Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Improving Tuberculosis Medication Adherence: The Potential of Integrating Digital Technology and Health Belief Model.","authors":"Mohd Fazeli Sazali,&nbsp;Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim,&nbsp;Ahmad Hazim Mohammad,&nbsp;Fairrul Kadir,&nbsp;Alvin Oliver Payus,&nbsp;Richard Avoi,&nbsp;Mohammad Saffree Jeffree,&nbsp;Azizan Omar,&nbsp;Mohd Yusof Ibrahim,&nbsp;Azman Atil,&nbsp;Nooralisa Mohd Tuah,&nbsp;Rahmat Dapari,&nbsp;Meryl Grace Lansing,&nbsp;Ahmad Asyraf Abdul Rahim,&nbsp;Zahir Izuan Azhar","doi":"10.4046/trd.2022.0148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2022.0148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health concern. Globally, TB is among the top 10 and the leading cause of death due to a single infectious agent. Providing standard anti-TB therapy for at least 6 months is recommended as one of the crucial strategies to control the TB epidemic. However, the long duration of TB treatment raised the issue of non-adherence. Non-adherence to TB therapy could negatively affect clinical and public health outcomes. Thus, directly observed therapy (DOT) has been introduced as a standard strategy to improve anti-TB medication adherence. Nonetheless, the DOT approach has been criticized due to inconvenience, stigma, reduced economic productivity, and reduced quality of life, which ultimately could complicate adherence issues. Apart from that, its effectiveness in improving anti-TB adherence is debatable. Therefore, digital technology could be an essential tool to enhance the implementation of DOT. Incorporating the health belief model (HBM) into digital technology can further increase its effectiveness in changing behavior and improving medication adherence. This article aimed to review the latest evidence regarding TB medication non-adherence, its associated factors, DOT's efficacy and its alternatives, and the use of digital technology and HBM in improving medication adherence. This paper used the narrative review methodology to analyze related articles to address the study objectives. Conventional DOT has several disadvantages in TB management. Integrating HBM in digital technology development is potentially effective in improving medication adherence. Digital technology provides an opportunity to improve medication adherence to overcome various issues related to DOT implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":"86 2","pages":"82-93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/27/52/trd-2022-0148.PMC10073608.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9320916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Importance of Early Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Lecture from 2022 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology.","authors":"Don D Sin","doi":"10.4046/trd.2023.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2023.0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects close to 400 million people worldwide. COPD is characterized by significant airflow limitation on spirometry. Most patients with COPD are diagnosed in their fifth or sixth decades of life. However, the disease begins much earlier. By the time airflow limitation is detected on spirometry, patients with COPD have lost close to 50% of their small airways. Thus, identification of patients with early COPD, defined as persons with preserved spirometry, who demonstrate pathologic or functional hallmarks of COPD, is essential for disease modification and ultimately disease elimination. This paper provides an up-to-date overview of the current case definition of early COPD, its importance, the novel technologies required for its detection in young adults and future directions in therapeutics for treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":"86 2","pages":"71-81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/74/a0/trd-2023-0005.PMC10073605.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9269710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Internet of Things-Based Artificial Intelligence Analysis Method through Real-Time Indoor Air Quality and Health Effect Monitoring: Focusing on Indoor Air Pollution That Are Harmful to the Respiratory Organ.","authors":"EunMi Mun, Jaehyuk Cho","doi":"10.4046/trd.2022.0087","DOIUrl":"10.4046/trd.2022.0087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Everyone is aware that air and environmental pollutants are harmful to health. Among them, indoor air quality directly affects physical health, such as respiratory rather than outdoor air. However, studies that have examined the correlation between environmental and health information have been conducted with public data targeting large cohorts, and studies with real-time data analysis are insufficient. Therefore, this research explores the research with an indoor air quality monitoring (AQM) system based on developing environmental detection sensors and the internet of things to collect, monitor, and analyze environmental and health data from various data sources in real-time. It explores the usage of wearable devices for health monitoring systems. In addition, the availability of big data and artificial intelligence analysis and prediction has increased, investigating algorithmic studies for accurate prediction of hazardous environments and health impacts. Regarding health effects, techniques to prevent respiratory and related diseases were reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":"86 1","pages":"23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e4/26/trd-2022-0087.PMC9816487.