Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems最新文献

{"title":"PROXIMATE ANALYSIS AND MINERAL PROFILE OF TARO (Colocasia esculenta) IN EMBU, KENYA","authors":"A. Karuma, Joyce Wambui Njuguna, Patrick Gicheru, Fabian Kaburu","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.5379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5379","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Taro (Colocasia esculenta) is one of the underutilized crops in Kenya, grown under a wide range of environmental and edaphic conditions. This crop has exceptional dietary value and numerous culinary applications due to its edible leaves and corms. However, the mineral nutrient composition of taro in Kenya is still not well known due to a lack of scientific information concerning production. Objective. To determine the proximate composition and mineral profile of taro under different watering regimes and planting densities in Embu, Kenya. Methodology. A study was conducted at the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) – Embu Research Centre, during the long rains (LR) 2021, and short rains (SR) 2021/2022. A factorial experiment with a split-plot layout arranged in a completely randomized block design was adopted. The watering regimes (100 %, 60 %, and 30 % based on the field capacity (FC)) were the main factor while the sub-factor was the planting density, with three replications. The planting densities used were 0.5 m × 0.5 m (40,000 plants ha-1), 1 m × 0.5 m (20,000 plants ha-1), and 1 m × 1 m (10,000 plants ha-1), representative of high, medium, and low planting densities respectively. Proximate analysis and mineral content were determined. Results. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in seasons were noted for protein, fibre, potassium, calcium, sodium, and zinc in the taro corms. The high carbohydrate content observed in this study (35 – 39 %) indicates that taro tubers are a good source of nutritional energy. Potassium (> 5000 mg kg -1) and magnesium (> 1000 mg kg -1) were the most prevalent mineral elements in taro corms and leaves, with copper (< 25 mg kg -1) being the least prevalent. Implications. Consumption of nutrient-rich foods such as taro helps the body to utilize the necessary nutrients to combat malnutrition and promote food security in rural communities. Conclusion. Taro leaves can be recommended as leafy vegetables as they are good sources of potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, and zinc; and the corms have low fat and protein content, high calorific energy, and high carbohydrate content. Taro represents one of the main sources of energy in many parts of the tropics and its production can be recommended in sub-humid areas in Kenya.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140710409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF REPRESENTATIVE SMALL SCALE DAIRY PRODUCTION UNITS TO 2027","authors":"Vianey González-Hernández, N. Callejas-Juárez, Nathaniel Alec Rogers-Montoya, Carlos Galdino Martínez-García, J. A. Salinas-Martínez, F. Martínez-Castañeda","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.5174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5174","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Small-scale dairy systems are vital in rural communities and strategic for livelihoods an economic development. Objective: To estimate the economic and financial viability of small-scale dairy Representative Production Units (RPU) in the high plateau of the State of Mexico using a Monte Carlo simulation. Methodology: Net yields were estimated for a 5-year planning horizon via simulated values for the distribution of input and product processes, establishing 2022 as the base scenario. A stochastic modelling approach was used to determine the economic and financial outlook considering the cost of two sources of labor for the simulations: (1) Cost of family labor (FL); and (2) Cost of external hired labor (EL). Results: A panorama of economic viability was evidenced. However, a lack of financial wellbeing was also determined. When FL was factored in, net income was estimated in $17.99 thousand USD in 2023 and $26.35 thousand USD in 2027. On the other hand, considering EL resulted in a net income of $9.88 thousand USD in 2023 and $16.31 USD in 2027. The Net Present Value in 2027 was calculated at $-161.84 thousand USD and $-191.27 thousand USD, with FL and EL, respectively. While the RPUs were determined to be competitive, the level of risk was significant due to the high monetary value, limited degree of specialization of the RPUs, and the prevailing volatile scenario at the time. Implications: This study can enable decision-makers, on one hand, to analyze and design policies and differentiated strategies for small-scale dairy production systems. On the other hand, it can empower dairy farmers to assess scenarios of technical and productive intervention. Conclusions: The financial and economic weakening of the studied RPU could have negative implications in terms of public policy, labor, marketing, value chains, and the persistence of producers in such activity.