European Constitutional Law Association最新文献

{"title":"A Study on the Protection of Fundamental Right of Undocumented Immigrant Children: Focused on the European Countries","authors":"Na Roo Kim","doi":"10.21592/eucj.2022.39.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21592/eucj.2022.39.217","url":null,"abstract":"About 20,000 undocumented immigrant children live in Korea, but the fundamental rights for their lives are not guaranteed. In particular, they are suffering from problems such as birth registration, the infringement of the right to health and education. With regard to the birth registration of undocumented immigrant children, european countries stipulate that the birth of all children in that country can be registered regardless of their parents’ status and automatically issue birth certificates without further action. Since the universal birth registration system and issuance of related documents are the basic premise for respecting children's dignity as human beings, Korea also needs to introduce such procedures as soon as possible. Regarding the right to health of undocumented immigrant children, providing daily medical services other than emergency medical services is considered a social security area, but children's health is the most significant element for life maintenance and whole-person development, so medical access should be guaranteed regardless of the legality of residence status. We need to guarantee minimum medical access of undocumented children to maintain their health through providing emergency medical services, primary and secondary medical care services to the same extent as Korean children, or providing cost support. And in respect of guaranteeing undocumented immigrant children's right to education, we should strive to ensure that undocumented immigrant children receive education without discrimination in accordance with international society’s good practice of explicitly stipulating all children's right to education including undocumented immigrant children.","PeriodicalId":232789,"journal":{"name":"European Constitutional Law Association","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121632647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study on the National Loss Compensation Act: Focusing on the comparison between Germany and Korea","authors":"Younji Kim","doi":"10.21592/eucj.2022.39.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21592/eucj.2022.39.111","url":null,"abstract":"The loss compensation acts in Germany and Korea are similar in basic respects, but different parts are found in specific applications. Germany has applied the ‘expropriation-equal infringement(enteignungsgleicher Eingriff)’ to compensate for the void in legal principles for illegal and irresponsible infringement, and the ‘expropriable infringement(enteignender Eingriff)’ legal principles have been applied to property rights restrictions that appear as an atypical side effect of legitimate administrative action. Germany has elaborately developed the loss compensation act through the victim compensation claim(Aufopferungsanspruch), advanced since the 18th century in the philosophy of natural law, the right to claim the elimination of results, the right to claim damages based on the administrative legal claim-obligation relationships, the right to claim the compensation based on the management of administrative affairs, and the right to claim the reimbursement under public law, in addition. \u0000Unlike Germany, Korea does not recognize ‘expropriation-equal infringement’, ‘expropriable infringement’, and other claims, and unlike Article 14 (3) of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, which stipulates ‘expropriation’, Article 23 (3) of the Korean Constitution additionally stipulates the ‘use or restriction of property rights by public purpose. It could not be applied indiscriminately as the legal principles such as expropriation-equal infringements, expropriable infringements, and the victim compensation claim developed in Germany are not perfect theories, however. It is not necessary to accept these claims as the right to claim damages based on the administrative legal claim-obligation relationships and the right to claim the compensation based on the management of administrative affairs could be resolved through the application of civil law regulations, and the right to claim the reimbursement under public law could be settled by the principle of general unfair profits, in addition. \u0000The recent side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine are an opportunity to develop discussions on vaccination damage compensation as the compensation by the State. Germany has resolved the damage compensation for vaccination through the right to claim sacrifice compensation. Korea does not recognize the right to claim sacrifice compensation, but seeks to compensate for vaccination damage through Article 71 of the 「Act on the Prevention and Management of Infectious Diseases(abbreviation: Infectious Disease Prevention Act)」. Since the scope of vaccination damage compensation is narrow, the cause-and-effect relationship should be alleviated in the future, and it is required to prepare specific vaccination damage compensation standards and add compensation methods through pension receipt in the 「Infectious Disease Prevention Act」 and Enforcement Decree of the same Act.","PeriodicalId":232789,"journal":{"name":"European Constitutional Law Association","volume":"285 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116109629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on the Current Status of Railway Legislation in the European Union","authors":"Sunki Hong","doi":"10.21592/eucj.2022.39.