Transplant InternationalPub Date : 2024-10-30eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.13551
Mario Fernández-Ruiz, Tamara Ruiz-Merlo, Isabel Rodríguez-Goncer, José María Caso, Francisco López-Medrano, Patricia Parra, Rafael San Juan, Natalia Polanco, Esther González, Amado Andrés, José María Aguado, Natalia Redondo
{"title":"Performance of a Global Functional Assay Based on Interferon-γ Release to Predict Infectious Complications and Cancer After Kidney Transplantation.","authors":"Mario Fernández-Ruiz, Tamara Ruiz-Merlo, Isabel Rodríguez-Goncer, José María Caso, Francisco López-Medrano, Patricia Parra, Rafael San Juan, Natalia Polanco, Esther González, Amado Andrés, José María Aguado, Natalia Redondo","doi":"10.3389/ti.2024.13551","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ti.2024.13551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The QuantiFERON-Monitor assay (QTF-Monitor) is intended to assess innate and adaptive immune responses by quantifying interferon (IFN)-γ release upon whole blood stimulation with a TLR7/8 agonist and an anti-CD3 antibody. We performed the QTF-Monitor in 126 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) at different points during the first 6 post-transplant months. The primary outcome was overall infection, whereas secondary outcomes included bacterial infection, opportunistic infection and <i>de novo</i> cancer. The association between IFN-γ production and outcomes was analyzed as \"low\" immune responses (<15 IU/mL) and as a continuous variable to explore alternative thresholds. There were no significant differences in the occurrence of overall infection according to the QTF-Monitor at any monitoring point. Regarding secondary outcomes, KTRs with a low response at week 2 experienced a higher incidence of bacterial infection (50.8% versus 24.4%; <i>P</i>-value = 0.006). Low response at month 1 was also associated with opportunistic infection (31.6% versus 14.3%; <i>P</i>-value = 0.033). The discriminative capacity of IFN-γ levels was poor (areas under the ROC curve: 0.677 and 0.659, respectively). No differences were observed for the remaining points or post-transplant cancer. In conclusion, the QTF-Monitor may have a role to predict bacterial and opportunistic infection in KTRs when performed early after transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23343,"journal":{"name":"Transplant International","volume":"37 ","pages":"13551"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11557340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transplant InternationalPub Date : 2024-10-30eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.12822
Xin Jin, Jacques Pirenne, Robin Vos, Charlotte Hooft, Janne Kaes, Jan Van Slambrouck, Phéline Kortleven, Christelle Vandervelde, Hanne Beeckmans, Pieterjan Kerckhof, Marianne S Carlon, Dirk Van Raemdonck, Mark R Looney, Bart M Vanaudenaerde, Laurens J Ceulemans
{"title":"Donor-Specific Blood Transfusion in Lung Transplantation.","authors":"Xin Jin, Jacques Pirenne, Robin Vos, Charlotte Hooft, Janne Kaes, Jan Van Slambrouck, Phéline Kortleven, Christelle Vandervelde, Hanne Beeckmans, Pieterjan Kerckhof, Marianne S Carlon, Dirk Van Raemdonck, Mark R Looney, Bart M Vanaudenaerde, Laurens J Ceulemans","doi":"10.3389/ti.2024.12822","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ti.2024.12822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung transplantation is still hindered by a high rate of chronic rejection necessitating profound immunosuppression with its associated complications. Donor-specific blood transfusion is a pre-transplant strategy aimed at improving graft acceptance. In contrast with standard stored blood or donor-specific regulatory T cells transfusions, this approach utilizes fresh whole blood from the donor prior to allograft transplantation, encompassing all cell types and plasma. The precise mechanisms underlying donor-specific blood transfusion-induced tolerance remain incompletely understood. Associations with regulatory/helper T cells, modulation of mononuclear phagocytic cells or microchimerism have been suggested. While numerous (pre-)clinical studies have explored its application in solid organ transplants like liver, kidney, and intestine, limited attention has been given to the setting of lung transplantation. This comprehensive review summarizes existing knowledge on the mechanisms and outcomes of donor-specific blood transfusion in solid organ transplants both in preclinical and clinical settings. We also address the potential benefits and risks associated with donor-specific blood transfusion in the field of lung transplantation, offering insights into future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23343,"journal":{"name":"Transplant International","volume":"37 ","pages":"12822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transplant InternationalPub Date : 2024-10-25eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.13313
