Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems最新文献

{"title":"TIPOLOGÍA DE PRODUCTORES Y DIFERENCIACIÓN DE LOS AGROECOSISTEMAS CON PAPAYA (Carica papaya L.) EN OAXACA, MÉXICO","authors":"Pedro Cisneros-Saguilán, Irvin Gael Merino-Ávila, J. Valenzuela-Lagarda, Irma Antonio-Méndez, Lucina Carmen Ochoa-Jiménez, Urfila Victoria Peláez-Estrada","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4643","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Costa region is the main papaya (Carica papaya L.) producing area in the state of Oaxaca. However, there are no studies that document the potentialities, limitations, and development of the productive and commercial process of this crop with a comprehensive approach. Objective: To characterize papaya producers and their agroecosystems in the Costa region of the state of Oaxaca, Mexico; and determine a representative typology, based on their socioeconomic, productive, technological and commercial characteristics, using multivariate analysis techniques. Methodology: A questionnaire was applied through a probabilistic sampling to 89 papaya producers from seven municipalities in the Costa region of the state of Oaxaca, which included quantitative and qualitative variables, classified into indicators: i) social: ii) physical, iii) productive, iv) economic, v) management, vi) commercialization, vii) technological. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, review and selection of variables, factor analysis by the principal components method, identification of clusters, comparison and differentiation of defined groups, and discriminant analysis. Results: Through factorial analysis, two factors were selected that explained 72.89% of the original variability. The first factor was related to the variables economic income from the sale of papaya, profitability factor and papaya yield; while the second factor was explained by the experience of the producer. The cluster analysis allowed to identify three types of papaya producers (conventional, intermediate, and businesses), which represented 62%, 28% and 10% of the total sample. The variables with the greatest discriminating power between groups were economic income from the sale of papaya, papaya yield, and the profitability factor. Implications: The defined typology suggests the need to improve the design of public policies and promptly reorient them based on the heterogeneity among papaya producers in the study region. Conclusions: The papaya producers in the study sample are relatively young, have an intermediate level of schooling and seniority in the activity; those that make up Group 3 (businesses) stand out for having higher crop yields and better marketing channels. Papaya agroecosystems differ mainly by cultivated area, production yield, economic income and production costs.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42252221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LAS UNIDADES DE PRODUCCIÓN DE TARWI (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet)","authors":"A. Huaringa-Joaquin, Sady García-Bendezú, R. Pinedo-Taco, Félix Camarena-Mayta","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4722","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Tarwi is a legume native to the Andes of South America and is currently an important crop in subsistence agricultural systems because it contributes to the generation of economic income and food security for the rural population. Objetive. To characterize the tarwi production units (UPT) in the inter-Andean valleys of the department of Ancash, Peru. Methodology. The research was of a descriptive, comparative, correlational, non-experimental type, survey data from 169 UPT were used and the characterization was carried out using statistical techniques of multidimensional analysis. Implications. The UPT are small-scale, they are integrated into diversified production systems, which implies knowing their characteristics in order to define coherent development plans or projects to promote the production and consumption of tarwi. Conclusions. The UPT are family farming; the family participates in running the plots and in generating economic income both from the main crop, as well as from other complementary sources. The farmers are typified mostly as small-scale, and their production is oriented towards family food security and some surpluses for the market; however, due to the gradual loss of conservation agricultural practices, abandonment of the state in promoting its conservation, cultivation, consumption and lack of financing and technical assistance, the cultivated area of tarwi is gradually decreasing.