Tropical Journal of Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The Determinants of Childhood Diarrhoea in Zimbabwe: Further Analysis of the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey","authors":"S. Moyo, P. Manangazira, L. Gamba","doi":"10.4314/TJHC.V25I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/TJHC.V25I3","url":null,"abstract":"Diarrhoea is a preventable disease. The preventative measures of diarrhoea could be traced back to demographic, socio-economic, environmental and behavioural aspects of the family. Paradoxically, diarrhoea has become one of the major underlying factors to childhood morbidity and mortality globally, and specifically in developing countries. In Zimbabwe, despite the reported prevalence of diarrhoea, there is a lacuna of scholarly inquisition of the background and proximate predictors of childhood diarrhoea, a gap to be filled by this study. The study utilized secondary data from the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey. The target population of the study was an adjusted national sample size of 3545 under five children whose mother/women caregivers however responded on their behalf. Data was analysed used the univariate, bivariate and multivariate methods. The study established a significant association between diarrhoea and mother’s age (OR = 0.34 [99.9% CI: 0.205 – 0.561]), child’s age (OR = 5.4 [99.9% CI: 3.19-8.96]) , region Mashonaland East (OR = 0.64 [95% CI: 0.417 – 0.0.976]): Mashonaland West (OR = 1.5 [90% CI: 0.97 – 2.32]) and a shared toilet facility (OR = 1.47 [99.9% CI: 1.153 –1.871]). The study recommends the identification of diarrhoea as a significant contributor to childhood morbidity and mortality by the government, relevant stakeholders and implementation partners. Such recognition would lead to the designing and implementation of disease control strategies that reduce unhygienic practices in risk groups and provinces, educate communities on the benefits of diarrhoea awareness and girl child empowerment so as to reduce the mean age at first sex and marriage. Failure to do so, would mean that the healthcare strategies adopted in Zimbabwe since 1980 aimed at improving health and child health in particular, will remain a pipe-dream.Key words: childhood diarrhoea, mortality, morbidity, predictors, 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey,","PeriodicalId":23292,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75111417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of age and gender on lipid profile in healthy rural population of Edo State, Nigeria","authors":"J. Idemudia, H. F. Idogun","doi":"10.4314/TJHC.V24I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/TJHC.V24I3","url":null,"abstract":"There are contradicting information on the influence of age and gender on blood lipid profile, some researchers believe the levels of total cholesterol and other components of lipid profile increase with age, others have proved significant negative correlation between total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and age. In this cross sectional study we looked at the effect of age and gender on lipid profile in a rural population. A total of one hundred and fifteen (115) healthy subjects between the ages of 21 and 80 years were recruited for this study.  Forty-four of the subjects were male and seventy-one females.  Serum lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol) were estimated using standard laboratory techniques.  The mean value of triglyceride was significantly higher in males than females (p-value 0.02) but the mean values of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, though higher in the male subjects than the females, the differences were not statistically significant (p-value 0.60 and 0.59).  The mean value of high density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher in the female than male subjects, although the difference was not statistically significant (p-value 0.25).  The highest percentage of subjects with dyslipidaemia was seen in the age group between 61-70 years in all the parameters assessed.  There was positive correlation between Age, total cholesterol, (0.273, p-value 0.003) triglycerides (0.29, p-value 0.002), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.107, p-value 0.25) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.07, p-value 0.48).  Lipid profile is affected by age and sex, dyslipidaemia is commonest in 61-70 years age group and post menopausal women.Keywords: Dyslipidaemia, Coronary heart disease, gender, postmenopausal","PeriodicalId":23292,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74020111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical presentation of patients and distribution of colonic diverticula during colonoscopy at a Tertiary Hospital in south-west Nigeria","authors":"A. Akere, G. S. Ogoh, E. Tejan","doi":"10.4314/TJHC.V24I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/TJHC.V24I1","url":null,"abstract":"Colonic diverticula disease is an acquired disease which affects adults and is frequently referred to as a western world disease. In Nigeria, studies on colonic diverticulosis are sparse and few of them are case reports. The aim was to describe the clinical presentation and distribution of colonic diverticulosis in patients who presented for colonoscopy.This study was carried out at the endoscopy unit of the University College Hospital, Ibadan. All consecutive patients who were referred for colonoscopy and who were found to have colonic diverticula during the procedure were recruited into the study. The presence of one or more saccular outpouchings of the colon was described as colonic diverticulosis. The location and distribution of the diverticula within the colon were also described.The results of 63 patients were analysed, comprising 40 (63.5%) males and 23 (36.5%) females, giving a male to female ratio of 1.7:1. The mean