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":"80 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DESCOMPOSICIÓN Y LIBERACIÓN DE NITRÓGENO DE LOS RESIDUOS DE CAÑA DE AZÚCAR (Saccharum officinarum L.) COMBINADOS CON EL FOLLAJE DE PLANTAS LOCALES","authors":"F. Casanova-Lugo, Armando Escobedo-Cabrera, B. Dzib-Castillo, Alberto Cabañas-Gallardo, P. J. Ramírez-Barajas, Elda Carolina Yam-Chalé, Luis A. Lara-Pérez","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.5228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5228","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Green post-harvest sugarcane residues (Saccharum officinarum) present low rates of decomposition and N release in the short term when integrated into the production system. Combining S. officinarum residues with the foliage of local plants rich in nitrogen could be an alternative to accelerate the decomposition process of residues with a positive impact on soil conservation. Objective: To evaluate and compare the decomposition patterns and potential release of N to the soil of the residues of S. officinarum variety MEX 69-290, with the addition of different foliage such as Clitoria ternatea, Leucaena leucocephala and Tithonia diversifolia, in southern Quintana Roo. Methodology: The treatments evaluated were the following: Clitoria + MEX 69-290, Leucaena + MEX 69-290, Tithonia + MEX 69-290, and MEX 69-290 (control). The materials were placed in decomposition bags and incubated on the ground in four periods (15, 30, 60 and 120 days), in a completely randomized design. The contents of dry matter, nitrogen and lignin were determined for the initial and remaining material in each period. Results: With the integration of local plants, a significant increase in the percentage of decomposition and release of N was obtained. After 120 days of evaluation, the decomposition values were 71.3, 50.4, 48.1 and 33.5%, for the Tithonia + MEX 69-290, Clitoria + MEX 69-290, Leucaena + MEX 69-290, and MEX 69-290 control, respectively. Likewise, the potential N release values were 98.2, 95.3, 92.9 and 58.7%, for Tithonia + MEX 69-290, Leucaena + MEX 69-290, Clitoria + MEX 69-290, and MEX 69-290 control. The Tithonia + MEX 69-290 treatment had the highest relative decomposition rate (0.009 g g-1 day-1) and a high potential N release rate (0.053 g g-1 day-1), compared to the other treatments. Implications: The integration of N-rich plants can increase the decomposition and release of N from sugarcane residues, with potential in plant assimilation from the first crop cycle, reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer and increase sugarcane yields. in the region. Conclusion: The combination of S. officinarum residues with foliage of local plants, particularly T. diversifolia, could be considered a viable strategy to accelerate the decomposition process and release of N in residues on the edaphoclimatic conditions of southern Quintana Roo.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":"5 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140710526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND HARVESTING STAGE ON BOTANICAL COMPOSITION, BIOMASS YIELD, AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF NATURAL PASTURE UNDER TRADITIONAL LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF ETHIOPIA","authors":"Lidetewold Tsega Dossegna, A. Nurfeta, A. Tolera, Fekede Feyissa","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.5290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><em><strong>Background: </strong></em>Natural pasture is an essential source of livestock feed worldwide, particularly in Ethiopia. Though pastureland coverage and management practices are changing over time, studies are limited in addressing the status under the dynamics of smallholder management conditions. <em><strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate natural pasture botanical composition, biomass yield, and nutritional value under different management and stages of harvesting in the central highlands of Ethiopia. <strong>Methodology:</strong> The pasture was harvested at three stages (pre-flowering, mid-flowering, and after full flowering) under different management (extensive, semi-intensive  where  urea was used as a fertilizer, and seasonal grazing). Quadrats of 0.25 m² were used for herbaceous species identification, biomass yield estimation and nutritive value analysis. Chemical composition of the samples were analyzed using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy</em>. <strong>Results:</strong> Thirty-one herbaceous species were identified (38.71% grasses, 19.35% legumes, 9.67% sedges, and 32.26% forbs), which belong to 11 families.<em> </em>The total biomass yield under semi-intensive management practice  at full maturity stage was greater than seasonally grazed and extensively managed pasture. The species richness, species evenness Shannon-Wiener diversity (H’ max) and maximum possible diversity (H’max) were similar (P>0.05) under all management practices. <em>Natural pasture </em>condition score was fair under seasonal grazing, while the score was excellent under extensive and semi-intensive management. Metabolizable energy (ME), and <em>in vitro</em> organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were higher (P<0.5) under extensive management compared to the semi-intensive management. The pasture harvested at the pre-flowering stage had higher (P<0.05) CP content, IVOMD, and ME, but low neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin values. <strong>Implications:</strong> The findings provide new insights into improving the biomass yield and quality of the pasture in semi-intensive pastureland management, and harvesting after the full flowering stage. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> <em>This study recommended</em> semi-intensive management and harvesting after the full flowering stage for higher pasture biomass yield, pasture condition, and nutritional value in the highlands of Ethiopia. Further study is required to investigate the combined effects of fertilizer (organic, inorganic) application and other management on biomass yield and quality of natural pasture in similar and other areas in the highlands of Ethiopia. </p><iframe class=\"ginger-extension-synonympopup\" style=\"left: 134.956px; top: 88.8px; z-index: 56; padding: 0px; visibility: hidden; height: 152px;\" src=\"chrome-extension://kdfieneakcjfaiglcfcgkidlkmlijjnh/ginger-popup/index.html\"></iframe>","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140710016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE RELIABILITY AND CONCORDANCE OF VISUAL WEIGHT ASSESSMENT IN WATER BUFFALO FEMALES","authors":"Jesús Ignacio Vázquez-Bolaina, R. Salazar-Cuytun, Alvar Alonso Cruz-Tamayo, R. C. Barrientos-Medina, J. C. Escobar-España, R. García-Herrera, Alfonso Juventino Chay-Canul","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.5194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5194","url":null,"abstract":"Background. For the development of reproductive, nutritional and health programmes, estimation of animal body weight (BW) is a fundamental tool in herd management. Objective. To evaluate of the reliability and concordance of visual weight assessment in water buffalo females. Methodology. Data on visually estimated body weight (VM) and actual body weight (BW) were recorded for 229 female water buffaloes. BW was recorded using a digital scale and visual estimation BW was taken as the average of three observations made by three observers. The measurements obtained by each of the different estimation methods were also compared with the observed weights by inspecting the paired Bland-Altman plots prior to logarithmic transformation. Results. Correlations between observed BW and mean predicted BW for visual methods showed a positive and significant relationship (P<0.001), with an r value of 0.95. According to the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), there was a high degree of reliability in the visual estimates of buffalo weight, due to the similarity in the mean and dispersion of each observer's estimates. Both the Bland-Altman plot and the ICC show that there is a high level of concordance between the buffalo weights obtained by the visual and real methods. Implications. The result of the present study showed that visual assessment highlights the ability of livestock handlers to have a very accurate estimation of BW in female water buffaloes. Conclusion. The results of this study show that visual assessment highlights the ability of livestock handlers to visually estimate BW in female water buffaloes with high reliability and concordance with the animal weighbridge method.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":"58 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140228783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFECTO DEL TAMAÑO DE CAMADA EN PRIMER PARTO Y SEGUNDO PARTO SOBRE LA PRODUCTIVIDAD ACUMULADA DE LAS CERDAS, EN UNA GRANJA COMERCIAL DE YUCATÁN, MÉXICO","authors":"J. Ek-Mex, J. C. Segura-Correa, G. A. Muñoz-Osorio","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.5182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5182","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Litter size reduction at second farrowing (RSP) affects cumulative productivity per productive life of sows. Objective.  To compare groups of sows according to their classification by number of piglets born alive (LNV) at first farrowing and reduction or increase of LNV at second farrowing on the number of farrowings at culling (NPD), cumulative LNV and weaned per productive life of sows in a commercial farm in the eastern zone of Yucatan, Mexico. Methodology. Data from 404 culled sows were used. Six groups of sows were established: low number of LNV at first farrowing with RSP (B-RSP), low with increased number of LNV at second farrowing (B-ISP), medium with RSP (M-RSP), medium with ISP (M-ISP), high with RSP (A-RSP) and high with ISP (A-ISP). The response variables were NPD, cumulative piglets born alive during the productive life of the sows (LNVP) and cumulative piglets weaned during the productive life of the sows (LDVP). Results. No difference was found between the different sow groups for NPD and LDVP (P>0.05). The lowest number of LNVP was obtained in sows of groups B-RSP and B-ISP (P<0.05). Conclusion. Under the conditions of this study, NPD and LDVP of sows during their stay on the farm were not affected by RSP or ISP. LNVP was not affected by reduction or increase of piglets at second farrowing in sows with small litters at first farrowing.