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45620048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENSAMBLE ARBÓREO ASOCIADO A UN SISTEMA AGROFORESTAL DE Coffea arabica L. EN SILTEPEC, CHIAPAS, MÉXICO","authors":"Romeo de Jesús Barrios Calderón, Eduardo Antonio Gordillo Díaz, Pablo Marroquín Morales, Alfredo Isaac Brindis Santos","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4724","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The production of Coffea arabica L. in most of the world is carried out under agroforestry systems, whose associated tree assembly provides microclimatic conditions and other benefits such as product diversification, biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, increased soil fertility, and pest and disease control. Objective: to characterize the tree component and its classification by use and value in a shade-grown coffee agroforestry system in Siltepec, Chiapas. Methodology: Five clusters were established, each with three randomly distributed sampling units, with a total of 15 sampling units with an area of 400 m2. An inventory of the trees was carried out, classifying the associated species. Structural parameters (height, normal diameter, densities, basal area) and importance value index were estimated. Results: 30 tree species representing 19 botanical families were found; the Fabaceae Inga flexuosa, Inga laurina, Inga paterno, Dyphisa americana were the most important. The height of the tree component reached 27 m, with a more significant number of trees for class 2 at 7 m (1743 ind. ha-1 [78.73%]). The diameter class from 2.5 to 10 cm (532 trees) had the highest number of individuals. The average density corresponds to 1155 ind. ha-1, Inga flexuosa (chalum) the tree species with the most significant presence (510 ind. ha-1) with an importance value of 60.13%. The basal area obtained corresponds to 119.5 m2 ha-1, Inga laurina (caspirol) has the most significant spatial distribution (54.02 m2 ha-1). Implications: The study allows dimensioning of the importance of tree associations that occur within an agroforestry system of Coffea arabica L. in soh a way that those parameters and the composition of species can be determinants of the productive capacity of each plot. The study considers the benefits of the tree component in coffee production and contributing goods and services that give greater sustainability to the agroecosystem. Conclusions: There was a high tree density, with the Fabaceae family and particularly the Inga genus being the most important in the studied area, which allows excellent benefits such as the contribution of Nitrogen, nutrient recycling, soil fertility and decreased erosion in the coffee plantations","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44789831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM CONTENT IN DIFFERENT ORGANS OF PINEAPPLE CULTIVARS AT DIFFERENT PLANTING DENSITY","authors":"Andrés Rebolledo Martínez, Nain Peralta Antonio, Rosa Laura Rebolledo García, Alberto Enrique Becerril Román, Laureano Rebolledo Martínez, David Jaén Contreras, Daniel Emigdio Uriza Ávila, Héctor Daniel Inurreta Aguirre, Gerardo Montiel Vicencio","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4539","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The amount of nutrients required by pineapple varies depending on the cultivar and planting density. Knowing the nutrient requirement in quantity and the appropriate phenological stage will allow the development of an adequate fertilization program. Objective. To determine the effect of pineapple cultivar and planting density on N, P, and K content during plant development and at harvest. Methodology. The cultivars 'Smooth Cayenne', 'Champaka', and 'MD-2' were established at 30000, 45000, and 60000 plants ha-1. Eight samples were taken to determine the N, P, and K content in the organs and the total plant. Results. The highest and lowest N, P, and K contents were detected in the leaf and root, respectively. The highest N and K contents occurred at 441 - 506 days after planting. Higher P content occurred close to harvest. The highest N, P, and K contents per plant were at 30000 plants ha-1 (14.86, 1.52, and 16.29 g plant-1, respectively) and the lowest at 60000 plants ha-1 (10.16, 1.13, and 14.6 g plant-1, respectively). Higher N, P, and K contents per hectare were detected with 60000 plants ha-1 (609, 68, and 875 kg ha-1, respectively).  At harvest, ‘Smooth Cayenne’ at 60000 plants ha-1 accumulated the highest amount of N, P, and K (147, 37, and 306 kg ha-1, respectively). Implications. The changes that can occur in the nutrient requirements of pineapple as a function of cultivar, planting density, and stage of plant development were identified. This information will be useful for producers, agricultural technicians, and researchers in Mexico and the world, to generate fertilization programs or establish new research. Conclusion. At the beginning of plant growth, a higher N, P, and K contents in the leaf, this amount decreases as the fruit harvest approaches. Regardless of cultivar, the highest nutrient content per plant occurs at the lowest planting density, however, the highest content per hectare occurs at the highest planting density. At harvest time, fewer nutrients are removed from the soil with 'Champaka' and 'MD-2' fruit.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41848272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON ROOTS AND SHOOTS FORMATION IN THREE VANILLA SPECIES (ORCHIDACEAE) UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS","authors":"José Martín Barreda-Castillo, R. Menchaca-García, Miguel Ángel Lozano-Rodríguez","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background. </strong><em>Vanilla planifolia</em> is a species of commercial and cultural importance. However, its growth and development could be affected by the increase in temperature caused by climate change. In contrast, <em>V.