age of the patients was 63.5±11.4 years with a range of 31-91 years. Haematochezia was the most common symptom, followed by abdominal pain. The most frequent locations were the ascending and sigmoid colon in 35 (55.6%) and 33 (52.4%) patients respectively.In conclusion, the most common symptom of colonic diverticulosis was haematochezia and the most common site was the ascending colon in our practice.Keywords: Colonic Diverticula, Rectal diverticula, Haematochezia, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":23292,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75767788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstetric Performance of Mothers with Fetal Macrosomia in Bida, North Central Nigeria.","authors":"A. Gobir, M. Sambo, S. Bashir, A. Olorukoba, O. Ezeh, M. Bello, B. Usman, A. Salaudeen, S. Joseph, J. Bashar, N. Omole","doi":"10.4314/TJHC.V24I4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/TJHC.V24I4","url":null,"abstract":"Fetal macrosomia remains an important determinant of perinatal outcome and a contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality due to its possible attendant complications. The aim of the study was to determine the maternal characteristics, as well as neonatal and maternal outcome following delivery of macrosomic babies. A descriptive study of deliveries that resulted in the delivery of macrosomic babies at the Federal Medical Centre, Bida, Nigeria was conducted over a five year period. The list of eligible parturient was compiled from the delivery registers, the case files were retrieved and relevant information extracted. Statistical analysis was with SPSS version 20.0 and p<0.05 was significant. Out of 8141 deliveries, macrosomia occurred in 500 (6.1%); among the 480 cases analyzed, 345(71.9%) mothers of macrosomic babies were <35 years of age, the mean maternal weight at term was 89.42kg±2.50 while 297(61.9%) mothers had previous delivery of macrosomic babies. Also, 337(70.2%) women had vaginal delivery while maternal risk factors for fetal macrosomia were not statistically significant relative to the mode of delivery (p0.857). Maternal complications included perineal lacerations [90(18.8%)] and primary postpartum haemorrhage [82(17.1%)]. Maternal booking status (p0.001), male fetal gender (p0.001) and birth weight less than 4500g (p0.002) were significant predictors of vaginal delivery while maternal complications were significantly higher following vaginal delivery (p0.001). Low APGAR scores were higher following vaginal deliveries (p0.732); the perinatal mortality rate was 31/1,000 live birth (15/480) but there was no maternal death. This study revealed a high incidence of fetal macrosomia and vaginal delivery was associated with a high maternal and perinatal morbidity. Key words: Obstetric Performance; Pregnancy outcome; Fetal macrosomia; Mode of Delivery.","PeriodicalId":23292,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79971264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atherogenic index and relationship with age, gender, and anthropometric measurements among hypertensive patients attending Niger Delta Teaching Hospital","authors":"T. E. Ambakederemo, B. E. Imananagha-Amene, I. Ebuenyi","doi":"10.4314/tjhc.v23i2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjhc.v23i2","url":null,"abstract":"We explored the relationship between age, gender and anthropometric measurements and atherogenic index in hypertensive patients. A cross sectional study was done involving 109 adult hypertensive patients attending the cardiology clinic of Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital. Subjects were recruited consecutively over a three month period. Demographic, clinical data and anthropometric measurements were documented. Fasting lipid profiles were recorded in all cases and this included total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high?density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and triglycerides (TG). Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated as log (TG/HDL-C). The mean body mass index (BMI), AIP and presenting blood pressure (BP) of study participants were all above the normal limits. Subjects in their middle ages tended to have higher BMI, waist to height ratio (WHtR), and waist circumference (WC) but there was no significant difference in AIP across age groups. Females however, were observed to have higher AIP, TC, BMI, WC, WHtR and lower HDL compared to men. Finding that mean BMI and AIP were high in these hypertensive patients is worrisome given their additional cardiovascular disease burden. Routine anthropometric indices may not be reliable surrogates for atherogenicity measured by abnormalities in TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C and AIP. Keywords: Atherogenic index, hypertension, anthropometric measurements","PeriodicalId":23292,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89921398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy Outcomes Following Assisted Reproduction Technologies For Infertile Women At A Public Health Institution In Nigeria","authors":"L. Omokanye, K. Durowade, S. Biliaminu, A. Salaudeen, A. Panti","doi":"10.4314/tjhc.v22i2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjhc.v22i2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23292,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82856516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaesthetic Challenges In Gunshot Injury To The Neck","authors":"MB Adegboye, KA Adegbayo","doi":"10.4314/TJHC.V22I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/TJHC.V22I1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23292,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76764410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adequate Filling of Radiology Request Forms: An Audit Assessing Local Practice at The University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin","authors":"Mo