Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Dry Medical Thoracoscopy with Artificial Pneumothorax Induction: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Nai-Chien Huan, Larry Ellee Nyanti, Emilia Sheau Yuin Toh, Kong Meng Tung, Fui Bee Woo, Vikneshwara Shanmugam, Sarvin Vignesh, Y C Gary Lee","doi":"10.4046/trd.2025.0149","DOIUrl":"10.4046/trd.2025.0149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dry medical thoracoscopy (MT) allows access into the pleural cavity in the absence of effusion; but its role, safety, and techniques remain poorly defined. This scoping review summarises current evidence on indications, procedural approaches, diagnostic yield, and safety of dry MT; and highlights gaps to guide future research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a scoping review in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched for original studies reporting on dry MT involving pneumothorax induction. Study selection and data extraction followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen studies involving 357 patients were included. 146 cases (40.9%) were completely 'dry' (complete absence of pleural fluid). Techniques for pneumothorax induction varied, including blunt dissection, Veress needle, Boutin needle, bladeless trocar, Saugman cannula and guidewire-assisted catheter insertion. Procedural success ranged from 80.6% to 100%, though definitions were inconsistently reported. Thoracic ultrasound was frequently used for site selection and needle guidance, but standardised criteria were lacking. Malignancy and chronic pleurisy were common histological findings. Complications occurred in 5.9% of cases, most commonly chest pain. No studies reported long-term follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dry MT appears technically feasible and generally safe. Heterogeneity in techniques, outcome definitions, and limited follow-up constrain further interpretation. Future studies should aim to standardise procedural definitions, evaluate predictors of success, and compare pneumothorax induction methods. Prospective research with long-term outcomes is needed to definite the role of dry MT more clearly.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"287-296"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145709641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections in South Korea: A Nationwide NHIS-Based Study (2010-2022).","authors":"Jeong Mi Seo, Sungchan Kang, Taeyoon Lim, So-Mi Shin, Jake Whang, Jinsoo Ko, Gyeong In Lee","doi":"10.4046/trd.2025.0127","DOIUrl":"10.4046/trd.2025.0127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In South Korea, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is not a notifiable disease, while the absence of a national surveillance system hampers accurate assessment of its incidence. Therefore, this study utilized National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) claims data to investigate nationwide trends in NTM occurrence over the past decade.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used NHIS claims (2010-2022) to assemble a cohort with International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision A31 (A31.0, A31.1, A31.8, A31.9). For incidence, cases diagnosed in 2010-2011 were excluded. Incidence was estimated under three definitions: ≥2 outpatient visits or ≥1 inpatient admission with A31 during the study period; same as A, but with ≤180 days between visits; meeting B plus ≥1 antibiotic prescription within 180 days (treatment initiation). Age-standardized prevalence and incidence were calculated using the 2010 Korean population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 178,287 newly diagnosed NTM cases were identified from 2012 to 2022 (mean age 51.4 years; 66.8 % female). The age-standardized prevalence increased from 15.5 to 69.8 per 100,000 in 2010 to 2022. Incidence peaked in 2017 (38.9/100,000), then declined to 26.9 in 2022. Age-specific incidence of NTM infection showed distinct sex-related patterns. Among men, incidence was consistently concentrated in older adults, particularly those ≥80 years, throughout 2012-2022. In contrast, women experienced a marked epidemiologic shift beginning in 2017, with incidence in their 20s and 30s surpassing older age groups. Medical Aid beneficiaries consistently showed higher incidence rates. By region, Daejeon and Chungnam showed the greatest increase in incidence rates in 2022, compared to 2012.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NTM infection is increasing in Korea, with distinct epidemiologic patterns by sex, age, and socioeconomic status. The rising burden, especially among young women and the socioeconomically disadvantaged, warrants targeted public health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"306-320"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145709870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consensus of Korean Asthma Study Group on Definition of Clinical Remission in Severe Asthma: A Modified Delphi Study.","authors":"Sun Hye Shin, Joon Young Choi, Junghee Yoon, Youlim Kim, Jong Geol Jang, Ji-Yong Moon, Chin Kook Rhee, Kyung Hoon Min, Yong Il Hwang, Yeon-Mok Oh, Seong Yong Lim","doi":"10.4046/trd.2025.0161","DOIUrl":"10.4046/trd.2025.0161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asthma remission has recently emerged as an aspirational treatment goal, yet its definition remains inconsistent across studies and expert groups. The absence of a standardized framework hampers its application in clinical practice and research, particularly in Korea where biologics