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPOSICIÓN DE COMUNIDADES DE HONGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES EN AGROECOSISTEMAS DEL ÁREA DE PROTECCIÓN DE FLORA Y FAUNA CAÑÓN DEL USUMACINTA EN TABASCO, MÉXICO","authors":"Juan David Ricárdez Pérez, Gilberto Villanueva López, Ulises Rodríguez Robles, Hans van der Wal, Ivan Oros Ortega, Luis Alberto Lara Pérez","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.5126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5126","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The mutualistic interaction with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) is one of the main strategies used by plants to improve their absorption of nutrients and cope with adverse environmental conditions. They are ubiquitous microorganisms that help maintain soil health and crop nutrition, which is why they are considered an essential component in agroecosystems. However, its presence is affected by multiple biotic and abiotic factors such as tree cover and management intensity. Objective. Evaluate and compare the AMF communities and tree cover of the main agroecosystems present in the Usumacinta Canyon Flora and Fauna Protection Area (APFFCU) in the humid tropics of southeastern México. Methodology. The abundance of spores and the number of AMF morphospecies and the density and diversity of trees were counted in 25 plots of the agroecosystems Potrero (P), Milpa (M), Huerto Familiar (HF), Acahual (A) and Plantación Forestal (PF). An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to the set of data obtained from each variable to detect the presence of significant differences between each of the agroecosystems evaluated. Likewise, to observe the effect between the variables, the Pearson correlation analysis was carried out. Finally, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out to visualize the grouping of the study plots. Results. The ANOVA detected significant differences when comparing the variables of interest. The highest abundance of spores was found in P and PF, while A and PF presented the highest richness of AMF morphospecies. Acaulosporaceae and Glomeraceae were the most representative families and Acaulospora kentinensis was the only morphospecies that was observed in all the agroecosystems evaluated. The highest values of tree density and diversity were observed in A. The lowest tree density was present in P and the lowest tree diversity in PF. The PCA allowed us to group the plots with the highest tree density, spore abundance and morphospecies richness on average. Implications. The information derived from this study highlights the importance of the presence of trees in agricultural productivity and the design of long-term sustainable agroecosystems. Conclusion. It was concluded that the AMF communities of the agroecosystems evaluated in the APFFCU vary in spore abundance and morphospecies richness, which is correlated with the characteristics of their tree cover.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRODUCCIÓN Y ESTIMACIÓN DE LA EMISIÓN DE METANO DE VACAS ALIMENTADAS CON CEREALES DE GRANO PEQUEÑO EN EL ALTIPLANO CENTRAL DE MÉXICO","authors":"Jesús Israel Vega-García, Felipe López González, E. Morales-Almaráz, Carlos Manuel Arriaga-Jordán","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.5062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5062","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Given the demand for meat and milk, it is necessary to increase the productivity of ruminant animals, nevertheless livestock also contributes to climate change due to annual methane (CH4) emissions, having a detrimental effect on the atmosphere, due to its effect greenhouse and also represents a loss of dietary energy for ruminant animals. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the nutritional quality in vitro, as well as the production and estimation of methane of small grain cereals in small-scale milk production systems, through two experiments. Methodology: In experiment 1, twelve dairy cows were compared through continuous grazing (6 h/d) in a 3x3 Latin square design, replicated three times with three 14-d experimental periods and three small-grain cereals: rye (Secale cereale) (CEN), wheat (Triticum aestivum) (TRG) and triticale (Triticosecale Witt.) (TRT), in addition the cows were supplemented with 4.5 kg DM/cow/d of commercial concentrate. In experiment 2, six cows grazing continuously (8 h/d) on a kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus) pasture were used in a double reversible design with the inclusion of 10 kg DM of rye silage (ECE) or rye silage. triticale (ETR), in addition the cows were supplemented with 3.6 kg DM/cow/d of commercial concentrate; this experiment also had three 14-d experimental periods. Forage (for chemical composition) and milk samples were taken at the end of each experimental period. Results: In experiment 1, the nutritional composition presented a high quality (mean of 145 and 740 g/kg DM, for CP and IVDMD, respectively), on the other hand, for experiment 2 the quality was medium-low (mean of 76 and 653 g/kg DM, for CP and IVDMD, respectively) regarding the fermentation parameters obtained through the in vitro gas production technique, as well as the methane production of the forages and the estimation of enteric CH4 production. No significant differences (P>0.05) were detected between the evaluated treatments. Implications: The results of this work provide information on the role that small grain cereals can play in methane emissions, in these production systems according to their nutritional value. Conclusions: in Experiment 1, it is concluded that rye, wheat and triticale are viable options to obtain medium-quality forage suitable for grazing, presenting enteric methane emissions, as well as moderate emission intensity, similar to those produced by quality pasture grazing. Regarding Experiment 2, both rye silage and triticale silage are presented as options to be used in these milk production systems in winter, without greatly increasing enteric methane emissions.