Translational Vision Science & Technology最新文献

{"title":"The Usefulness of a Wearable Electronic Vision Enhancement System for People With Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Randomized Crossover Trial.","authors":"Andrew Miller, Michael D Crossland, Jane Macnaughton, Keziah Latham","doi":"10.1167/tvst.14.9.8","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.14.9.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the usefulness of a wearable electronic vision enhancement system (wEVES) for people with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-four adults with AMD, 64.7% female, mean age 80.2(±6.0), were recruited from a UK low vision service. A 12-week non-masked randomized crossover trial compared wEVES usefulness with participants' existing low vision solutions. Primary outcome measures were visual ability, vision-related quality of life (VRQoL), device usage, and user-reported preferred device. Secondary outcomes were adverse effects, willingness to purchase, and qualitative reactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall visual ability improved with wEVES compared to existing solutions alone (mean difference -0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.48 to -0.04; P = 0.02). The wEVES were used for varied activities, including distance tasks, with few reported alternative strategies. However, these findings did not translate into changes in VRQoL (mean difference 0.10; 95% CI, -0.27 to 0.46; P = 0.59) or sustained device use. The wEVES were not the most preferred device for any task or individual, even when self-reported performance surpassed existing solutions. Adverse effects were minor, but participants' satisfaction and willingness to use wEVES declined significantly from trial baseline to end.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The wEVES improved self-reported visual ability, indicating their potential to support vision rehabilitation for people with AMD, albeit in a device that was largely not preferred over existing solutions. A user-led home trial evaluated using mixed methods is more indicative of the usefulness of wEVES for people with AMD than a short clinical demonstration.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>To understand the usefulness of wEVES for people with AMD, broader measures than visual function and visual ability should be applied within longer user-led assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"14 9","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12416520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diurnal Variability of Human Tear Volume and Production Rate: An Exploratory Study.","authors":"Dorothy K Ma, Yameng Ge, Alisa K Molina, Helen Tasho, Anisha Pradhan, Andrea J FazioLiu, Jennifer E Ding, Young Hyun Kim, Shaokui Ge, Meng C Lin","doi":"10.1167/tvst.14.9.3","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.14.9.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to compare the diurnal patterns of tear meniscus height (TMH), traditional Schirmer strip test (TSST) wetted length, modified Schirmer strip test (MSST) wetted length, and tear aqueous production (TAP) rate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred fourteen subjects were evaluated between 7:00 and 16:00 hours. TMH (mm) was measured with the Oculus Keratograph 5M. TSST wetted length (mm) was measured without strip sheathing and topical anesthetic. The MSST with topical anesthetic and strip sheathing was used to measure wetted length (mm) and TAP rate (µL/min). The diurnal pattern was analyzed with linear mixed models which used the first visit time period as the reference and adjusted for demographic and clinical factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TMH was relatively stable throughout the day (P values > 0.05). TSST wetted lengths fluctuated throughout the day, but the differences were insignificant (P values > 0.05). MSST wetted length increased significantly during 13:01 to 14:00 hours and 14:01 to 15:00 hours, with adjusted mean change of 3.75 mm (95% confidence interval 0.15-7.34, P = 0.04) and 3.97 mm (95% confidence interval = 0.24-7.70, P = 0.04), respectively. TAP rate also increased significantly during 13:01 to 14:00 hours, with an adjusted mean change of 0.63 µL/min (95% confidence interval = 0.03-1.22, P = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By adjusting for demographic and clinical confounders, this study found a distinct diurnal pattern in TAP rate and MSST wetted length. In contrast, TMH and TSST wetted length did not change significantly throughout the day. Study results accentuate the limitations of TMH and TSST wetted length for evaluating tear production.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>TAP rate has the potential to provide valuable insight into tear production by evading the limitations of conventional tear volume measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"14 9","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Efficiency and Precision of Bayesian Active Learning qReading in Low Vision.","authors":"Deyue Yu, Zhong-Lin Lu","doi":"10.1167/tvst.14.9.28","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.14.9.28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>A novel Bayesian active learning method, the qReading method, was developed to measure reading speed versus print size function. Using a Bayesian adaptive procedure that selects stimuli to optimize information gain, the method has demonstrated high efficiency and precision in assessing individuals with normal vision.1,2 This study examines its efficiency and precision in patients with visual impairments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Reading functions of 20 visually impaired observers were measured. Each observer read 60 sentences at varying speeds and print sizes, determined by the qReading method. The area under the reading curve (AUC) quantified overall reading performance. The 68.2% half width of the credible interval (HWCI) of the posterior distribution of reading speed gauged precision.