Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Air Pollution and Interstitial Lung Disease.","authors":"Yong Suk Jo, Jin Woo Song","doi":"10.4046/trd.2024.0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2024.0116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review article explores the multifaceted relationship between air pollution and interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), particularly focusing on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most severe form of fibrotic ILD. Air pollutants are mainly composed of particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). They are recognized as risk factors for several respiratory diseases. However, their specific effects on ILDs and related mechanisms have not been thoroughly studied yet. Emerging evidence suggests that air pollutants may contribute to the development and acute exacerbation of ILDs. Longitudinal studies have indicated that air pollution can adversely affect the prognosis of disease by decreasing lung function and increasing mortality. Lots of in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiologic studies have proposed possible mechanisms linking ILDs to air pollution, including inflammation and oxidative stress induced by exposure to air pollutants, which may induce mitochondrial dysfunction, promote cellular senescence, and disrupt normal epithelial repair processes. Despite these findings, effective interventions to mitigate effects of air pollution on ILD are not well established yet. This review emphasizes the urgent need to address air pollution as a key environmental risk factor for ILDs and calls for further studies to clarify its effects and develop preventive and therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dry Medical Thoracoscopy with Artificial Pneumothorax Induction Using Veress Needle.","authors":"Nai-Chien Huan, Sze Shyang Kho, Larry Ellee Nyanti, Hema Yamini Ramarmuty, Muhammad Aklil Abd Rahim, Rong Lih Ho, Shan Min Lo, Siew Teck Tie, Kunji Kannan Sivaraman Kannan","doi":"10.4046/trd.2024.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2024.0029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the absence of, or minimal-volume pleural effusion, conventional medical thoracoscopy (MT) is often precluded by the risk of lung injury. Dry medical thoracoscopy (dry MT) aims to ameliorate these dangers by inducing an artificial pneumothorax via needle insufflation or blunt dissection. Veress needle is a device used by surgeons to induce pneumoperitoneum before laparoscopic surgeries, but is not commonly reported in dry MT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We present data from a series of 31 patients in which dry MT with artificial pneumothorax induction using Veress needle were performed under thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) guidance. Procedures were deemed technically successful if all the following criteria were met: (i) successful pneumothorax induction, allowing smooth insertion of semi-rigid thoracoscope during the procedure; (ii) no immediate significant procedural-related complications; and (iii) no delayed complications such as persistent air leak, defined as leakage lasting more than 5 days necessitating prolonged chest tube placement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Complete pneumothorax induction was successful in 25 cases (80.6% technical success rate); nevertheless, biopsies were successfully performed in all cases. The most common histopathological diagnosis was malignancy (n=9, 29.0%), followed by inflammatory pleuritis (n=8, 25.8%) and tuberculosis (n=8, 25.8%). No complications were reported secondary to the procedure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that TUS-guided dry MT with a Veress needle is technically feasible and safe in the hands of experienced MT performers who are competent in TUS.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to smoking status.","authors":"Joo Hun Park","doi":"10.4046/trd.2024.0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2024.0060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COPD can be caused by various factors, including lung infections, asthma, air pollution, childhood growth disorders, and genetic factors, although smoking is a predominant risk factor. The main pathological mechanisms in COPD involve small airway disease, emphysema, mucus hypersecretion, and vascular disorders. COPD in non-smokers is characterized by normal FEV1 decline, equal distribution of sex, younger age of onset, fewer comorbidities, milder airflow obstruction, normal diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and radiological features such as more air-trapping and less severe emphysema, compared to COPD in smokers. COPD in non-smokers is still accompanied by a high prevalence of acute exacerbation almost equal to COPD in smokers. Moreover, COPD per se is an independent risk factor for the development of lung cancer, irrespective of smoking status. Considering that COPD coexists with numerous comorbidities, effective management of these comorbidities is essential, and multifaceted efforts are required for the comprehensive treatment of COPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Miliary tuberculosis associated with Klebsiella pneumonia: Managing double whammy of antimicrobial resistance.","authors":"Priyavardhan Mishra, Mohit Kondisetti, Anant Patil, Nikhil Sarangdhar, Vijaykumar Gupta","doi":"10.4046/trd.2024.