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10867778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Definition of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation: The Essentials of the Rome Proposal.","authors":"Yeon-Mok Oh","doi":"10.4046/trd.2022.0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2022.0119","url":null,"abstract":"It is identical to the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/4.0/). Last year, a group of experts on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) proposed an updated definition of COPD exacerbation. They reached a consensus on the new definition using a modified Delphi method and named it ‘the Rome Proposal’ (Table 1). As a correct definition of COPD exacerbation is necessary not only for clinical practice but also for healthcare decisions, the Rome Proposal was designed to overcome the shortcomings of the current definition of COPD exacerbation documented by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) strategy. One of the shortcomings of the GOLD definition is that it relies only on subjective symptoms, which can be mimicked by pneumonia, heart failure, or pulmonary thromboembolism. In contrast, in the Rome Proposal, the experts suggested objective measurements of respiratory rate, heart rate, serum C-reactive protein, pulse oximetry, and arterial blood gas in addition to the symptoms. The Rome Proposal also suggests the evaluation of differential diagnosis and etiologic testing for airway insult and removes the term, “additional therapy” from the definition of COPD exacerbation. This is because an additional therapy may differ across COPD patients due to its availability and the preference of patients or physicians upon COPD exacerbation. However, a good definition should be concise, with the exclusion of non-essential components, and must be composed of two parts—genus (category of concept) and differentia (differentiating characteristics). A good definition of COPD exacerbation is fundamental for precise communication among healthcare professionals, patients, medical students, and even the general public. Considering the com-","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":"86 1","pages":"61-62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4c/2e/trd-2022-0119.PMC9816486.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10868330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Use of High Flow Nasal Cannula in Postextubation Period: Can It Reduce Reintubation Rate?","authors":"Prosenjit Mukherjee,&nbsp;Mohanchandra Mandal,&nbsp;Antonio M Esquinas","doi":"10.4046/trd.2022.0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2022.0113","url":null,"abstract":"Prosenjit Mukherjee, Mohanchandra Mandal, Antonio M. Esquinas. Authors: 1. Dr.Prosenjit Mukherjee (MD) Associate Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Email: docposhu@gmail.com Orcid Id: 0000-0002-6228-3769 2. Dr.Mohanchandra Mandal (MD) Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Email: drmcmandal@gmail.com Orcid ID: 0000-0003-4183-993X 3. Dr.Antonio M. Esquinas(MD, PhD, FCCP, FNIV, FAARC) Critical Care Specialist and Staff Physician, Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Morales, Meseguer, Murcia, Spain. Email:antmesquinas@gmail.com Orcid ID: 0000-0003-0571-2050","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":"86 1","pages":"63-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/eb/d5/trd-2022-0113.PMC9816493.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10510615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Use of High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Postextubation Period: Can It Reduce Reintubation Rate? Authors' Reply.","authors":"Jae Kyeom Sim,&nbsp;Young Seok Lee","doi":"10.4046/trd.2022.0161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2022.0161","url":null,"abstract":"Address for correspondence Young Seok Lee, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea Phone 82-2-2626-3256 Fax 82-2-2626-1166 E-mail avonlea76@korea.ac.kr Received Dec. 8, 2022 Revised Dec. 9, 2022 Accepted Dec. 9, 2022 Published online Dec. 12, 2022","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":"86 1","pages":"65-66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f8/e5/trd-2022-0161.PMC9816485.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10509613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Targeted Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Eun Ki Chung, Seung Hyun Yong, Eun Hye Lee, Eun Young Kim, Yoon Soo Chang, Sang Hoon Lee","doi":"10.4046/trd.2022.0066","DOIUrl":"10.4046/trd.2022.0066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer ranks first in cancer mortality in Korea and cancer incidence in Korean men. More than half of Korean lung cancer patients undergo chemotherapy, including adjuvant therapy. Cytotoxic agents, targeted therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors are used in chemotherapy according to the biopsy and genetic test results. Among chemotherapy, the one that has developed rapidly is targeted therapy. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines have been updated recently for targeted therapy of multiple gene mutations, and targeted therapy is used not only for chemotherapy but also for adjuvant therapy. While previously targeted therapies have been developed for common genetic mutations, recently targeted therapies have been developed to overcome uncommon mutations or drug resistance that have occurred since previous targeted therapy. Therefore, this study describes recent, rapidly developing targeted therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":"86 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ab/c9/trd-2022-0066.PMC9816494.