Turkish Journal of Botany最新文献

{"title":"Pollen morphology of Scabiosa L. and Lomelosia Raf. (Caprifoliaceae) taxa in Türkiye","authors":"Ahmet Aksoy, B. Atasagun","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2785","url":null,"abstract":": Pollen morphology of 34 taxa belonging to genera Scabiosa and Lomelosia were investigated using a light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pollen grains of Scabiosa and Lomelosia taxa are tricolpate and triporate, respectively. Pollen shapes vary from oblate to prolate. The exine surface ornamentation can be divided into five types, namely echinate, echinate-microechinate, echinate-gemmate, echinate-microechinate/gemmate and microechinate-gemmate. Pollen grain sizes were classified as very large in three species of Lomelosia and large in the rest. Statistical analyses revealed some quantitative morphological features, such as equatorial axes, L (polar view amb), and t (apocolpium) as the primary characters for separating the examined taxa. The taxa were separated from each other by clustering analysis of selected pollen characters, and the investigated species were placed within two clusters. Present findings revealed that some Scabiosa species should be transferred to Lomelosia depending on palynological characters.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139247900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of environmental factors and management on the fitness of Carlina acaulis subsp. caulescens (Lam.) Schübl. et G. Martens in mountain mesic meadows","authors":"D. Pruchniewicz, Angela Lomba, L. Żołnierz, Agnieszka Dradrach, J. Honrado","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2786","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139247088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollen morphology of some Tanacetum L. (Asteraceae) taxa and its systematic value","authors":"MURAT KURŞAT, İSMAİL ÇELTİK, BİROL BAŞER, FAHRETTİN ÖZBEY, İRFAN EMRE","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2775","url":null,"abstract":"Pollen grains of 24 Tanacetum taxa from Türkiye were examined by light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Detailed pollen morphological characteristics are provided for these taxa. According to the 24 analyzed taxa, T. parthenifolium has the smallest pollen grains, and T. aurem var. aurem possesses the largest ones. The basic shape of the pollen grains in most taxa is oblatespheroidal. However, suboblate pollen grains are recorded for T. balsamitoides, T. aurem var. aurem, and T. tomentellum. The polar axis ranges from 16.56 to 26.14 µm, and the equatorial diameter ranges from 17.64 to 30.12 µm in this study. The grains are trizonocolporate, and exine sculpturing is echinate in all taxa. The ornamentations between spines are reticulate, microreticulate, perforate, microperforate, perforate-granulate, microperforate-granulate, rugulate-granulate, and rugulate-perforate. Pollen morphological characteristics of the taxa studied are compared and discussed on the basis of taxonomical concepts. The unweighted pair group approach with arithmetic mean was also employed to assess the morphological differentiation of the pollen, and four types were identified in the dendrogram created from the studied data using this method. In addition, principal component analysis confirms the dendrogram results. In some cases, the pollen characters are useful in distinguishing the taxa.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing temperatures can pose an opportunity to recover endemic and endangered oriental sweetgum tree (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.) from extinction","authors":"OKAN ÜRKER, NURBAHAR USTA BAYKAL, EREN ADA","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2774","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence suggests that past climatic oscillations caused many species to drastically change their distribution range and had significant impacts on their survival capabilities. There is significant evidence suggesting that today's changing climate threatens many species to face a rapid extinction period in the coming decades and centuries. Understanding the changing range patterns provides significant input on biodiversity and conservation biology studies. However, warming climatic conditions may also present an opportunity for some species to expand their habitats?particularly those adapted to warmer environments. In this study, we asked how near-future climate change will affect the distribution range of the oriental sweetgum tree (Liquidambar orientalis Miller, 1867) which is a deciduous tertiary relict endemic species that forms the riparian forest ecosystems across southwestern Türkiye and Rhodes Island (Greece). Oriental sweetgum is on the verge of extinction due to past climate changes and current anthropogenic pressures such as deforestation and improper farming practices as well as insufficient conservation policies and efforts in place. As a result, sweetgum trees only survive in fragmented forest patches. To understand the species? possible response to globally rising temperatures, we explored the ecological and climatic factors that drive the distribution changes using a species distribution modeling approach. We predicted species' past (Mid-Holocene, approximately 6000 years ago), current, and future (2070) distribution ranges using maximum-entropy (MaxEnt) niche