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2024.0105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive strategies for preoperative pulmonary risk evaluation and management.","authors":"Hyo Jin Lee, Hyun Woo Lee","doi":"10.4046/trd.2024.0118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2024.0118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) significantly increase morbidity and mortality in surgical patients, particularly those with pulmonary conditions. The incidence of PPCs varies widely, influenced by surgery type, patient age, smoking status, and comorbidities like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and congestive heart failure. Preoperative pulmonary function tests and chest radiographs, while critical for lung resection surgery, should be selectively used based on individual risk factors. Effective risk stratification models, including ASA classification, Arozullah Respiratory Failure Index, Gupta Calculators, and ARISCAT model, aid in predicting PPCs. Key strategies to reduce PPCs involve preoperative optimization of pulmonary conditions, smoking cessation, and respiratory rehabilitation. In COPD and asthma patients, maintaining optimal disease control through inhaled therapies, systemic corticosteroids, and preoperative respiratory exercises is crucial. Anemia and hypoalbuminemia are notable predictors of PPCs, warranting careful management. The type and duration of anesthesia significantly impact PPC risk, with regional anesthesia preferred over general anesthesia when feasible. Comprehensive preoperative evaluation and tailored interventions are essential to improve surgical outcomes and reduce PPC incidence. Further study involving domestic patients is needed to refine national guidelines for managing patients at risk of PPCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Korean Guidelines for the Management and Antibiotic Therapy in Adult Patients with Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia.","authors":"Hayoung Choi, Kyung Hoon Min, Young Seok Lee, Youjin Chang, Bo Young Lee, Jee Youn Oh, Ae-Rin Baek, Jongmin Lee, Kyeongman Jeon","doi":"10.4046/trd.2024.0135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2024.0135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are correlated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Guidelines that consider local epidemiologic data are fundamental for identifying optimal treatment strategies. However, Korea has no HAP/VAP guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted by a committee of nine experts from the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Respiratory Infection Study Group using the results of Korean HAP/VAP epidemiologic studies. Eleven key questions for HAP/VAP diagnosis and treatment were addressed. The Convergence of Opinion on Suggestions and Evidence (CORE) process was used to derive suggestions, and evidence levels and recommendation grades were in accordance with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Suggestions were made for the 11 key questions pertinent to diagnosis, biomarkers, antibiotics, and treatment strategies for adult patients with HAP/VAP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using the CORE process and GRADE methodology, the committee generated a series of recommendations for HAP/VAP diagnosis and treatment in the Korean context.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Nutritional Intake with Physical Activity and Handgrip Strength in Individuals with Airflow Limitation.","authors":"I Re Heo, Tae Hoon Kim, Jong Hwan Jeong, Manbong Heo, Sun Mi Ju, Jung-Wan Yoo, Seung Jun Lee, Yu Ji Cho, Yi Yeong Jeong, Jong Deog Lee, Ho Cheol Kim","doi":"10.4046/trd.2024.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2024.0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We investigated whether nutritional intake is associated with physical activity (PA) and handgrip strength (HGS) in individuals with airflow limitation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed data from the 2014 to 2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We assessed total protein intake (g/day), caloric intake (kcal/day), and other nutritional intakes using a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. HGS was measured three times for each hand using a digital grip strength dynamometer, and PA was assessed as health-enhancing PA. Airflow limitation was defined as a forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity ratio of 0.7 in individuals over 40 years of age. Participants were categorized into groups based on their PA levels and HGS measurements: active aerobic PA vs. non-active aerobic PA, and normal HGS vs. low HGS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 622 individuals with airflow limitation, those involved in active aerobic PA and those with higher HGS had notably higher total food, calorie, water, protein, and lipid intake. The correlations between protein and caloric intake with HGS were strong (correlation coefficients = 0.344 and 0.346, respectively). The forest plots show that higher intakes of food, water, calories, protein, and lipids are positively associated with active aerobic PA, while higher intakes of these nutrients are inversely associated with low HGS. However, in the multivariate logistic regression analysis, no significant associations were observed between nutritional intake and active aerobic PA or HGS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nutritional intake was not found to be an independent factor associated with PA and HGS. However, the observed correlations suggest potential indirect effects that warrant further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in adults in South Korea","authors":"Kyung-Wook