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AUC exhibited high variation initially and leveled off within 10 trials, with the final AUC value ranging between 1.75 and 2.51 across subjects. Estimation error decreased to 5% within 14 trials. Root mean square error dropped below 0.05 log10 units after 25 trials. HWCI of reading speed decreased to 0.05 log10 units within 18 trials. Whereas 60 trials took 11 minutes, fewer (e.g. 20) trials may suffice for precise estimates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The qReading method demonstrated outstanding precision and efficiency in visually impaired individuals, and may serve as a valuable tool in research and clinical assessment for low vision.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>The qReading method provides efficient and precise evaluation of reading performance in individuals with visual impairments, highlighting its potential clinical application for assessing reading function and monitoring interventions in low vision populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"14 9","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12449820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained Neurotrophic Factor Co-Treatment Enhances Donor and Host Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival in Mice.","authors":"Jonathan R Soucy, Julia Oswald, Emil Kriukov, Monichan Phay, John Masland, Christian Pernstich, Petr Baranov","doi":"10.1167/tvst.14.9.27","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.14.9.27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) lack regenerative capacity in mammals, and their degeneration in glaucoma leads to irreversible blindness. Autologous and allogeneic RGC replacement with stem cell-derived neurons is a promising strategy for vision restoration; however, low (<1%) donor cell survival in the diseased retina and optic nerve remains a major limitation. We aimed to improve initial donor RGC survival by supplementing transplants with slow-release neuroprotective factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mouse and human stem cell-derived RGCs were cultured and transplanted into mouse models of optic neuropathy with or without a slow-release formulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Donor RGC differentiation, survival, and function were assessed in vitro using flow cytometry, multielectrode array recordings, and neurite outgrowth analysis. Donor RGC survival and host retinal function after transplantation and BDNF/GDNF co-treatment in mice were evaluated using retinal flat mounts and electroretinography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Slow-release BDNF/GDNF significantly enhanced RGC differentiation, survival, and spontaneous neural activity in vitro. In vivo, co-treatment improved donor RGC transplantation outcomes by 2.7-fold for mouse RGCs and 15-fold for human RGCs in mice. Additionally, slow-release BDNF/GDNF preserved host RGC function, providing neuroprotection against injury-induced retinal dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Engineering the retinal microenvironment with slow-release neurotrophic factors significantly enhances both donor and host neuron survival, representing a promising approach for treating glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>This study demonstrates that sustained neurotrophic factor delivery can protect vision and improve retinal neuron transplantation outcomes, advancing the treatment of optic neuropathies at both mild and severe stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"14 9","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12449818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Relationship Between Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) and Cataract: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Guoqing Wu, Xin Kao","doi":"10.1167/tvst.14.9.23","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.14.9.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has been linked to cataract in previous epidemiological observational studies; however, the exact causal relationship between HbA1c and cataract formation remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using data from two datasets in IEU OpenGWAS database. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) estimation was used as the primary analysis, followed by the application of four complementary methods to detect and correct the effect of horizontal pleiotropy. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used as instrumental variables (IVs) for HbA1c or cataract. Comparable results were obtained by methods such as Cochran's Q. Enrichment analysis was performed on IV-associated genes. Validation analysis based on cell lines was performed to reveal the effect of HbA1c in vitro.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 183 SNPs were used as significant IVs for HbA1c in forward MR analysis. The results showed that HbA1c was significantly associated with cataracts (odds ratio = 1.022, 95% confidence interval, 1.012-1.031, P = 2.95E-06). However, the causal effect of cataracts on HbA1c was not significant in the reverse MR analysis. The IVW method provided the ideal results in current bidirectional MR analysis. Horizontal pleiotropy was unlikely to distort the causal estimates according to the sensitivity analysis. IV-associated genes were mainly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism function and autophagy pathway. Elevated HbA1c levels significantly increased ROS production, reduced SOD activity, and induced apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings of this MR study supported a causal effect of HbA1c on cataract, underscoring the clinical importance of tight glycemic control as a strategy for reducing cataract risk.