models built with WorldClim Version 1.4 climatic data. We found that regular water and warmer temperatures are particularly crucial for this species. The models showed a past (Mid-Holocene) expansion in suitable habitats in response to warmer conditions followed by a contraction as temperatures cooled down to the current climate. Most importantly, our future predictions showed that the species can possibly expand its distribution range to newly suitable habitats exhibiting a similar past response to the increasing temperatures. In this scenario, however, we suggest that it is extremely important to take necessary restoration and conservation steps for fragmented sweetgum forests to ensure species survival in the next centuries. We also believe that further research must be conducted to better understand species' ecological requirements and to provide crucial knowledge for future conversation approaches.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear DNA content and ploidy levels of living apple germplasm collection in Türkiye","authors":"EMEL KAÇAL, YAREN İPEK ŞİMŞEK, TURGAY SEYMEN, ŞERİF ÖZONGUN, METİN TUNA","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2771","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key uses of flow cytometry is the estimation of nuclear DNA content and ploidy level, which has proven a reliable and effective approach in many studies. The primary goal of this research is to estimate the nuclear DNA content and ploidy level of the apple genetic resource collection maintained in the Fruit Research Institute?s living Malus collection for the first time using flow cytometry (for autochthonous varieties). Fresh apple leaf tissues were used for the flow cytometry analysis. For each genotype, nuclear DNA analysis was performed on three individual plants. Propidium iodide (PI) is used as a fluorochrome. Common vetch (3.65 pg/2C) was used as an internal standard. The 2C nuclear DNA content ranged from 1.46 pg to 2.45 pg. The variation in nuclear DNA content within the collection was statistically significant. Apple genotypes were split into two groups, diploid and triploid, according to their nuclear DNA content. Based on these results, 16.47% of apple genotypes were triploid, while 83.53% were diploid. The 2C nuclear DNA content in triploid genotypes varied from 2.04 to 2.45 pg and in diploids from 1.46 to 1.69 pg. The average nuclear DNA content in diploids was 1.56 pg, whereas it was 2.29 pg in triploids. The results of the study will be useful to determine the best strategies in breeding programs, as ploidy is one of the most important characteristics to consider in selecting parents for breeding purposes in addition to their agronomic characteristics.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two new species of Tulostoma (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from the Neotropics","authors":"ALEXANDRO LIMA, GISLAINE MELANDA, PAULO MARINHO, T A, MARÍA PAZ MARTÍN, IURI BASEIA","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2777","url":null,"abstract":"Tulostoma catimbauense and T. deltaconcavum, both collected from Neotropical region, in the Vale do Catimbau National Park, Brazil, are proposed as new to science. Detailed macro- and micromorphological descriptions, including scanning electron microscopy of the basidiospores, are provided. ITS nrDNA sequence analyses were used to investigate the phylogenetic position of these taxa in the genus Tulostoma. Discussions about related species were carried out.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the genetic diversity, population structure, and some ecological preferences of the endemic Muscari adilii","authors":"ALİ MURAT KESER, AHMET EMRE YAPRAK, GÜL NİLHAN TUĞ","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2773","url":null,"abstract":"The population structure and genetic diversity of M. adilii and some edaphic and climatic preferences of the species were investigated. Although the chemical characteristics such as pH, EC, and gypsum were similar for the three subpopulations, the physical qualities and lime content of the soil were different from each other. In terms of bioclimate, the Nallıhan station (Nallıhan Bird Sanctuary) has a lower annual average temperature and precipitation value, and monthly average values during the germination and flowering periods, than the Beypazarı station (Hırkatepe and Çoban Ahmet Fountain). Amplification with 16 ISSR markers produced 377 bands from 84 individuals belonging to three subpopulations. Three hundred and sixty-six of the 377 bands were polymorphic and 9 ISSR markers were found to be 100% polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci at the species level was determined as PLYSP = 97.08%, whereas the average PLYPOP at the population level was 69.67%. Total genetic diversity (HT), genetic diversity within the population (HS ), genetic differentation among populations (GST), and gene flow among populations (NM) values were as follows HT = 0.1888, HS = 0.1712, GST = 0.0934, and NM = 4,8566, respectively. Genetic variance within-population was 89%, whereas among-population it was 11% according to AMOVA. The results of the STRUCTURE analysis (ΔK = 3) were in accord with the UPGMA and PCoA analyses.