{"title":"Identical code-data cyclic shift transmission for time-dispersive channel","authors":"S. Vasudevan, S. Lenty Stuwart","doi":"10.1002/ett.5014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.5014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multiple access techniques working on time-dispersive channels must employ spreading codes with good correlation properties to minimize multipath interference and multiple access interference. Popular spreading codes, such as the Walsh-Hadamard code (orthogonal) and maximal length sequence (<i>m</i>-sequence) (semi-orthogonal), suffer from intersymbol interference (ISI). ISI increases owing to the poor autocorrelation properties of the spreading codes, resulting in a deteriorated bit-error-rate (BER) performance. Recently, a cyclic interleaving transmission has been proposed to enhance multipath diversity in the presence of ISI. In this study, an identical code-data cyclic shift (ICDCS) transmission scheme is introduced to achieve improved multipath diversity in time-dispersive channels. The proposed ICDCS transmission is designed based on cyclically shifting identical codes and data. The code and data involved in the first set of spreading are cyclically shifted for the next set of spreading, and the two sets are blended to perform cyclic interleaving. The data are despread from each multipath component at the receiver using different codes derived from a single <i>m</i>-sequence through identical code cyclic shifting (ICCS). Consequently, multipath diversity increases, resulting in a significant reduction in the BER. ICDCS transmission effectively utilizes all multipath components and the codes derived from the ICCS to mitigate ISI. The simulation results confirm that the proposed ICDCS transmission significantly enhances the multipath diversity compared to the conventional cyclic interleaving transmission scheme.</p>","PeriodicalId":23282,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141435695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cognitive blockchain and its application to optimize performance in blockchain systems","authors":"Reyhaneh Ameri, Mohammad Reza Meybodi","doi":"10.1002/ett.5009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.5009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A distributed ledger called a blockchain is used for logging authenticated cryptographic transactions. The global ledger is updated with transactions using consensus techniques. Consensus algorithms are developed for networks with untrusted nodes to achieve reliability. Academics are paying attention to this technology because it has essential features like decentralization, stability, anonymity, and transparency. Even though the blockchain has some unique features, it has to deal with many challenges and restrictions, such as scalability, security, hidden centrality, and high cost. Artificial intelligence and blockchain are technologies that have been much discussed in the last decade and are developing rapidly. Combining the two to meet the existing challenges can have fascinating results. In this paper, we introduce the novel idea of cognitive blockchain by incorporating intelligent thought into the blockchain. With cognitive capabilities, blockchain technology can perceive the state of the network, analyze the data it has collected, make good decisions, and take appropriate action to improve network performance. We provide an operational framework for cognitive blockchain, which primarily refers to the connections between fundamental cognitive processes, including the perception-action cycle, data analytics, knowledge discovery, intelligent decision-making, and service provision. Then, using learning automata, we provide methods for creating cognitive engines for performance optimization by intelligently adjusting the block size, time interval, and validators in blockchain systems with BFT-based consensus algorithms. Several experiments have been conducted to assess the suggested approaches' effectiveness. The findings demonstrate that the proposed performance optimization approach improves blockchain performance criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":23282,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141435694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geetanjali Rathee, Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache, Carlos T. Calafate, Houbing Song
{"title":"A trusted mechanism against device reputation attacks in Web-of-Things applications","authors":"Geetanjali Rathee, Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache, Carlos T. Calafate, Houbing Song","doi":"10.1002/ett.5011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.5011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Web-of-Things (WoT) seeks to simplify IoT management by providing an interface for controlling and monitoring the devices. To this end, it can provide several web-based applications focused on home automation, smart cities, smart agriculture and so forth. In particular, preventing device reputation attacks, which is one of the most significant threats to the WoT, is critical when considering the huge amount of information that is generated, processed and analyzed by the network. There may be situations where intruders deploy fake devices to introduce false information, downgrading the information from valid devices for their own benefits. Different authors have proposed various security methods and algorithms using machine learning, cryptographic or semantics-based methods. However, the existing mechanisms have various limitations in terms of accuracy, storage overhead, and computational/communication overheads, that still need to be addressed. The trusted mechanism can be considered as another way of ensuring security while transmitting the information through the Internet by identifying their legitimacy. Hence, the aim of this article is to propose a secure and trusted WoT framework using similarity index and community of interest similarity score schemes. The proposed mechanism is evaluated against existing schemes that consider both cryptographic and semantic parameters to ensure the security in the network by using metrics such as recommendations, decay time factor, and packet loss recovery rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":23282,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141326638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An optimal attention PLSTM-based classification model to enhance the performance of IoMT attack detection in