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21592/eucj.2022.39.189","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union has implemented policies focusing on the principle of separation of infrastructure and operation and market opening(open access) for 30 years to revitalize railway transportation. The EU's rail policy is starting from the Council Directive 91/440/EEC of 29 July 1991 on the development of the Community's railways. In 1995, two guidelines (Council Directive 95/18/EC of 19 June 1995 on the licensing of railway undertakings and Council Directive 95/19/EC of 19 June 1995 on the allocation of railway infrastructure capacity and the charging of infrastructure fees) were issued, and in 2001 the so-called First Railway Package reiterated open access and competition in the international railway cargo market to further develop their guidelines. The second railway package in 2004 stipulated the harmonization of different certification and safety regulations, and the creation of the European union agency for railways to promote safety and mutual operation. In 2007, the third railway package has consistently promoted the development of the railway industry through competition, such as declaring the introduction of competition in international passenger services. The European Commission analyzed the performance and problems between 2011 and 2012, and announced the fourth railway package containing the results and supplementary measures. The Fourth Railway Package is a set of six legislation designed to complete a single market for railway services, with an important goal being to revitalize the railway sector and to increase competitiveness over other means of transport.","PeriodicalId":232789,"journal":{"name":"European Constitutional Law Association","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122019359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grounds and Standards for Deriving New Fundamental Rights under the U.S. Constitution","authors":"Jiyoung Kim","doi":"10.21592/eucj.2022.39.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21592/eucj.2022.39.249","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Supreme Court has developed the concept of so-called fundamental rights and the requirements for its establishment in the process of deriving new constitutional rights. Criticism of the methodology based on the 14th Amendment to the previous Federal Constitution and the context in which the 9th Amendment was raised as an alternative to it, the difference between the constitutional system of Korea and the United States in the list of fundamental rights, and the controversy over the provisions on the basis of the basic rights are minimized as much as possible. Considering that it is desirable to do so, Article 37 Paragraph 1 of the Constitution should be understood as a provision of the principle of interpretation, not a provision of the direct basis for deriving basic rights that are not enumerated. In judging whether a right is guaranteed under the Constitution, the human rights nature of the content of the right in question or the relationship with human dignity and value should be an important starting point. In terms of the form of rights, it is undesirable to require that the content be formed at the most specific level, but within a system that recognizes at least the same effect as the enumerated basic rights for unlisted basic rights, such violations of basic rights will be prevented in the future. Considering the result of making constitutional complaints possible for reasons as well as the normative effect of basic rights that directly bind all state power, the necessity of recognizing independent rights must be convincingly argued and the contents of those rights must be presented as specifically as possible.","PeriodicalId":232789,"journal":{"name":"European Constitutional Law Association","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131383897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Die Schuldenbremse und der Stabilitätsrat im deutschen Grundgesetz","authors":"Dong-kyu Kim","doi":"10.21592/eucj.2022.39.