Jo, Young Soon Yoon, Hyung Woo Kim, Joong-Yub Kim, Young Ae Kang","doi":"10.4046/trd.2024.0122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2024.0122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is characterized by immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens without clinical symptoms or evidence of active tuberculosis. Effective LTBI management is crucial for tuberculosis elimination, requiring accurate diagnosis and treatment. In South Korea, LTBI guidelines have been updated periodically, with the latest in 2024. This review discusses the recent changes in the Korean guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of LTBI in adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Function, Functional Capacity, Respiratory, and Locomotor Muscle Strength after Severe to Critically Ill COVID-19: A Long-Term Study.","authors":"Thanunya Ngamsutham, Warawut Chaiwong, Sauwaluk Dacha, Patraporn Sitilertpisan, Chaicharn Pothirat, Pilaiporn Duangjit, Athavudh Deesomchok, Chalerm Liwsrisakun, Chaiwat Bumroongkit, Theerakorn Theerakittikul, Atikun Limsukon, Konlawij Trongtrakul, Nutchanok Niyatiwatchanchai, Pattraporn Tajarernmuang","doi":"10.4046/trd.2024.0044","DOIUrl":"10.4046/trd.2024.0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The sequelae of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia on lung function, exercise capacity, and quality of life were observed in both shortterm and long-term. However, the study about the respiratory and locomotor muscle strength in severe and critically ill COVID-19 survivors are still limited. Therefore, we aimed to examine long-term pulmonary function, functional capacities, and respiratory and locomotor body muscle strength in severe to critically ill post-COVID-19 survivors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted in 22 post-COVID-19 pneumonia and healthy adults. Clinical characteristics during admission, pulmonary function, functional capacity, respiratory muscles, and locomotor muscles strength were examined at 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge from the hospital.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The generalized linear mixed model showed that percent predicted of forced expiratory volume in the 1 second (%FEV1), percent predicted of forced vital capacity (%FVC), maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), handgrip strength, 6-minute walk distance, and five times sit to stand (5TSTS) were significantly lower in post-COVID-19 pneumonia patients than in healthy subjects during the follow-up period. The percent predicted of maximal voluntary ventilation (%MVV), and locomotor muscle strength were not different between the two groups throughout the follow-up period. Among post-COVID-19 pneumonia patients, %FEV1, %FVC, %MVV, 5TSTS, locomotor muscle strength significantly improved at three months compared to baseline at 1 month.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pulmonary function, functional capacity, respiratory, and locomotor muscle strength of survivors from COVID-19 were impaired and recovery was observed after three to six months. These emphasized the need to evaluate the long-term consequences of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"532-542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11468448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eosinophilia Is a Favorable Marker for Pneumonia in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.","authors":"Kang-Mo Gu, Jae-Woo Jung, Min-Jong Kang, Deog Kyeom Kim, Hayoung Choi, Young-Jae Cho, Seung Hun Jang, Chang-Hoon Lee, Yeon Mok Oh, Ji Sook Park, Jae Yeol Kim","doi":"10.4046/trd.2023.0174","DOIUrl":"10.4046/trd.2023.0174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) expressing eosinophilia experience slightly fewer episodes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), than those without eosinophilia. However, the severity and burden of hospitalized pneumonia patients with COPD involving eosinophilia have not been assessed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated the differences in clinical characteristics between patients with CAP and COPD with or without eosinophilia by a post hoc analysis of a prospective, multi-center, cohort study data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 349 CAP patients with COPD, 45 (12.9%) had eosinophilia (blood eosinophil ≥300 cells/μL). Patients with eosinophilia had a lower sputum culture percentile (8.1% vs. 23.4%, p&lt;0.05), a lower percentile of neutrophils (70.3% vs. 80.2%, p&lt;0.05), reduced C-reactive protein levels (30.6 mg/L vs. 86.6 mg/L, p&lt;0.05), and a lower pneumonia severity index score (82.5 vs. 90.0, p&lt;0.05), than those without eosinophilia. The duration of antibiotic treatment (8.0 days vs. 10.0 days, p&lt;0.05) and hospitalization (7.0 days vs. 9.0 days, p&lt;0.05) were shorter in eosinophilic patients. The cost of medical care per day (256.4 US$ vs. 291.0 US$, p&lt;0.05), cost for the medication (276.4 US$ vs. 349.9 US$, p&lt;0.05), and cost for examination (685.5 US$ vs. 958.1 US$, p&lt;0.05) were lower in patients with eosinophilia than those without eosinophilia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Eosinophilia serves as a favorable marker for the severity of pneumonia, health-care consumption, and cost of medical care in patients with CAP and COPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"465-472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11468446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140870102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}