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>With the further study of HbA1c, this study suggests that there is a causal relationship between HbA1c and cataract and suggests that strict blood glucose control can be a strategy to reduce the risk of cataracts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"14 9","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12448137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Conjunctival Vasculature Imaging: A Multi-Objective Cuckoo Search Approach for Contrast Enhancement Optimization.","authors":"Clara Llorens-Quintana, Umut Kuran, Emre Can Kuran, David Madrid-Costa","doi":"10.1167/tvst.14.9.36","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.14.9.36","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To develop and evaluate an automated method for enhancing the quality of vascular conjunctival images through optimized contrast and reduced noise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Conjunctival images were acquired using a functional slit lamp biomicroscope. The visibility of the vascular structures was enhanced using contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE). The multi-objective cuckoo search (MOCS) optimization algorithm was implemented to tune CLAHE hyperparameters with two objective functions that maximize image contrast and minimize noise amplification. All the images were enhanced using CLAHE with optimized parameters (MOCS-CLAHE) and with predetermined parameters (CLAHE). The performance of both approaches was evaluated through qualitative assessment and quantitative image quality metrics, including peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index (SSIM), and natural image quality evaluator (NIQE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both approaches significantly increased the contrast of the original conjunctival images. Despite CLAHE generating images with higher vessel contrast than MOCS-CLAHE, it increases image noise significantly. The overall vessel visibility and quality of enhanced images was significantly better with MOCS-CLAHE, consistently giving higher PSNR and SSIM, and lower NIQE compared to CLAHE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MOCS optimization is an efficient method to estimate CLAHE parameters when preprocessing conjunctival images acquired with a slit lamp. It provides high quality images of the conjunctival vasculature emphasizing vessels structure by increasing contrast and keeping noise amplification to a minimum.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>This automated enhancement technique may improve subsequent image segmentation and classification tasks in conjunctival imaging by optimizing contrast and noise reduction for each individual image, thus contributing to more reliable and efficient diagnostic procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"14 9","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12489868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Peripheral Reading With Noninvasive Transcranial Electrical Stimulation of Early Visual Areas.","authors":"Andrew E Silva, Melanie A Mungalsingh, Louise Raudzus, Benjamin Thompson","doi":"10.1167/tvst.14.9.33","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.14.9.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Noninvasive transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) of the primary visual cortex can reduce crowding in peripheral vision. We investigated the effect of two tES protocols, visual cortex transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), on reading using peripheral vision, a task that is limited by visual crowding.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental design was used. Forty-one heathy adults with normal visual acuity completed one active and one sham tES session. During each session, English sentences were presented one word at a time 10 degrees below fixation. The proportion of words read correctly was assessed before, during, after and 30 minutes after real or sham tDCS (n = 21) or tRNS (n = 20).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The tRNS elicited a small but significant performance benefit (P = 0.035), whereas tDCS had no effect. Strong within-session learning effects were observed for all conditions (P = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results add to a growing body of evidence indicating that noninvasive stimulation of the visual cortex can enhance visual processing and may have applications in vision rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>Noninvasive brain stimulation may enhance how the brain processes visual input from a diseased eye, complementing standard eye-based treatments of retinal and macular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"14 9","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel TA-IVIZ Patch and BSS Tamponade for Macular Hole Repair: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Yadan Shen, Mengyu Li, Chunxiu Li, Miao Liu, Jie Li, Shuangle Li, Min Wang, Chuanzhen Zheng, Jie Zhong","doi":"10.1167/tvst.14.9.35","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.14.9.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluates the efficacy of minimal vitrectomy for full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) repair using a triamcinolone acetonide (TA)-IVIZ patch and balanced salt solution (BSS) tamponade.