use is rapidly increasing. This study aimed to establish a consensus definition of clinical remission in severe asthma among Korean experts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-round modified Delphi survey, followed by a focused third round, was conducted among 28 board-certified pulmonologists from the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases (KATRD). The questionnaire consisted of six domains and 27 items. Responses were analyzed using agreement rates, interquartile ranges, and content validity ratios to determine consensus levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consensus was reached on defining clinical remission as a composite of no exacerbations, no systemic corticosteroid use, sustained symptom control (Asthma Control Test ≥20 on at least three occasions over 12 months), and stabilization and optimization of pulmonary function while on maintenance treatment. Experts agreed that pulmonary function should be assessed based on clinical judgment rather than absolute thresholds. Complete remission was additionally defined as fulfilling all clinical remission criteria with normalization of type 2 inflammation (blood eosinophils &lt;300/μL and fractional exhaled nitric oxide &lt;25 ppb).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This Delphi consensus provides a regionally relevant and pragmatic framework for defining remission in severe asthma. These statements may help guide clinical practice, inform guideline development, and support future research on remission as a treatment goal.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"215-225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145709646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-pharmacological Management of Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases.","authors":"Punchalee Kaenmuang, Wing-Ho Yip, Rasleen Kahai, Laura Fabbri","doi":"10.4046/trd.2025.0136","DOIUrl":"10.4046/trd.2025.0136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-pharmacological interventions are integral to the multidisciplinary management of fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), complementing pharmacological therapies by addressing functional decline, symptom burden, and quality of life. Palliative care is fundamental, offering a structured approach to symptom control-particularly dyspnea- and facilitating advance care planning. Oxygen therapy may provide symptomatic benefit in patients with resting, nocturnal, or exertional hypoxemia, though evidence remains limited and extrapolated mainly from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis cohorts. Pulmonary rehabilitation, encompassing supervised exercise and patient education, has demonstrated short-term improvements in exercise tolerance; however, long-term effects on dyspnea and health-related quality of life are inconsistent. Nutritional status is an emerging area of interest, with data linking low body mass index and unintentional weight loss, underscoring the potential value of dietary assessment and intervention. Psychological support is critical, as ILD patients frequently experience anxiety, depression, and psychological distress. Although peer-led interventions remain under-investigated, they appear to address significant unmet needs in patient education and emotional support. Occupational therapy provides tailored strategies to maintain functional independence and manage fatigue, thereby improving daily living. Immunization against influenza, pneumococcus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus- 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential, given the elevated risk of infection-related morbidity and mortality. For selected patients with progressive disease refractory to medical therapy, lung transplantation offers a potential survival advantage, necessitating timely referral and evaluation. Although results are promising, evidence is still limited for some interventions and further research is warranted to establish robust, evidence-based guidelines for non-pharmacological management in fibrosing ILD.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"166-183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145811000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-tuberculosis Health: A Holistic Perspective on Multisystem Sequelae and Long-Term Wellbeing.","authors":"Jinsoo Min, Yoolwon Jeong, Hyung Woo Kim, Hongjo Choi, Hojoon Sohn, Marc Lipman, Ju Sang Kim","doi":"10.4046/trd.2025.0120","DOIUrl":"10.4046/trd.2025.0120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis survivors often face long-term physical, psychological, and social challenges that extend beyond microbiological cure. Post-tuberculosis complications include pulmonary damage, cardiovascular and neurological sequelae, as well as significant impacts on overall wellbeing and livelihoods. Despite increasing awareness, most care continues to focus primarily on lung disease, overlooking the multisystem and social needs of survivors. A holistic, people-centered framework that integrates medical, rehabilitative, and community-based strategies is essential for restoring health and facilitating societal participation among tuberculosis survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"202-214"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146228709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Ready for Prime Time?","authors":"Hyeon-Kyoung Koo, Surya P Bhatt","doi":"10.4046/trd.2025.0202","DOIUrl":"10.4046/trd.2025.0202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health burden, affecting