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10522204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Captive.","authors":"Brian Robert Smith","doi":"10.4046/trd.2022.0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2022.0130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":"86 1","pages":"57-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/22/2c/trd-2022-0130.PMC9816491.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10867769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Open-Label, Multicentre, Observational, Post-Marketing Study to Monitor the Safety and Effectiveness of Umeclidinium/Vilanterol in Korean Patients.","authors":"Eun-Yeong Cho,&nbsp;Jung-Eun Cho,&nbsp;Eun-Bin Lee,&nbsp;Seung Soo Yoo,&nbsp;Jung Hyun Chang","doi":"10.4046/trd.2022.0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2022.0055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Umeclidinium/vilanterol (UMEC/VI; ANORO ELLIPTA, GSK) is a commonly used dual bronchodilator. This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of UMEC/VI in Korean patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) over a 6-year period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an open-label, multicentre, observational, post-marketing surveillance study. A total of 3,375 patients were enrolled consecutively in 52 hospitals, by 53 physicians, between July 2014 and July 2020. Patients who were administered UMEC/VI (fixed-dose 62.5 μg/25 μg) at least once and were monitored for safety and effectiveness were included in the analysis. Incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs) reported after administrating at least one dose of UMEC/VI were monitored, including unexpected adverse events (UAEs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Effectiveness of UMEC/VI after 24 weeks of administration was also assessed using physician's evaluation (effective, ineffective/no change, worsening, indeterminable) and lung function improvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 3,375 patients, 3,086 were included in the safety assessment group (mean age±standard deviation: 69.76±8.80 years; 85.9% male [n=2,652]; 73.1% aged ≥65 years [n=2,255]). The overall incidence of AEs was 28.8% (n=890), of which 2.2% (n=67) were ADRs. Serious AEs and UAEs were reported in 181 (5.9%) and 665 (21.6%) patients, respectively, and two patients (&lt;0.1%) reported unexpected severe ADR. Of the 903/3,086 patients analysed for effectiveness, most (82.8%, n=748) showed overall disease improvement after UMEC/VI treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirmed UMEC/VI administered to Korean patients according to the prescribing information was well-tolerated and can be considered an effective option for COPD treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":"86 1","pages":"33-46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3f/40/trd-2022-0055.PMC9816489.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10516492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome.","authors":"Irfan Ismail Ayub,&nbsp;Krishnamoorthy Vengadakrishnan","doi":"10.4046/trd.2022.0123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2022.0123","url":null,"abstract":"It is identical to the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/4.0/). Sixty-two-year-old male presented with increasing cough, purulent sputum, and breathlessness for 3 days. Over the last 30 years, the patient has had a recurring cough with sputum, often interrupted by exacerbations, requiring multiple outpatient and emergency visits, and on several occasions, admissions for antibiotics, oxygen, and bronchodilator therapy. Clinical examination revealed tachypnoea with peripheral saturation of 91%, tachycardia, pallor, digital clubbing, with bilateral crackles, and wheeze on chest auscultation. Blood investigations and arterial blood gas analysis revealed anaemia and hypoxemia, respectively. Sputum microbiology, sweat chloride, and serum immunoglobulin profile were non-contributory. Chest radiograph showed bilateral lower zone cystic changes (yellow circles) with airspace opacities (white arrows) (Figure 1). A computed tomography scan of the chest revealed tracheomegaly (tracheal diameter 31.29 mm) with multiple tracheal and bronchial wall diverticula (red arrows), upper lobe emphysema (E), bilateral bronchiectasis (yellow arrows), and right lung consolidation (P) (Figure 2A, B). Flexible bronchoscopy confirmed multiple tracheal and bronchial wall diverticulosis (white arrows), with visible overlying atrophied longitudinal smooth muscle (black arrows), consistent with Mounier-Kuhn syndrome (Figure 2C). The bronchoalveolar lavage from the middle lobe grew Klebsiella pneumoniae. He was discharged after clinical and radiological results showed improvement following appropriate antibiotic, oxygen, and bronchodilator therapy. He continues having reasonable symptom control with regular home nebulized bronchodilator therapy and chest physiotherapy, and","PeriodicalId":23368,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","volume":"86 1","pages":"59-60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0e/c9/trd-2022-0123.PMC9816488.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9082301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}