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21592/eucj.2022.39.153","url":null,"abstract":"Der Staat kann seine Ausgaben durch Steuereinnahmen, Nichtsteuereinnahmen und Kreditaufnahme decken. Anders als die Besteuerung belastet die Kreditaufnahme der zukünftigen Generation. Deshalb sollte die Kreditaufnahme unter den bestimmten Grundsätzen und Voraussetzungen zugelassen werden, mit welchen die Generationengerechtigkeit verwirklicht werden können. \u0000Aus diesem Grund ist die Schuldenbremse im Grundgesetz geregelt. Die Schuldenbremse für Bund wird jeweils durch Art. 115 GG und Bundesgesetz ausführlich geregelt. Und die Schuldenbremse, die für Länder gilt, ist dagegen durch Landesverfassung, Landeshauhaltsordnung oder Landesgesetz geregelt. \u0000Nach Art. 109 Abs. 3 S. 1 sind die Haushalte von Bund und Ländern grundsätzlich ohne Einnahmen aus Krediten auszugleichen. Der in Artikel 109 GG für Bund und Länder gemeinsam verankerte Grundsatz des ausgeglichenen Haushalts orientiert sich damit am Grundprinzip des Europäischen Stabilitäts- und Wachstumspakts und des Fiskalvertrags. Diesem Grundsatz ist im Fall des Bundes entsprochen, wenn die Einnahmen aus Krediten 0,35 vom Hundert im Verhältnis zum nominalen Bruttoinlandsprodukt nicht überschreiten. Dagegen ist bei Länder die Kreditaufnahme unzulässig. \u0000Ein wichtiger Punkt der Schuldenbremse ist, dass sie Flexibilität sichert, indem sie sowohl Grundsätze als auch Ausnahmen vorschreibt. Eine symmetrische Berücksichtigung der konjunkturellen Situation ist zuerst möglich. Das bedeutet, dass im Abschwung ein konjunkturbedingter Anstieg der Nettokreditaufnahme in einem gewissen Rahmen zulässig ist, während sich im Aufschwung die Spielräume für die Nettokreditaufnahme entsprechend verringern. Dazu regelt das Grundgesetz auch das Kontrollkonto. \u0000Außerdem kann im Falle von Naturkatastrophen oder außergewöhnlichen Notsituationen, die sich der Kontrolle des Staates entziehen und welche die staatliche Finanzlage erheblich beeinträchtigen, die Obergrenze für die strukturelle Nettokreditaufnahme von 0,35 % des BIP aufgrund eines Beschlusses der Mehrheit der Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages nach Art. 115 Abs. 2 S. 6 GG für das jeweilige Haushaltsjahr überschritten werden. Dieser Beschluss ist nach Art. 115 Abs. 2 S. 7 GG mit einem Tilgungsplan zu verbinden. \u0000Ferner obliegt dem Stabilitätsrat seit dem Jahr 2020 die an den Vorgaben und Verfahren der Europäischen Haushaltsüberwachung orientierte Überwachung der Einhaltung der Verschuldungsregeln von Bund und Ländern. Die Mechanismen der Schuldenbremse im deutschen Grundgesetz könnte ein Vorbild bei der Einführung der Fiskalregeln ins Korea vorzeigen.","PeriodicalId":232789,"journal":{"name":"European Constitutional Law Association","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114411746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyse sur le mécanisme de péréquation financière en France","authors":"Ji-Young Kim","doi":"10.21592/eucj.2022.39.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21592/eucj.2022.39.65","url":null,"abstract":"L’évolution des structures démographiques et l’inégal répartition de la population provoquent les inégalités de richesse entre les collectivités territoriales. Si les collectivés territoriales ne peuvent pas bénéficier suffisamment des ressources pour exercer leurs compétences, l’autonomie fiancière des collectivités territoriales est menacée. Il est par conséquent nécessaire d’adopter le mécanisme de péréquation financiére qui a pour objectif d’atténuer les disparités existant entre les collectivités territoriales, par une répartition plus juste des ressources entre elles et de réduction des inégalité. Le mécanisme de péréquation financiére n’est pas l’objectif définitif pour assurer l’autonomie fianciére, mais il est un moyen provisoire. \u0000L’objectif de péréquation fianciére au niveau locale est de favoriser une harmonisation de l’espace local, une redistribution des richesses, une réduction des inégalités. Le mécanisme de péréquation est, en France, distingué par la péréquation verticale et la péréquation horizontale. La péréquation verticale est assurée par les dotations de l’État aux collectivités. Le moyen essentiel de péréquation verticale est la dotation globale de fonctionnement(DGF). En revanche, la péréquation horizontale s’effectue entre les collectivités et consiste à attribuer aux collctivités défavorisées une partie des ressources des collectivités les plus riches. \u0000La révision constitutionnelle de 2003 a consacré une nouvlle étape de la décentralisation et posé le principe d’autonomie financiére des collectivités territoriales. Avant 2003, la dotation globale de fonctionnement(DGF) qui est contrô̂lé par le Comité des finances locales(CFL), est en France privilégiée. On peut constater actuellement que dans un contexte de dimininution de la DGF, les composantes péréquatices progressent. \u0000Depuis 2010, le changement de la péréquation horizontale est dynamique. Ces changements s'imposent en raison du nouveau paysage fiscal - nouveaux impôts locaux, nouvelle répartition de leur produit - mais ils s'expliquent aussi en raison du contexte budgétaire trés contraint de l'Etat. Si la péréquation verticale est toujours affirmée comme l'une des priorités gouvernementales, grâce à des redéploiements internes au sein de la DGF, la dimininution de la DGF explique un effet limité. En conséquence, les redéploiements entre les ressources locaux apparaissent bien actuellement comme une voie complémentaire plus propice au renforcement de la lutte contre les disparités financiéres locales.","PeriodicalId":232789,"journal":{"name":"European Constitutional Law Association","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133299995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Implication Research for the Korean Unification Laws by the Reconstruction Era after the American Civil War","authors":"sung-bae Kim","doi":"10.21592/eucj.2022.39.