over 392 million individuals and causing approximately 3.3 million deaths annually. Although spirometry remains the cornerstone for diagnosing airflow limitation, it incompletely reflects the structural and biological heterogeneity of the disease, and many smokers with preserved spirometry exhibit substantial parenchymal and airway abnormalities. Advances in imaging-particularly quantitative computed tomography (QCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET)-enable comprehensive assessment of structural, functional, and inflammatory processes in COPD. QCT-derived emphysema metrics, including the 15th percentile lung density, mean lung density, and low attenuation area percentage, are reproducible, sensitive to progression, and widely used as outcome measures. Small airway disease can be characterized using parametric response mapping and complementary voxel-based indices that detect subclinical gas trapping and regional volume changes. The concept of mechanically affected lung highlights functionally impaired regions adjacent to emphysema that contribute to disease progression and mortality. Airway remodeling metrics, such as Pi10, PiSlope, tapering slope, and airway fractal dimension, further provide prognostic information. Mucus plug burden independently predicts mortality and represents a potential surrogate endpoint in therapeutic trials. Advanced MRI techniques and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET offer radiation-free or inflammatory insights, respectively. Current evidence supports that imaging is ready to evolve from an adjunct to a core element of COPD research and care.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"143-153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Utility of Impulse Oscillometry Parameters in Predicting Asthma Exacerbations.","authors":"Jeong-Woong Park","doi":"10.4046/trd.2025.0162","DOIUrl":"10.4046/trd.2025.0162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Impulse oscillometry (IOS) provides an effort-independent assessment of respiratory mechanics and is particularly sensitive to small airway dysfunction. Although IOS has been shown to complement spirometry in asthma, its association with exacerbation risk and its relationship with type 2 inflammatory biomarkers remain incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 128 adult patients with physician-diagnosed asthma who underwent both spirometry and IOS at a tertiary hospital between January 2023 and July 2024 were analyzed. Exacerbation events during 1-year follow-up were identified from medical records. IOS parameters included resistance at 5 and 20 Hz (R5 and R20), reactance at 5 Hz (X5), resonant frequency (Fres), area under the reactance curve (AX), and frequency dependence of resistance between R5 and R20 (R5-R20). Correlations between spirometric indices and IOS parameters were assessed. Diagnostic performance for exacerbation events was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Exploratory analyses examined associations between IOS indices, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and blood eosinophil counts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-three patients (25.8%) experienced exacerbations. AX showed the strongest correlations with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁)% predicted (r=-0.51, p&lt;0.001) and FEF25-75% predicted (r=-0.42, p&lt;0.001). Patients with exacerbations exhibited significantly higher R5, Fres, AX, and R5-R20 compared with those without exacerbations, with AX demonstrating the largest effect size (Cohen's d=0.91). In ROC analysis, AX showed the highest discriminative ability for exacerbation events (area under the curve=0.673). FeNO and blood eosinophil counts were not significantly correlated with IOS parameters and showed limited predictive performance when used alone; however, inclusion of AX significantly improved model discrimination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IOS parameters, particularly AX, are significantly associated with asthma exacerbations and capture mechanical aspects of small airway dysfunction that are not fully reflected by spirometry or type 2 inflammatory biomarkers. IOS may provide clinically meaningful complementary information for risk stratification in asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"226-234"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small Airway Dysfunction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathology: Assessment and Clinical Implications.","authors":"Jong Geol Jang, Hyonsoo Joo, Hyun Lee","doi":"10.4046/trd.2025.0197","DOIUrl":"10.4046/trd.2025.0197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterized by airflow limitation and persistent respiratory symptoms. A key factor in the progression of COPD is small airway dysfunction (SAD), which originates in airways smaller than 2 mm in diameter. Chronic exposure to smoke and toxins leads to inflammatory remodeling and luminal obstruction, detectable through micro-computed tomography (CT) studies before spirometric airflow limitations become evident. SAD exacerbates COPD by increasing airway resistance and promoting dynamic airway collapse during exhalation. Clinically, SAD presents as gas trapping, hyperinflation, and exercise intolerance, which are associated with a rapid decline in lung function. Recent evidence indicates that SAD may be a modifiable and clinically significant trait in COPD, with management strategies including extrafine-particle inhalers, smoking cessation, pulmonary rehabilitation, and emerging biologic therapies. Various assessment