healthcare application","authors":"Kavitha Dhanushkodi, Jeyalakshmi Shunmugiah, Santhana Marichamy Velladurai, Saranya Rajendran","doi":"10.1002/ett.5008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.5008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has revolutionized the healthcare industry by allowing remote monitoring of patients suffering from chronic diseases. However, security concerns arise due to the potential life-threatening damage that can be caused by attacks on IoMT devices. To enhance the security of IoMT devices, researchers propose the use of novel artificial intelligence-based intrusion detection techniques. This article presents a hybrid alex net model and an orthogonal opposition-based learning Yin-Yang-pair optimization (OOYO) optimized attention-based Peephole long short term memory (PLSTM) model to distinguish between malicious and normal network traffic in the IoMT environment. To improve the scalability of the model in handling the random and dynamic behavior of malicious attacks, the hyper parameters of the PLSTM framework are optimized using the OOYO algorithm. The proposed model is evaluated on different IoT benchmark datasets such as N-BaIoT and IoT healthcare security. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model provides a classification accuracy of 99% and 98% on the healthcare security and N-BaIoT datasets, respectively. Moreover, the proposed model exhibits high generalization ability for multi-class classifications and is effective in reducing the false discovery rate. Overall, the proposed model achieves high accuracy, scalability, and generalization ability in identifying malicious traffic, which can help improve the security solution of IoMT devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":23282,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141304188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghani Ur Rehman, Muhammad Inam Ul Haq, Afzal Badshah, Muhammad Zubair, Amil Daraz, Salman A. AlQahtani, Atif M. Alamri
{"title":"Reliable community card system for detecting and isolating selfish vehicles in smart and connected communities-based VDTN's","authors":"Ghani Ur Rehman, Muhammad Inam Ul Haq, Afzal Badshah, Muhammad Zubair, Amil Daraz, Salman A. AlQahtani, Atif M. Alamri","doi":"10.1002/ett.5006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.5006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Smart and connected communities (SCC) is a new area of the Internet of Things with the potential to improve people's lives. The goal of developing SCC for a community is to encourage people to focus on the present, consider the future, and reflect on the past. In SCC, nodes (vehicles) can use their mobility to collect data from interconnected devices and send it to a variety of delay-tolerant applications. Vehicular delay tolerant networks are an ideal fit for such services. However, the problem is that the devices and nodes (vehicles), having limited resources, may become unwilling to cooperate due to their selfish behavior. This article presents a reliable community card system (RCCS) with two main parts: a reliable community and community-based card tracking system (CBCTS). The reliable community contains all trustworthy vehicles with a certain level of community reputation determined by their honesty level. In CBCTS, every vehicle needs a community card to participate in the network and the neighboring vehicles act as monitoring vehicle. The evaluation results show that the proposed RCCS is quite effective, with detection time and packet delivery. Similarly, it causes minimal overhead and energy consumption compared to all other existing techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":23282,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141298349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Achievable secrecy rate analysis of OFDM-based multi-user untrusted relay networks with imperfect CSI","authors":"Volkan Özduran, Nikolaos Nomikos, Imran Shafique Ansari","doi":"10.1002/ett.5005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.5005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the impact of imperfect channel state information (CSI), caused by channel estimation errors and feedback delays, on the physical-layer security performance of multi-user relay networks. More specifically, a multi-user untrusted half/full-duplex (HD/FD) uni/bi-directional wireless amplify-and-forward (AF) relay network is studied, adopting orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). In order to minimize the information leakage, it is considered that a limited number of friendly jammers affect the untrusted relay. In this context, the achievable secrecy rate of the relay network is theoretically analyzed and optimization problems are formulated and solved for the untrusted relay's location and power allocation. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to validate the theoretical findings, revealing that channel estimation errors cause coding gain losses for low signal-to noise ratio (SNR) while their impact becomes negligible for high SNR. Also, a large number of user-pairs achieves higher secrecy rate while FD relaying further improves the secrecy performance. Finally, bi-directional relaying provides higher achievable secrecy rate over uni-directional relaying.</p>","PeriodicalId":23282,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141298350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AdaBoost-powered cloud of things framework for low-latency, energy-efficient chronic kidney disease prediction","authors":"Zeena N. Al-Kateeb, Dhuha Basheer Abdullah","doi":"10.1002/ett.5007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.5007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The United Nations' sustainable development agenda has set an ambitious goal of reducing premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 33% by 2030. Among these diseases, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant contributor to both morbidity and mortality. Integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing in healthcare has gained momentum, particularly in remote patient monitoring. However, it is essential to acknowledge that cloud computing has limitations, particularly in handling vast volumes of Big Data, mainly due to scalability and latency concerns. This article proposes a novel framework, AdaBoostCoTCKD, to mitigate latency issues, minimize response times, reduce power consumption, and optimize network resources for predicting CKD. The