Min Seo Ki, Nam Eun Kim, Ala Woo, Song Yee Kim, Young Sam Kim, Ha Eun Kim, Jin Gu Lee, Hyo Chae Paik, Moo Suk Park
{"title":"Post-Transplant Vitamin D Deficiency in Lung Transplant Recipients: Impact on Outcomes and Prognosis.","authors":"Min Seo Ki, Nam Eun Kim, Ala Woo, Song Yee Kim, Young Sam Kim, Ha Eun Kim, Jin Gu Lee, Hyo Chae Paik, Moo Suk Park","doi":"10.3389/ti.2024.13313","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ti.2024.13313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the recognized clinical significance of vitamin D deficiency in other solid organ transplant recipients, its specific relevance in lung transplantation remains to be fully understood. In this study, we performed a retrospective observational study on the impact of vitamin D deficiency on clinical outcomes and prognosis in 125 lung transplant recipients (LTRs) from October 2014 to March 2020 at a university hospital in Seoul, South Korea. Among 125 LTRs, 51 patients (40.8%) were vitamin D deficient. LTRs in the vitamin D-deficient group exhibited a higher incidence of post-transplant pneumonia and overall mortality than those with normal vitamin D levels during the follow-up period. This trend persisted when subjects were stratified into vitamin D tertiles. Furthermore, post-transplant vitamin D levels and C-reactive protein (CRP) significantly impacted pneumonia incidence and survival outcomes. Prognosis also varied based on cumulative vitamin D supplementation after transplantation, with patients receiving higher cumulative supplementation demonstrating improved prognosis. Our findings underscore the importance of assessing and maintaining optimal vitamin D levels post-transplantation, suggesting a potential avenue for improving outcomes in lung transplant recipients, especially in mitigating infection risk and enhancing long-term survival. Further research into optimal vitamin D levels and supplementation strategies in this population is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":23343,"journal":{"name":"Transplant International","volume":"37 ","pages":"13313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11543412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of the Therapeutic Potential of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Inhibition in a Murine Model of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome.","authors":"Kyoto Matsudo, Shinkichi Takamori, Tomoyoshi Takenaka, Mototsugu Shimokawa, Asato Hashinokuchi, Taichi Nagano, Fumihiko Kinoshita, Takaki Akamine, Mikihiro Kohno, Gouji Toyokawa, Tomoharu Yoshizumi","doi":"10.3389/ti.2024.13227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ti.2024.13227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a chronic complication following lung transplantation that limits the long-term survival. Although the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is involved in post-transplantation rejection, its involvement in BOS pathogenesis remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of EZH2 inhibition in BOS. 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) was administered intraperitoneally to heterotopic tracheal transplant recipient model mice. Tracheal allografts were obtained on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after transplantation. The obstruction ratios of the DZNep and control groups on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 were 15.1% ± 0.8% vs. 20.4% ± 3.6% (<i>p</i> = 0.996), 16.9% ± 2.1% vs. 67.7% ± 11.5% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), 47.8% ± 7.8% vs. 92.2% ± 5.4% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and 60.0% ± 9.6% vs. 95.0% ± 2.3% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), respectively. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon-γ on day 7 and those of IL-2, tumor necrosis factor, and IL-17A on days 14, 21, and 28 were significantly reduced following DZNep treatment. DZNep significantly decreased the number of infiltrating T-cells on day 14. In conclusion, DZNep-mediated EZH2 inhibition suppressed the inflammatory reactions driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines and T cell infiltration, thereby alleviating BOS symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23343,"journal":{"name":"Transplant International","volume":"37 ","pages":"13227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11543400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transplant InternationalPub Date : 2024-10-24eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.13122
Lorenzo Piemonti, Antonio Citro, Valentina Tomajer, Stefano Partelli, Rossana Caldara
