Tumori最新文献

{"title":"A radiomic approach to non-invasively decode tumor immune microenvironmental features in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer.","authors":"Giulia Mazzaschi, Maurizio Balbi, Ludovica Leo, Lucas Moron Dalla Tor, Roberto Rosati, Cristina Marrocchio, Rebecca Mura, Gianluca Milanese, Simona D'Agnelli, Giovanni Bocchialini, Monica Pluchino, Roberta Minari, Michela Verzè, Letizia Gnetti, Prisca Tamarozzi, Alessandra Dodi, Francesca Trentini, Stefano Bettati, Simonetta Croci, Luca Ampollini, Federico Quaini, Marcello Tiseo, Nicola Sverzellati","doi":"10.1177/03008916261462796","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03008916261462796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to develop radiomics-based multivariate classifiers able to non-invasively decipher the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in resected Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) subpopulations and PD-L1 TPS were immunohistochemically assessed. Radiomic features (RFs) were extracted from preoperative CT scans using the PyRadiomics platform. Six machine learning-based models were built to predict distinct TIME-related endpoints: PD-L1 (M1), CD8/CD3 ratio (M2), PD1/CD8 ratio (M3), CD3+ TILs (M4), CD4+ TILs (M5), CD8+ TILs (M6). Except for PD-L1 (classified as positive vs negative), patients were dichotomized into high versus low groups based on median values. Model development relied on Random Forest classifiers with sequential feature selection and internally validated through Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation splitsResults:A total of 98 patients with stage I-IIIA resected NSCLC were included. From 1702 initially extracted RFs per scan, 231 non-redundant features (116 tumor and 115 peritumoral) were retained after correlation filtering. Final models incorporated between 3 and 7 RFs derived from both tumor and peritumoral regions. Model performance showed accuracy, precision, sensitivity, receiver operating curve (ROC) Area under the Curve (AUC) and precision-recall curve (PRC) AUC values ranging from 70% to 80%, with slightly lower performance for M2. Specificity ranged from 55% to 77%, with the highest value observed in the CD8+ TILs model (M6). Feature selection varied across models, although one peritumoral feature (HLL-wavelet GLCM Correlation) was consistently selected in four models (M1, M2, M4, M5).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tumoral and peritumoral CT-based radiomics might effectively intercept TIME features, thus suggesting a potential non-invasive approach in resected NSCLC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23349,"journal":{"name":"Tumori","volume":" ","pages":"3008916261462796"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing workflows in radiation oncology: A process mining approach to identify treatment process challenges.","authors":"Federico Mastroleo, Roberto Gatta, Mariagrazia Lorusso, Stefania Volpe, Stefania Orini, Mattia Zaffaroni, Maria Giulia Vincini, Giulia Corrao, Massimo Sarra Fiore, Elena Rondi, Annamaria Ferrari, Federica Cattani, Pierfrancesco Franco, Roberto Orecchia, Giulia Marvaso, Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa","doi":"10.1177/03008916261452956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03008916261452956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Process mining (PM) is a powerful approach for analysing and optimising complex workflows. Radiation therapy (RT) involves multiple steps and resources, making it well suited for PM analysis.This study aims to apply a PM approach to characterise the real-world workflow of a high-volume RT department, with the goal of identifying critical transitions and bottlenecks, quantifying their impact on treatment timelines, and exploring the main factors associated with treatment suspensions and cancellations.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Patients treated with RT at our centre between January 2017 and December 2021 were included. All patient-related events were extracted from the institutional database. A first-order Markov model was used to analyse event sequences and identify anomalies, while the Kruskal-Wallis test compared median completion times across stratified sub-cohorts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study analysed 43,183 events associated with 8608 treatments. The pathway diagram depicted key events, such as <i>Prescription</i>, <i>Scheduling</i>, <i>CT simulation</i>, <i>RT start</i>, <i>RT cancelled</i>, <i>RT suspension</i>, and <i>RT end</i>. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in terms of median time in case of suspension event during the path, leading to a delay in the start of RT treatment (p<0.05). The analysis of the employed time from <i>Prescription</i> to <i>RT start</i> demonstrated a significant impact of suspension on the time interval for breast, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, metastatic, head and neck, gynaecological, thoracic, and skin cancer (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study illustrates the applicability of PM as a methodological framework for analysing care pathways. By demonstrating how PM can identify delays, interruptions, and workflow inefficiencies, it highlights its potential to support process evaluation and optimisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23349,"journal":{"name":"Tumori","volume":" ","pages":"3008916261452956"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When biological complexity demands more than better trial designs.","authors":"Matteo Janni, Celeste