks that may develop due to exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs). Selenium is an essential trace element. It supports the expression of a variety of selenoproteins. The present study was designed to study the ultrastructural and biochemical changes in the adult rat ovary after oral administration of CuO-NPs and to assess the possible ameliorative influence of Selenium. Sixty adult female albino rats were divided in two major groups: Group I and Group II. Group I was further subdivided into three groups: Group IA (control), Group IB: received a single high dose of 2000 mg/kg CuO-NPs, Group IC: received selenium (0.5 mg/kg), five days before giving a single high dose of CuO-NPs (2000 mg/kg). Thereafter, given selenium for 14 days. Group II was subdivided into three groups: Group IIA (control), Group IIB: received a small dose of 300 mg/kg of CuO-NPs for 28 days, Group IIC: received selenium (0.5 mg/kg), five days before starting concomitant administration of CuO-NPs (300 mg/kg) and Selenium (0.5 mg/kg) for 28 days. Damage of the ovarian ultrastructural features, increased MDA levels, and decreased serum estrogen and progesterone hormones levels were detected in group IB and group IIB. Group IC and group IIC showed improvement of ovarian ultrastructural, decreased MDA levels, and increased serum estrogen and progesterone hormones levels as compared to group IB and group IIB indicating that Selenium could decrease the damage induced by CuO-NPs in the adult rat ovaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":23430,"journal":{"name":"Ultrastructural Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"109-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}