methods, such as pulmonary function tests and CT imaging, are used to assess SAD. This review focuses on the role of SAD in the pathophysiology of COPD and the clinical implications of easily applicable measurements, including forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of forced vital capacity, impulse oscillometry, Pi10, and parametric response mapping, as well as potential treatment modalities for SAD in COPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"133-142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146228811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Patients with Idiopathic Bronchiectasis in Comparison to Post-infectious Bronchiectasis in South Korea.","authors":"Seo-Young Hwang, Hyun Lee, Hayoung Choi, Seung Won Ra, Yeon-Mok Oh","doi":"10.4046/trd.2025.0055","DOIUrl":"10.4046/trd.2025.0055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bronchiectasis has a complex and heterogeneous pathogenesis, with various etiologies, the majority being idiopathic. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis in comparison to those with post-infectious bronchiectasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from patients with idiopathic and post-infectious bronchiectasis (including post-tuberculosis) from the Korean Multicenter Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (KMBARC) registry, a prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 866 patients enrolled in the study, 346 (40.0%) were classified as having idiopathic bronchiectasis, while 363 (41.9%) had post-infectious bronchiectasis. The idiopathic group demonstrated a shorter disease duration, a higher body mass index (BMI), a lower prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a higher prevalence of rhinosinusitis, a predominance of lower lobe distribution, less frequent use of regular respiratory treatments, better pulmonary function, and a statistically lower bronchiectasis severity index compared to the post-infectious group. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted, considering factors such as gender, age, BMI, history of asthma, COPD, rhinosinusitis, rheumatoid arthritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and smoking status. A higher BMI (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.15) and a history of rhinosinusitis (OR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.57 to 6.14) were associated with idiopathic bronchiectasis. In contrast, a history of COPD was linked to post-infectious bronchiectasis (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.80).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis are characterized by a higher BMI and a history of rhinosinusitis compared to those with post-infectious bronchiectasis. These findings may provide exploratory insights into underlying systemic or non-pulmonary factors. Further research is necessary to clarify the clinical significance of these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"321-331"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cough Assessment in Chronic Respiratory Diseases (COASESS): Findings from a Prospective Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Tai Joon An, Hyeon-Kyoung Koo, Chin Kook Rhee, Yee Hyung Kim, Sung-Kyoung Kim, Kyung Hoon Min, Deog Kyeom Kim, Jong-Wook Shin, Hyoung Kyu Yoon, Woo-Jung Song, Jin Woo Kim, Ji-Yong Moon","doi":"10.4046/trd.2025.0104","DOIUrl":"10.4046/trd.2025.0104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cough is a prominent symptom of chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchiectasis (BE). Some patients develop chronic cough (CC), defined as lasting more than 8 weeks, yet its characteristics remain poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize CC across various chronic respiratory diseases using validated cough assessment tools.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Cough Assessment in Chronic Respiratory Diseases (COASESS) study, a multicenter, prospective cross-sectional study, was conducted at 10 university hospitals. CC was evaluated in terms of intensity (numeric rating scale [NRS]), frequency (cough symptom score [CSS]), and quality of life (using the cough assessment test [COAT] and Leicester cough questionnaire [LCQ]). Cough hypersensitivity was assessed with the cough hypersensitivity questionnaire (CHQ). Data on age, sex, and smoking status were also collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 303 enrolled patients, 266 with chronic respiratory diseases were included in the analysis. Patients with asthma were younger, predominantly female, and non-smokers, whereas those with COPD and IPF were older males who had previously smoked (p&lt;0.001). Scores for COAT, LCQ, NRS, and CSS showed significant differences across the diseases, with asthma and IPF patients experiencing a greater symptom burden and lower quality of life compared to those with COPD or BE (p&lt;0.001). Although CHQ total scores were similar across groups, asthma patients more frequently reported triggers such as talking and post-nasal drip.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed distinct characteristics of CC across different chronic respiratory diseases. Asthma and IPF were associated with a higher symptom burden, and cough hypersensitivity varied depending on the underlying condition. These findings highlight the necessity for disease-specific assessments and management strategies for CC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"275-286"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145715957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}