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":"49 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140077149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPLORING THE SOIL-ASSOCIATED BACTERIAL MICROBIOME OF COFFEE PLANTATIONS IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF COLOMBIA: A METABARCODING APPROACH","authors":"L. J. Gómez-Godínez, Víctor Ochoa, V. Faggioli, Marco Cristancho","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.5196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong><span lang=\"EN-US\">Introduction:</span></strong><span lang=\"EN-US\"> Coffee is one of the leading tropical crops produced worldwide. Colombia ranks third in coffee production in the world. Microorganisms associated with coffee plants can have many biotechnological applications, such as plant growth promotion and biological control. <strong>Objective:</strong> To describe the bacteria present in the soil associated with coffee cultivation. This was done using a bulk sequencing or 16S rRNA metabarcoding approach. <strong>Methodology:</strong> Soil samples were collected to analyze their microbiome from three different departments of Colombia (Cauca, Risaralda and Magdalena). The plants were of different ages, and the crop management was different (conventional and organic). Subsequently, an analysis was carried out using Qiime2 to describe the communities associated with coffee cultivation and soil chemical properties. <strong>Results:</strong> Some important genera were identified, such as <em>Janthinobacterium</em>, <em>Bacillus</em>, <em>Actinomadura</em> and <em>Actinoallomurus</em>. These genera can be used as plant growth promoters, organic matter transformers, producers of antibiotics and metabolites with potential biotechnological applications. <strong>Implications:</strong> The study presented in this manuscript describes the communities associated with the soil in coffee cultivation. However, a much more complex approach could be through metagenomics, where the bacterial communities and the functions of; however, this vision is up to ten times higher in cost. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Through the results obtained, it is concluded that the studies carried out through metabarcoding help to understand the composition of the microorganisms associated with coffee and, with this, try to elucidate the functions of the associated microorganisms.</span></p>","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":"57 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140258777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TÉCNICA DE ABOMASOTOMÍA PARA LA EXTRACCIÓN DE Haemonchus contortus EN CABRAS VIVAS","authors":"Perla Ivette Velazquez-Delgado, E. Gutierrez-Blanco, J. Torres-Acosta, Carlos Alfredo Sandoval-Castro, Rafael Arturo Torres-Fajardo, Antonio Ortega-Pacheco","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4985","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Goats are increasingly being used as surgical models in animal experiments. Some ruminant parasitological studies require collecting adult nematodes directly from the abomasum of donor animals. A methodology to collect those adult worms in vivo could avoid the unnecessary sacrifice of donor animals. Objective: To describe an abomasotomy technique to obtain adult Haemonchus contortus from live goats and evaluate the immediate post-surgical recovery time. Methodology: Nine worm-free adult goats were infected with 6000 H. contortus L3. The monospecific infection was confirmed on day 28 post-infection. The anesthetic procedure included fentanyl (10 μg * kg BW-1 load dose (LD) and 10 μg * kg BW-1 hour in constant-rate-infusion (CRI), lidocaine (2 mg * kg LD-1 and 50 μg * kg BW-1 minute CRI), ketamine (1.5 mg * kg-1 and 50 μg * kg BW-1 min CRI) and propofol (4 mg * kg LD-1 and 0.4 mg * kg BW-1 min CRI). The surgical protocol consisted of eight “surgical time-points”. Purposeful animal movement in response to surgical stimulation, or any changes in the autonomic response (> 20% from baseline values of HR and arterial blood pressure (SAP, MAP, and DAP)) were used as criteria to identify trans-surgical nociception. Post-surgical pain was evaluated once daily with the wound healing evaluation. Results: The surgical protocol lasted 1 h, allowing the recovery of adult H. contortus from live goats. The anesthetic protocol successfully controlled trans-surgical pain, with only two animals crossing the HR threshold (>20%) from T2 to T6. Post-surgical recovery (“time to extubation” and “time to standing”) was achieved before 1 h, while animals consumed water after only 4 h post-surgery. Goats did not require rescue analgesia, and suture withdrawal was achieved 7 days post-surgery without complications. Impications: The abomasotomy technique here described can be used for parasitological studies in small ruminants when the collection of nematodes is required from live animals. Conclusions:  The anesthetic and surgical protocol here described is a viable and rapid alternative for the collection of nematodes from the abomasum of live goats with minimal pain and rapid postsurgical recovery.   ","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}