framework leverages the synergy between the AdaBoost machine learning technique and fog computing paradigms to enhance the precision and efficiency of CKD prediction methods. In addition, it introduces an auxiliary cloud-based database, enriching the pool of future insights and facilitating prospective database infrastructure expansions. This augmentation is expected to impact predictive accuracy positively. We conducted comprehensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. Our model achieved an impressive training accuracy of 99.928% and testing accuracy of 99.975%, while the fog environment reduced latency by 31% and energy consumption by 75% compared to traditional cloud-based solutions. Our proposed system enables early CKD detection and offers advantages over cloud-only solutions, providing a robust and efficient platform for healthcare IoT applications with significant clinical value. These promising results underscore the potential of combining fog computing and the AdaBoost machine learning technique to advance healthcare by addressing latency, response time, power consumption, and network resource optimization challenges in CKD prediction.</p>","PeriodicalId":23282,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141298351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdalla Hadabi, Zheng Qu, Rashad Elhabob, Sachin Kumar, Saru Kumari, Hu Xiong
{"title":"Efficient plaintext checkable identity-based signcryption in cyber-physical systems towards IIoT","authors":"Abdalla Hadabi, Zheng Qu, Rashad Elhabob, Sachin Kumar, Saru Kumari, Hu Xiong","doi":"10.1002/ett.4990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4990","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many different sectors are beginning to deploy cyber-physical systems (CPS) and industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices, including wearables, sensors, and critical infrastructure. In order to ensure that the device's data remains confidential, it must be encrypted prior to transmission. However, obtaining authenticity and integrity in IIoT data is also crucial, and signcryption has been proposed as a solution to this challenge. An additional obstacle is how to search for signcrypted cloud data using plaintext keywords. In this paper, we suggest a plaintext-checkable identity-based signcryption for CPS towards IIoT (IBSC-PCE), which enables plaintext searching of signcrypted cloud-based data. We provide both confidentiality and integrity and also demonstrate the security of our approach under the q-Diffie-Hellman inversion problem (q-DHIP). This problem has been shown to be secure in the random oracle model (ROM), which further reinforces the robustness of our approach. Compared to current state-of-the-art methods, our proposed approach outperforms them.</p>","PeriodicalId":23282,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141245861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A systematic literature review on past attack analysis on industrial control systems","authors":"Swati Goel","doi":"10.1002/ett.5004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.5004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Industrial control systems are used to automate the monitoring and control of physical processes in large-scale industries and critical infrastructure such as power plants, chemical treatment plants, manufacturing, and assembly line processes. Securing industrial control systems is important for the uninterrupted operation of these infrastructures, which are highly interconnected and becoming the prime target of attackers because disrupting these systems can have significant economic and safety implications and consequences such as power outages, environmental disasters, production shutdowns, or even physical harm. The past review works have discussed industrial control systems attacks, their impact, and exploited vulnerabilities separately and lack comprehension. In this work, an attempt has been made to understand the comprehensive picture of vulnerabilities, attacks, and their impact on industrial control systems. Past reviews published between 2014 and 2023 have been studied following a systematic literature review process, and a taxonomy and categorization of past attacks and defense mechanisms have been proposed and classified minutely for readers' interest. Vulnerabilities at the architecture, hardware, software, and communication network level have also been studied and presented. A deep understanding of past attacks, their impact, and identified potential causes is among the major contributions of this review. The results will enable researchers working in academics and industry to make effective decisions on safeguarding the industrial control systems against future attacks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23282,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141187647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Algorithms and throughput analysis of cognitive radio-based MIMO-NOMA for the next generation of wireless communications","authors":"Ahmed Abd Saeed, Mohamad A. Ahmed","doi":"10.1002/ett.4988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4988","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, multi-users (MU) communications are considered based on the cognitive ratio (CR) technique. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) are proposed to be merged with CR for the sake of improving the achievable throughput and satisfying user fairness. Moreover, utilizing MIMO-NOMA enables the CR users to be served in the coverage network without the need for spectral sensing. Three scenarios are assumed in this paper to investigate the performance of each CR secondary user (SU) in the presence of single or multiple primary users (PUs). Pairing algorithms are proposed and applied to obtain optimum throughputs and outage probabilities, in which the algorithms are employed to select a PU with an SU to be coupled in a pair, depending on allocating the required power for each user, taking into account that any PU has the priority to reach its required throughput. Moreover, mathematical expressions have been derived for each case to evaluate the required power allocation factor and the achievable throughput for each user. Furthermore, the proposed algorithms show successful and satisfactory achievable rates and outage probabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23282,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141085117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}