Cagnazzo","doi":"10.1177/03008916261473076","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03008916261473076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing complexity of precision medicine has highlighted the limitations of traditional randomized clinical trials (RCTs) when applied to highly stratified populations and biologically heterogeneous diseases. In this context, master protocols represent an evolution towards integrated experimental infrastructures, capable of simultaneously evaluating multiple interventions or molecular subgroups within a single methodological framework.These designs redefine the role of randomization in complex settings. Conventional RCTs remain indispensable as confirmatory studies, thanks to their methodological rigor and the robustness of the evidence they generate.Future developments will depend on the capacity to ensure statistical rigor, transparent governance, data protection and equitable access to experimental infrastructures and advanced molecular screening. In this evolving landscape, master protocols emerge not as a methodological trend, but as one of the most convincing tools for making evidence generation faster, more flexible, and more sustainable without giving up the scientific standards required by contemporary clinical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23349,"journal":{"name":"Tumori","volume":" ","pages":"3008916261473076"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148698036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific societies and the training agenda for end-of-life oncology care.","authors":"Raffaele Giusti, Giampiero Porzio","doi":"10.1177/03008916261464398","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03008916261464398","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23349,"journal":{"name":"Tumori","volume":" ","pages":"3008916261464398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chimeric thoracodorsal free flap reconstruction for extended circumferential pharyngo-laryngectomy: A case report.","authors":"Valentina Cristofaro, Fabiola Incandela, Lorenzo Giannini, Madia Pompilio, Francesca Fraccaroli, Alberto Deganello","doi":"10.1177/03008916261437939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03008916261437939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Circumferential pharyngolaryngectomy (CPL) may result in extensive posterior pharyngeal defects for which standard reconstructive strategies are insufficient. Chimeric flaps from the thoracodorsal system (TDSF) offer independently vascularized components that may address both posterior coverage and luminal restoration. We report what appears to be the first use of a chimeric TDSF for reconstruction following extended CPL.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 68-year-old man with cT4aN1 squamous cell carcinoma of the right oro-hypopharyngeal wall underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by extended CPL, bilateral neck dissection and total thyroidectomy. Resection included the entire posterior rhino-oro-hypopharyngeal mucosa, creating an approximately 18-cm defect. A chimeric TDSF was harvested in supine position, combining a serratus anterior myofascial component for resurfacing the prevertebral fascia and a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous component to recreate the neopharyngeal circumference. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with no fistula or stenosis. Oral feeding resumed on postoperative day 15, and the patient was discharged on day 20. Histopathology showed pT4aN3b disease with negative margins, enabling timely adjuvant chemoradiotherapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chimeric TDSF reconstruction provided reliable posterior protection and functional pharyngeal restoration in a defect not amenable to standard techniques. This approach may represent a valuable option for selected complex CPL cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23349,"journal":{"name":"Tumori","volume":" ","pages":"3008916261437939"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical challenges and multidisciplinary approaches in end-of-life oncology care: Insights from the 2025 AIOM Ethics Days.","authors":"Lorenzo Belluomini, Angela Toss, Massimo Di Maio, Francesco Perrone, Vittorina Zagonel","doi":"10.1177/03008916261431067","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03008916261431067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>End-of-life care in oncology represents a complex and multidimensional challenge that requires ethical awareness, effective communication, and multidisciplinary collaboration. Drawing from the discussions and data presented during the 2025 AIOM Ethics Days, this paper highlights key aspects influencing the quality and humanity of end-of-life care. Significant gaps persist in clinicians' knowledge and in the practical implementation of shared care planning, not solved by the dedicated Italian law approved in 2017 (n.219). Communication between oncologists and patients remains a critical factor in fostering informed decisions and emotional support. Awareness of prognosis and early integration of palliative care improve quality of life, yet these remain underutilized. Spiritual support and organizational innovation are increasingly recognized as essential components of comprehensive care. The findings highlight the importance of interprofessional dialogue, ethical reflection, and ongoing education to reduce overtreatment and professional distress. Fostering a culture of respect and shared responsibility is essential to uphold patients' dignity throughout the end-of-life process.