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new Scrophularia (Scrophulariaceae) species without staminodes in the enigmatic ?Canina clade? from the Western Taurus (Türkiye)","authors":"CANDAN AYKURT, MERTCAN GÜLBEN, BARIŞ ÖZÜDOĞRU, DUYGU SARI, İSMAİL GÖKHAN DENİZ, BURÇİN ÇINGAY","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2776","url":null,"abstract":"The new species of Scrophularia was discovered among the screes and stony slopes of the Alakır Valley (Antalya) located in the Western Taurus. The most remarkable morphological feature of the species is its flowers without staminodes. With this feature, the species is unique among the representatives of the ?Canina? clade in Türkiye. The new species is closely related to S. floribunda endemic to Türkiye and East Aegean Islands (Greece) according to our phylogenetic analyses based on the nuclear ITS and chloroplast trnL-F regions. Apart from its corollas without staminodes, the new species differs from its morphologically similar species by having densely glandular inflorescence (incl. calyxes), relatively small corollas, corolla lobes with a narrow white border, and very long filaments.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of phytochemicals and the role of oxidative stress pathways during fruit development in strawberries (Fragaria×ananassa)","authors":"Fahimeh MOKHTARI SHOJAEE, ELHAM MOHAJEL KAZEMI, HOUSHANG NOSRATI, MARYAM KOLAHI, Mehdi HAGHI","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2772","url":null,"abstract":"Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) are one of the Rosaceae family, considered economically and nutritionally important berry fruits. Phytochemicals are crucial ingredients that contribute to characteristics such as the fruit?s aroma and flavor. The current study investigated the phytochemical characteristics of strawberry fruit at three developmental stages (green, white, and red). HPLC measurements determined the glucose, fructose, and sucrose concentrations significantly increased in the red fruit, whereas glucose was identified as the major sugar in ripe fruit (2.8 g.g-1FW). Evaluation of the phenylpropanoid pathway implied that the amount of total phenol and flavonoid following phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme activity decreased during fruit development. Unlike phenolic compounds, vitamin C was considerably increased in the red stage, while antioxidant capacity was almost constant in all stages of fruit development. The activities of all antioxidant enzymes at the ripe fruit stage were higher than in the green fruit. At the final stage, the superoxide dismutase enzyme had the highest activity. Increasing carbohydrates in the red fruit is due to the role of these compounds in regulating metabolic pathways during fruit ripening. The reduction of phenolic contents and the stability of antioxidant capacity indicates the role of nonphenolic antioxidant compounds such as vitamin C in the ripening and preservation of antioxidant properties. Identifying the phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of strawberries during ripening reveals the role of various compounds and oxidative stress pathway signaling in fruit ripening; it can also contribute to the widespread application of strawberries in the edible and nonedible industries at different stages of fruit development.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed morphology of some Plantago (Plantaginaceae) species in Iran and its systematic and phylogenetic implications","authors":"S. Mohsenzadeh, M. Sheidai, F. Koohdar","doi":"10.55730/1300-008x.2745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008x.2745","url":null,"abstract":": Plantago is a cosmopolitan genus with approximately 200 species and various infrageneric classifications have been reported. In this study, the seed morphologies of 19 species of Plantago from Iran were studied and documented in detail using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The studied species were grouped by using statistical analyses such as a minimum spherical cluster method based on Euclidean distance, principal coordinate analysis, and multidimentional scaling. We have described four types based on the seed shape and states of the inner side of the studied seeds: convex-angular type, convex-elliptic type, flat-elliptic type, and concave-elliptic type. In this study, three types of seed coat patterns were recognized: reticulate, scalariform to reticulate, and papillate. Regardless of the limited range taxa considered, our data convincingly support a close relationship between subgenera Plantago and Coronopus , and between Albicans and Psyllium . Consequently, we would suggest that the species of subgenus Coronopus should be placed within subgenus Plantago as Pilger’s taxonomy, and the species of subgenus Albicans should be merged within subgenus Psyllium as Rønsted et al.’s taxonomy. The seed morphology revealed that subgenus Plantago and subgenus Albicans are paraphyletic. Moreover, the deformation of testa cells can be an indicator for finding different lineages at series to the subgenus level. The features of the arrangement of testa cells and anticlinal walls can be used at the species level, especially when the morphological diversity between species is low. We conclude that seed morphology provides useful and important information on phylogenetic relationships of Plantago species, and thus they have systematic significance.","PeriodicalId":23369,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43026464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}