{"title":"Pig Xenotransplantation in Beta Cell Replacement: Addressing Challenges and Harnessing Potential for Type 1 Diabetes Therapy.","authors":"Lorenzo Piemonti, Antonio Citro, Valentina Tomajer, Stefano Partelli, Rossana Caldara","doi":"10.3389/ti.2024.13122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ti.2024.13122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This opinion paper evaluates the potential of porcine islets as a promising alternative in beta cell replacement therapy for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), juxtaposed with the current limitations of human donor islets. It analyzes the compatibility of pig islets with human glucose metabolism, their prospects as a limitless and high-quality source of beta cells, and the unique immunogenic challenges they present in xenotransplantation. Additionally, the paper discusses the regulatory and ethical considerations pertinent to the use of porcine islets. By synthesizing current research and expert perspectives, the paper highlights both the opportunities and significant barriers that need addressing to advance pig islets as a viable therapeutic option. The findings advocate for a balanced and forward-looking approach to the integration of pig islets in T1D treatment, underscoring the need for continued research and dialogue in this evolving field.</p>","PeriodicalId":23343,"journal":{"name":"Transplant International","volume":"37 ","pages":"13122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11540633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transplant InternationalPub Date : 2024-10-18eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.13142
Charlotte Susanna, Nathalie van Dijk, Wim de Jongh, Hanne Verberght, Walther van Mook, Jan Bollen, Bas van Bussel
{"title":"Promising Results of Kidney Transplantation From Donors Following Euthanasia During 10-Year Follow-Up: A Nationwide Cohort Study.","authors":"Charlotte Susanna, Nathalie van Dijk, Wim de Jongh, Hanne Verberght, Walther van Mook, Jan Bollen, Bas van Bussel","doi":"10.3389/ti.2024.13142","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ti.2024.13142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The outcome of kidneys transplanted following organ donation after euthanasia (ODE) remains unclear. This study analyzed all kidney transplantations in the Netherlands from January 2012 to December 2021, comparing the outcomes following ODE, donation after circulatory death (DCD-III), and donation after brain death (DBD). 9,208 kidney transplantations were performed: 148 ODE, 2118 DCD-III, and 1845 DBD. Initial graft function was compared between these categories. Immediate graft function, delayed graft function and primary non-function in ODE kidney recipients were 76%, 22%, and 2%, respectively, 47%, 50% and 3% in DCD-III kidney recipients and 73%, 25%, and 2% in DBD kidney recipients (overall p-value: p < 0.001). The number of kidneys transplanted over a median follow-up period of 4.0 years (IQR 2.0-6.6), was 1810, including 72 ODE, 958 DCD-III and 780 DBD kidneys. In this period, 213 grafts (11.8%) failed [7 grafts (9.7%) from ODE donors, 93 grafts (9.7%) from DCD-III donors, and 113 grafts (14.5%) from DBD donors]. Kidneys transplanted after euthanasia have a good immediate graft function, a comparable longitudinal 10 years eGFR, and similar graft failure hazard to kidneys from DCD-III and DBD. Kidney transplantation following ODE is a valuable and safe contribution to the donor pool.</p>","PeriodicalId":23343,"journal":{"name":"Transplant International","volume":"37 ","pages":"13142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transplant InternationalPub Date : 2024-10-18eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.13806
Nichon E Jansen, Dale Gardiner
{"title":"Results of Kidney Transplantation from Donors Following Euthanasia in the Netherlands: Benchmarking Science and Ethical Challenge.","authors":"Nichon E Jansen, Dale Gardiner","doi":"10.3389/ti.2024.13806","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ti.2024.13806","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23343,"journal":{"name":"Transplant International","volume":"37 ","pages":"13806"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transplant InternationalPub Date : 2024-10-17eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.11872
Ingeborg de Rover, Lara Orlandini, Sarwa Darwish Murad, Wojciech G Polak, Jane Hartley, Khalid Sharif, Dimitri Sneiders, Hermien Hartog
{"title":"Outcome of Solid Organ Transplantation in Patients With Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Literature Review.","authors":"Ingeborg de Rover, Lara Orlandini, Sarwa Darwish Murad, Wojciech G Polak, Jane Hartley, Khalid Sharif, Dimitri Sneiders, Hermien Hartog","doi":"10.3389/ti.2024.11872","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ti.2024.11872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Access to solid organ transplantation in patients with intellectual disability is associated with health inequities due to concerns about treatment adherence, survival rates, and post-transplant quality of life. This systematic literature review aims to compare outcomes after organ transplantation in patients with intellectual disability compared to patients without intellectual disability. Embase, Medline Ovid, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Trials, and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched for studies concerning pediatric or adult solid organ transplantation in recipients with a diagnosis of intellectual disability prior to transplantation. Primary outcomes were patient and graft survival rates. Secondary outcomes were acute rejection rate, adherence rates, and quality of life. Nine studies were included, describing kidney (n = 6), heart (n = 4) and liver (n = 1) transplantation. Reported graft survival rates were non-inferior or better compared to patients without intellectual disability, while patient survival was reportedly slightly lower in two studies reporting on kidney transplantation. Although current evidence has a potential selection bias based on including patients with a sufficient support network, intellectual disability alone should not be regarded a relative or absolute contra-indication for solid organ transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23343,"journal":{"name":"Transplant International","volume":"37 ","pages":"11872"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11524806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transplant InternationalPub Date : 2024-10-16eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.13322
Elena Bianca Barbir, Samer Abdulmoneim, Arkadiusz Z Dudek, Aleksandra Kukla
{"title":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Kidney Transplant Recipients - A Review of Potential Complications and Management Strategies.","authors":"Elena Bianca Barbir, Samer Abdulmoneim, Arkadiusz Z Dudek, Aleksandra Kukla","doi":"10.3389/ti.2024.13322","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ti.2024.13322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has enabled a paradigm shift in Oncology, with the treatment of metastatic cancer in certain tumor types becoming akin to the treatment of chronic disease. Kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are at increased risk of developing cancer compared to the general population. Historically, KTR were excluded from ICI clinical trials due to concern for allograft rejection and decreased anti-tumor efficacy. While early post-marketing data revealed an allograft rejection risk of 40%-50%, 2 recent small prospective trials have demonstrated lower rates of rejection of 0%-12%, suggesting that maintenance immunosuppression modification prior to ICI start modulates rejection risk. Moreover, objective response rates induced by ICI for the treatment of advanced or metastatic skin cancer, the most common malignancy in KTR, have been comparable to those achieved by immune intact patients. Non-invasive biomarkers may have a role in risk-stratifying patients before starting ICI, and monitoring for rejection, though allograft biopsy is required to confirm diagnosis. This clinically focused review summarizes current knowledge on complications of ICI use in KTR, including their mechanism, risk mitigation strategies, non-invasive biomarker use, approaches to treatment of rejection, and suggestions for future directions in research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23343,"journal":{"name":"Transplant International","volume":"37 ","pages":"13322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transplant InternationalPub Date : 2024-10-16eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.13318
Mathilde Chambon, Alice Koenig
{"title":"NK Cells: Not Just Followers But Also Initiators of Chronic Vascular Rejection.","authors":"Mathilde Chambon, Alice Koenig","doi":"10.3389/ti.2024.13318","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ti.2024.13318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic graft rejection represents a significant threat to long-term graft survival. Early diagnosis, understanding of the immunological mechanisms and appropriate therapeutic management are essential to improve graft survival and quality of life for transplant patients. Knowing which immune cells are responsible for chronic vascular rejection would allow us to provide effective and appropriate treatment for these patients. It is now widely accepted that natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in chronic vascular rejection. They can either initiate chronic vascular rejection by recognizing missing self on the graft or be recruited by donor-specific antibodies to destroy the graft during antibody-mediated rejection. Whatever the mechanisms of activation of NK cells, they need to be primed to become fully activated and damaging to the graft. A better understanding of the signaling pathways involved in NK cell priming and activation would pave the way for the development of new therapeutic strategies to cure chronic vascular rejection. This review examines the critical role of NK cells in the complex context of chronic vascular rejection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23343,"journal":{"name":"Transplant International","volume":"37 ","pages":"13318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}