</p>","PeriodicalId":23349,"journal":{"name":"Tumori","volume":" ","pages":"348-354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13443365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147780893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring new frontiers: Outcomes and feasibility of a third radiotherapy course in recurrent prostate cancer.","authors":"Costantino Putzu, Federico Mastroleo, Mattia Zaffaroni, Maria Giulia Vincini, Dario Zerini, Giovanni Carlo Mazzola, Chiara Lorubbio, Sabrina Clobiaco, Karl Amin, Francesca Emiro, Federica Cattani, Stefano Luzzago, Francesco Alessandro Mistretta, Ottavio De Cobelli, Gennaro Musi, Giuseppe Petralia, Marcin Miszczyk, Giulia Marvaso, Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa","doi":"10.1177/03008916261445263","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03008916261445263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Re-irradiation is increasingly recognized as a viable and safe treatment option for prostate cancer (PCa) local recurrence. The aim of this study is to present the safety profile, feasibility, and efficacy of a third radiation therapy (RT) course with stereotactic image-guided technique for PCa local relapse through a retrospective analysis of a tertiary centre experience.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Inclusion criteria for the third RT course were as follows: (1) histologically confirmed PCa initial diagnosis; (2) history of two prior courses of RT targeting the prostate gland or the prostate bed; (3) no evidence of greater than grade 2 genitourinary (GU) or gastrointestinal (GI) late events from previous treatments; (4) diagnosis of local recurrence at the restaging imaging in hormone sensitive patients performed after second RT biochemical recurrence. Primary endpoint was incidence of adverse events (AEs) and secondary endpoints included biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS) and clinical progression-free survival (CPFS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2013 to 2024, 18 and five patients received a third RT course to a radiologicaly-detectable intraprostatic or prostate-bed recurrence, respectively. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was not routinely used and only seven patients received concurrent ADT. Five patients had follow-up of less than 12 months. Of the remaining 18 patients, five were considered disease-free at a median follow-up of 48.5 months. Median BRFS following third RT was 22.6 months in patients with intraprostatic recurrence and 27.0 months in patients with prostate bed recurrence, while median CPFS was 30.9 months and 33.8 months, respectively. Three grade 3 acute GU events, two grade 3 late GU events, one grade 4 late GU event, and one grade 3 late GI event were recorded. No grade 5 events were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This unique series shows that a third RT can be proposed to highly selected patients as a salvage therapy in experienced centers with an acceptable safety profile, potentially prolonging relapse-free survival and ADT-free interval. Further studies are necessary to fully evaluate the most suitable patients population, optimal dose prescription, and dosimetric constraints to organs at risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":23349,"journal":{"name":"Tumori","volume":" ","pages":"325-335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13443362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ewing sarcoma of the head and neck region in pediatric patients: A retrospective monoinstitutional series.","authors":"Valentina Di Ruscio, Ida Russo, Angela Di Giannatale, Evelina Miele, Elisa Meldolesi, Sabina Vennarini, Alessandra Stracuzzi, Rita Alaggio, Giada Del Baldo, Mario Zama, Urbano Urbani, Giuseppe Maria Milano","doi":"10.1177/03008916261432403","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03008916261432403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ewing sarcoma (ES) occurs in the head and neck (HN) region in fewer than 10% of cases, presenting distinct therapeutic challenges.We retrospectively reviewed all ES cases diagnosed at our institution from 2000 to 2022.Of 131 patients, 10 (7.6%) had primary HN tumors (median age: 10 years). Tumor locations included the paranasal sinuses (n=6), jaw (n=2), and skull (n=2). Three patients presented with metastatic disease.All patients received first-line chemotherapy, except one who underwent upfront surgery. Local treatment included radiotherapy (RT) alone (n=4), surgery plus RT (n=4), and surgery alone (n=2). Resection was feasible in six cases, with five patients achieving R0 margins following delayed surgery after Busulfan-Melphalan (BuMel) consolidation. Reconstruction used autologous bone grafts (n=3) or free fibular flaps (n=2), with one graft failure.One patient had local recurrence at 24 months; three with initial metastases had distant relapse at 8, 29, and 44 months. Median event-free survival (EFS) was 27 months (range: 8-44), and median overall survival (OS) was 63 months (range: 12-159). At last follow-up, five patients were in complete remission, one was receiving third-line therapy, one was lost to follow-up, and three died in disease progression.In conclusion, metastatic disease at diagnosis remains the strongest predictor of poor outcome. Nevertheless, our findings highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach, with close collaboration among radiation oncologists and maxillofacial surgeons. Such integrated teamwork may improve prognosis and help reduce long-term sequelae.