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An in vitro experiment was conducted to compare the adhesiveness and stability of the TA-IVIZ patch and the TA-DisCoVisc patch. Although the clinical arm of the study was a prospective study, an interventional cohort study was then performed on 24 eyes from 23 consecutive patients with FTMH. All eyes underwent minimal vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, an inverted ILM flap, TA-IVIZ patch application, and BSS tamponade, without postoperative prone positioning. Outcomes, including anatomical closure rate, best-corrected visual acuity, and intraoperative and postoperative complications, were compared with a retrospective cohort of 25 eyes from 24 patients who underwent conventional surgery involving ILM peeling and grafting, gas tamponade, and postoperative prone positioning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The in vitro experiment demonstrated that TA-IVIZ exhibited stronger adhesion than the TA-DisCoVisc. The anatomical closure rate was comparable between groups (87.5% for TA-IVIZ vs. 92% for gas tamponade; P = 0.888), as were final best-corrected visual acuity improvements (P = 0.954) and mean postoperative intraocular pressure (P = 0.623). Notably, the TA-IVIZ group did not require postoperative prone positioning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Minimal vitrectomy with ILM peeling, an inverted ILM flap, TA-IVIZ patch, and BSS tamponade achieves high closure rates, reduces the requirement for postoperative prone positioning, and facilitates faster visual recovery, presenting a promising alternative to conventional gas tamponade techniques.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>We combined TA and IVIZ to provide an effective alternative to conventional techniques for the treatment of FTMH.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"14 9","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choroidal Venous Architecture and Polypoidal Lesion Distribution in Subtypes of Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Using Widefield Imaging.","authors":"Yining Zhang, Miaoling Li, Guiqin He, Yuhong Gan, Xuenan Zhuang, Xuelin Chen, Jiaxin Pu, Yongyue Su, Xinlei Hao, Feng Wen","doi":"10.1167/tvst.14.9.7","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.14.9.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the spatial relationship between choroidal vortex veins (VVs), choroidal watershed zones (CWZs), and polypoidal lesion distribution in different subtypes of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) categorized by choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (CVH) status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed 58 treatment-naïve PCV eyes using widefield imaging to map dominant VVs, CWZs, and lesion locations. Eyes were stratified into CVH (n = 32) and non-CVH (n = 26) groups. Comparative analyses were performed to evaluate the differences between PCV eyes and their unaffected fellow eyes, as well as between CVH and non-CVH eyes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PCV eyes demonstrated significantly increased numbers of dominant VVs (P = 0.001) and temporal VV predominance (P = 0.039) compared to fellow eyes. Lesion distribution patterns differed significantly between CVH and non-CVH groups (P = 0.04). Although 71.8% of lesions (112/156) localized to dominant VV quadrants in both groups, CVH eyes showed greater CWZ involvement (23.9% vs. 10.3% in non-CVH; P = 0.029).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings indicate that choroidal venous architecture and CVH-driven pathological changes may contribute synergistically to PCV pathogenesis, highlighting the interplay between anatomical vulnerability and pathological processes in PCV development.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>This study links choroidal VV distribution to PCV lesion localization, enabling risk-stratified imaging protocols. The CVH-specific CWZ involvement further guides personalized monitoring and hemodynamic-targeted adjuvant therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"14 9","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12416516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Early Ophthalmology Clinical Trials: Home OCT and Modeling Can Reduce Sample Size by 20% to 40.","authors":"Jacques Hermes, Bernhard Steiert","doi":"10.1167/tvst.14.9.2","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.14.9.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Early-stage clinical trials for major retinal diseases face challenges due to substantial interpatient variability, end points with high intrapatient variability, and prolonged follow-up periods required to detect treatment effects. This study explores whether integrating home optical coherence tomography (OCT) monitoring with pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling can reduce clinical trial sample size.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population PK/PD model was developed using longitudinal central subfield thickness data from a home OCT study. Monte Carlo simulations and bootstrapping were used to evaluate the impact of different monitoring strategies on sample size requirements to detect a simulated effect size of approximately 50-µm central subfield thickness reduction over an active comparator drug.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>To reliably detect this effect, traditional biweekly in-clinic monitoring required 41 to 54 patients per arm, whereas home OCT monitoring only required 33 to 35 patients per arm, representing a 20% to 40% sample size reduction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the potential for home OCT and PK/PD modeling to improve trial efficiency and patient convenience while maintaining statistical power.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>By reducing sample size requirements while maintaining statistical power, this approach can streamline clinical trials, expediting the development of new retinal therapies and improving patient access to treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"14 9","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}