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21592/eucj.2022.39.1","url":null,"abstract":"The American Civil War in the middle of the 19th century and the reconstruction policy to heal its wounds occurred less than 100 years after the founding of the United States. It occurred at a time when the relationship between the state and the state as well as the President as commander-in-chief and Congress, which had the power to declare war and was responsible for supporting the federal army, was not clearly established. Therefore, based on the ambiguity of the constitutional level, mutual interests collided, resulting in confusion in reconstruction policies and political struggles after the Civil War. The implications of Korea's unification legislation through the US Civil War and reconstruction policies and their confusion are as follows. \u0000In the process of unification, it is necessary to check the mechanisms that can prevent corruption of the administration, which has discretionary power, and ensure transparency and appropriateness of projects that receive large-scale public funds. There is a need to organize and arrange examples of decisions that are outside the limits and limits allowed in the constitutional order, and there is a need to prepare and test a device for continuation of the people's unity and determination in the unification process. From the point of view of popular sovereignty, major decisions in the unification process must be submitted to a referendum to confirm the will of the people, but parliamentary democracy needs to be supplemented in that unification may come more suddenly than expected. \u0000It is difficult to expect the current referendum law to serve as a guideline for resolving political confusion or disagreement that may arise during the unification process. If it is difficult to amend the Constitution, it will be necessary to try to elaborate on the important policies stipulated in Article 72 of the Constitution in the Referendum Act or prepare a chapter related to unification to prepare for the unification process. By amending the Constitution and the Martial Law in a way that does not provoke North Korea, the division of emergency and security martial arts has been diversified into one form of protection or security or reconstruction martial law for special situations for support and protection in the process of unification. You may also consider reorganizing the chapter. The 「Act on the Protection and Support of North Korean Residents」 could be enacted, but it is also necessary to check whether the current law can be applied by analogy, and whether it can be used in an emergency by entrusting it with a presidential decree or by adding provisions to the current law. do. It may be possible to consider a bill focusing on the principles and standards of participation of private organizations, neutral and independent inspection by a third party on the implementation project, and evaluation and re-support of the support project. In addition to cooperation in dialogue and exchanges before unification, the distincti","PeriodicalId":232789,"journal":{"name":"European Constitutional Law Association","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131492310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Service and Administrative Law: A comparative research on french public service doctrine","authors":"H. Jeon","doi":"10.21592/eucj.2022.39.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21592/eucj.2022.39.43","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of “french public service”(le service public in french) is essential in order to explain the french public law. The concept of public service, known as “Kong-yuk-mu” in korea, has been justified by french administrative jurisprudence and doctrines to prove the existence of administrative law. But the formation of the EU, the modernization of public policy have influenced the french public service doctrine since late 1990’s. \u0000On this study, we reviewed the conceptual consideration of “Public service” and the recent discussion of the role and mission of the State in public service legislation. The French law and system understood the public service as a content of the mission for administration, as a function and role that is the premise of the civil service system represented by Léon Duigit in the early and mid 20th century. Now, we are foreseeing a great change in the establishment of relationships between social community