Atobatele, O. Oyinloye, Bb Olafimihan","doi":"10.4314/TJHC.V21I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/TJHC.V21I1","url":null,"abstract":"Click on the link to view the abstract. The Tropical Journal of Health Sciences Vol 21 No 1 (January, 2014)","PeriodicalId":23292,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77492663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antenatal blood donation: Pregnant mothers' attitude, fears and preferences","authors":"S. Isiaka-Lawal, H. Ameen, B. Okesina, S. Ro, M. A. Sanni, M. Uthman, O. A. Bolarinwa","doi":"10.4314/TJHC.V21I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/TJHC.V21I2","url":null,"abstract":"Up to 150,000 pregnancy-related deaths could be avoided each year through access to safe blood. Antenatal blood donation, which will increase access to safe blood, is one of the ways to reduce maternal mortality in this environment. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, fears and preferences of pregnant mothers regarding antenatal blood donation. The study was carried out in Kwara State Specialist Hospital (KSSH) Sobi. All (400) consenting pregnant women accessing ANC services at the HF were recruited. Data was collected using pretested semistructured interviewer administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 17.0. A P- value < 0.05 was considered significant at 95% confidence level. The age range of the respondents is between 16 to 42 years, with a mean age of 27.81± 5.21. More than half (58.5%) of the respondents had the knowledge that blood transfusion may be required for pregnant women. Over 80% of the respondents think that the donor of blood for pregnant woman could be the spouse, the siblings, parents, in-laws or paid donor However, majority (62.5%) would prefer blood transfusion from a family member. Risk of contracting infection was most feared among the respondents (52.5%). There is good awareness among the study population on the possible need for blood transfusion during pregnancy and childbirth but great misconception and concerns over receiving blood transfusion still persists. There is need for continuing public education to clear misconceptions and baseless concerns over receiving blood transfusion. Key words: pregnant mothers, attitude, antenatal blood donation, Ilorin","PeriodicalId":23292,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77593406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Metformin on Serum Levels of FSH, LH, Oestrogen and Progesterone in Diabetic Rats","authors":"L. Ojulari, S. Biliaminu, T. Ahmed, F. Abdulazeez, O. Oyekunle, F. Niyi-Odumosu, O. Adegoke","doi":"10.4314/TJHC.V20I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/TJHC.V20I1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Tobacco is a preventable risk factor to many Tobacco smoking is a known risk factor of clinical conditions. The effects of cigarette smoke was many clinical conditions in the body. It has been studied on the superior colliculus of male Wistar rats. associated with diseases of the lungs, heart, brain, liver, 1, 2 Twenty (20) adult rats were grouped into a control and a and other organs . Tobacco has thousands of treatment group. While the control group was exposed components, many of which are volatilised during to cotton wool smoke, the treatment group was allowed burning, while others, such as the aromatic to inhale smoke from completely burnt cigarette, a stick hydrocarbons, are formed during combustion of the 3 per rat, for a period of 21 days. At the end of days 7, 14 leaf components . and 21, animals from the two groups were sacrificed by By virtue of its short-term actions on the cervical dislocation and the superior colliculus excised, cholinergic system, nicotine has positive effects on 3 fixed in formol calcium, and some of the tissues certain cognitive domains . Nicotine is responsible for (superior colliculi) were homogenised for enzyme the acute effects of tobacco, while tar is responsible for 4 studies. Blood samples were also collected its chronic effects . The components of a cigarette stick intracardially for enzyme studies. Tissue sections were differ depending on the manufacturer, and a completely prepared for histological studies using H&E stains, and burned cigarette stick usually contains between 1-6 mg 5 a quantitative study was done on the activity of lactate of nicotine . The carbon monoxide produced during dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme. burning of cigarette also has additional adverse effects, 5 While serum LDH decreased in the treatment as a component of the smoke . Vascular injury resulting group, the tissue LDH increased, compared with the from ischaemic process leads to reduction in the supply control group that received the cotton wool smoke. The of oxygen and nutrients to the brain, thereby causing histological sections of the treatment group exposed to various forms of degenerative changes in the tissue. 6 cigarette smoke showed reduced number of neurons, The superior colliculus (SC) is a visual relay centre , reduced density of neuronal bodies, many cytoplasmic transforming both visual and non-visual sensory vacuolations, and distorted cytoarchitecture, compared signals into motor commands that control orienting 7 with the control animals exposed to cotton wool smoke, behaviours . which showed few vacuolated spaces only on day 21. Furthermore, tobacco smoke is an exogenous These histological changes were most likely due to the source of reactive oxygen species, with a broad oxidative stress and ischaemia resulting from the spectrum of oxidant-ionising radiation which generates cigarette smoke and the increased LDH enzyme 8 free radicals in exposed tissues . Due to a low oxygen activities in the superior ","PeriodicalId":23292,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81886877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}