</p>","PeriodicalId":23349,"journal":{"name":"Tumori","volume":" ","pages":"341-347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13443354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147983458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International multicenter experience of prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of metastatic non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma.","authors":"Alessandro Rametta, Sebastiano Buti, Marco Stellato, Marco Maruzzo, Luca Lalli, Alessandro Acunzo, Michele Maffezzoli, Davide Bimbatti, Francesco Pierantoni, Francesco Massari, Paola Ermacora, Roberto Iacovelli, Alessia Mennitto, Claudia Mucciarini, Matteo Santoni, Lucia Fratino, Rafael Morales, David Marmolejo, Laia Catalan, Cristina Suarez, Giuseppe Procopio","doi":"10.1177/03008916261436580","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03008916261436580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) represents a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies with limited evidence guiding systemic therapy. The recent introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and their combinations with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has shown promising results, but real-world data remain scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively collected clinical and pathological data from patients with metastatic nccRCC included in the Italian Meet-URO-23/I-RARE database and from Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO). Prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Treatment outcomes were assessed by histology and therapeutic regimen.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 156 patients were included: papillary (56.4%), chromophobe (22.4%), translocated (10.9%), and unclassified (10.3%) RCC. Median OS was 17.5 months (95%CI 14.7-27.6) and median progression free survival (PFS) 10.2 months (95%CI 7.6-13.7). Patients treated with ICI-combinations (ICI plus ICI or ICI plus VEGF-TKI) showed significantly improved survival (median OS not reached vs 14.7 months for other regimens, p = 0.0053). The overall objective response rate (ORR) and disease free survival (DFS) for ICI+TKI was 53.3% (16/30 evaluable) and 93.3% (28/30), with ORR of 55.5% (10/18) in papillary and 46.1% (6/13) in chromophobe subtypes. In the overall ICI-combination group, ORR was 48%. In multivariate analysis, International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) score, presence of bone metastases, and type of first-line therapy were independently associated with OS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this large international real-world cohort, ICI-based combinations demonstrated superior outcomes compared to other regimens in metastatic nccRCC. These results reinforce the role of immunotherapy combinations as a preferred first-line approach and confirm the IMDC score as a reliable prognostic tool in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23349,"journal":{"name":"Tumori","volume":" ","pages":"297-304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13443394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breath analysis for non-invasive detection of breast cancer: A prospective observational cohort study.","authors":"Michela Bianchi, Francesco Segrado, Alessio Polymeropoulos, Andreina Oliverio, Paolo Baili, Luisa Emma Morandi, Roberto Agresti, Gianfranco Scaperrotta, Siranoush Manoukian, Manuela Milani, Valerio Leoni, Rosalba Miceli, Patrizia Pasanisi, Rosaria Orlandi","doi":"10.1177/03008916261431054","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03008916261431054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose and design: </strong>BreathBC is a multicenter prospective observational cohort study aimed at comparing metabolic profiles from exhaled breath of patients with breast cancer (BC) and malignancy-free controls. The study accounts for the novelty and complexity of breath analysis, with a particular emphasis on the standardization of each step in the process.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Women with primary BC without distant metastasis, women carriers of germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants and controls were consecutively recruited in two clinical independent cohorts and two technical validation cohorts. Breath samples were collected and linked to clinical breast status, personal, medical and lifestyle data that were retrieved using a questionnaire focused on factors potentially affecting breath analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1010 participants, a group of 846 subjects, compliant with criteria of recruitment and sampling of the study, were preliminarily characterized. The mean age was 61 years for patients with BC and 58 years for controls, with 71% of women in post-menopause. The control group included 48% of participants with benign disease. Hypertension was the main age-related morbidity observed in 28% of participants and 10% were smokers. Among patients with BC, 15% had <i>in situ</i> disease and 85% an invasive cancer whose sub-typing presented a high prevalence of luminal subtypes, in agreement with the consecutive recruitment.Future activities will be focused on data analysis of breathomics data and on technical enhancement of prototypes used for sampling and instrumental analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23349,"journal":{"name":"Tumori","volume":" ","pages":"355-365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13443389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}