and public services for administrative duties to the State because of COVID-19. \u0000With the attitude of “On-go-ji-sin”(New knowledge by reviewing), we are able to evaluate the value of french public service theory through a new understanding of public service as a sense of solidarity and fair access to public service and the role of public administration.","PeriodicalId":232789,"journal":{"name":"European Constitutional Law Association","volume":"324 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115568139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constitutional Amendment in the New Normal Era","authors":"Jae Hee Lee","doi":"10.21592/eucj.2022.39.323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21592/eucj.2022.39.323","url":null,"abstract":"Under the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of the state should be expanded. The state should not only guarantee the safety of individuals' lives from the risk of infection, but also help individuals to maintain their own lifestyle. Meanwhile, in order to prevent the spread of infection, the state has no choice but to restrict the freedom of assembly and association of individuals. \u0000If there is a limit to appropriately responding to new social phenomena triggered by COVID-19 through the application of the existing legal system, constitutional amendment needs to be considered as the next step. Looking back on the history of constitutional revision of the Republic of Korea in the past, the constitution has been amended for the purpose of legitimizing power in the context of political change. The constitutional amendment have not been tried for the purpose of adapting to social change. However, it is time to consider the constitutional amendment according to the needs of the people. And in the age of new normal of COVID-19, we need to consider the constitutional amendment to actively accommodate these social changes. \u0000However, it is true that it is practically difficult to amend the constitution through the constitutional amendment procedure stipulated in the current constitution. What made the constitutional amendment process difficult was to prevent the constitutional amendment from being misused by powered people. However, the democracy of the Republic of Korea has now stabilized to some extent, and society has changed significantly under the current constitution. Moreover, in the current crisis situation, constitutional amendment is requested. Therefore, it is necessary to revise the constitutional amendment procedure so that it is possible to amend the constitution if it is necessary to adapt to social change.","PeriodicalId":232789,"journal":{"name":"European Constitutional Law Association","volume":"262 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116236909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Contact Point and Difference between the Principle of Prohibition of Excessively Abundant Restriction and the Principle of Prohibition of Excessively Deficient Protection as Constitutional Principles","authors":"Z. Yi","doi":"10.21592/eucj.2022.39.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21592/eucj.2022.39.283","url":null,"abstract":"The proportionality principle is a constitutional principle that has a constitutional basis and effect. It is generally agreed that the principle of proportionality consists of four partial principles: the principle of justification for the end, the principle of suitability of means, the principle of minimal harm, and the principle of balance of legal interests. The principle of proportionality is embodied in the principle of prohibition of excessively abundant restriction and the principle of excessively deficient protection in accordance with legal interests guaranteed by constitutional rights. In the case of the defensive right that can demand negative actions from the state, the proportionality principle is embodied as the principle of prohibition of excessively abundant restriction, and in the case of the benefit right that can demand positive actions from the state, the proportionality principle is embodied as the principle of prohibition of excessively deficient protection. Since the principle of proportionality is specified in common between the principle of prohibition of excessively abundant restriction and the principle of prohibition of excessively deficient protection, the four partial principles of the principle of proportionality must be applied whether they are applied as the former principle or the latter. However, the specific contents of the application of the four partial principles included in the proportionality principle may vary because the protected legal interests and restrictions that are problematic in the principle of prohibition of excessively abundant restriction and the principle of prohibition of excessively deficient protection are different.","PeriodicalId":232789,"journal":{"name":"European Constitutional Law Association","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123361096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}