</em> <em>pompona</em> and <em>V. insignis</em> are wild species with potential use as aromatic species and they show greater tolerance to prolonged exposure to high temperatures. <strong>Objective. </strong>To determine the effect of temperature on the development of roots and shoots of <em>V.</em> <em>planifolia</em>, <em>V.</em> <em>pompona</em> and <em>V. insignis</em> under controlled conditions. <strong>Methodology.</strong> Cuttings of approximately 20 cm with two nodes were grown at 25, 32, 35 and 38 °C under controlled conditions, with a relative humidity of 100%, for six weeks. To evaluate cutting development, the number of roots produced was recorded, as well their length, their growth rate and their diameter. Likewise, the number of shoots generated, their length, growth rate and diameter were also counted. The experimental design was completely random, and the data were analyzed using Tukey<em> post hoc </em>analysis of variance (<em>P</em> < 0.05). <strong>Results. </strong>The increase in temperature affected the promotion and root growth in <em>V. planifolia</em>, which showed<strong> </strong>the greatest length at 25 °C (20.64 ± 0.26 cm) and the lowest value at 35 °C (1.22 ± 0.49 cm), contrary to <em>V. insignis</em>, where the increase in temperature at 35 °C favored root elongation (4.76 ± 0.07 cm), while the lowest growth was observed at 25 °C (1.74 ± 0.13 cm). <em>V. pompona</em> did not present significant differences in root growth at the three temperatures evaluated. Similarly, the increase in temperature showed a distinct influence on the promotion and growth of the shoot. <em>V. planifolia</em> only produced shoots at 32 °C (8.4 ± 0.4 cm) and <em>V. pompona</em> generated them at 32 and 35 °C, being those of greater length at 35 °C (3.3±0.13 cm) and did not produce at 25 °C; while <em>V. insignis</em> showed the highest shoot growth at 25 °C (7.22 ± 0.2 cm) and the lowest at 32 °C (6.56 ± 0.12). At 38 °C, 100% mortality was observed in the three species. <strong>Implications.</strong> The growth of roots and shoots of <em>V. planifolia</em> are affected by an increase in temperature above 32 °C, therefore, conservation and genetic improvement programs are needed that could start from the qualities that <em>V. pompona </em>and <em>V. insignis </em>showed. <strong>Conclusion. </strong>Temperature ranges between 25 and 35 °C have a differential effect on the promotion and growth of roots and shoots for the species <em>V. planifolia</em>, <em>V. insignis</em> and <em>V. pompona</em>.</p>","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41544477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APLICACIÓN POTENCIAL DEL ANÁLISIS TRANSCRIPTÓMICO EN LOS PLANES DE MANEJO DE INSECTOS PLAGA QUE AFECTAN EL SECTOR AGROPECUARIO DE PANAMÁ","authors":"Randy Atencio-Valdespino, Enrique A. Sánchez-Galán, Carlos Ramos-Delgado, Aidamalia Vargas-Lowman","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4557","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Insect pests, as well as other arthropods, constitute a constant threat to public health and food security and food sovereignty in a country. Although various techniques are currently used for integrated pest management, the search for new management alternatives is constant. In this sense, transcriptome analysis, which consists of the analysis of gene expression profiles of certain living organisms, could provide new alternatives. Objective. To determine the potential applications of transcriptomic analysis against insect pests in the agricultural sector in Panama. Methodology. The study was developed through the search for relevant information on transcriptome analysis applied within entomology. Search was performed in SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Dialnet, Web of Science, Springer Link, Ciencia.Science.gov, Scopus, Google Schoolar and ERIC (Institute of Education Sciences). Main findings. The analysis of transcriptomes is a tool to understand different biological, physiological, and molecular aspects of insects and other arthropods identified as pests in the Republic of Panama that put at risk the agricultural production of the country. Implications. Harmful arthropods have become more relevant in recent years due to climate change, invasive species and anthropogenic factors that increase the populations of these pest in Panama. Conclusion. The results indicate that transcriptomic analysis generates information about the existence of candidate genes, including those of harmful arthropods and natural enemies as predators, parasitoids and entomopathogenic microorganisms that could be used as targets to reduce the damage caused by arthropods to the agricultural sector.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41515698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUACIÓN DE LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE ECO-INNOVACIONES EN SISTEMAS DE PRODUCCIÓN DE LECHE EN PEQUEÑA ESCALA","authors":"Itzel Cortés-Fernández, C. Arriaga-Jordán, H. Thomé-Ortíz, C. Martínez-García","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4873","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Eco-innovation (EI) involves new goods and services that reduce negative environmental impacts. In small-scale dairy systems (SCDS) the adoption of innovations is low, this has been associated with the lack of extension services, so its evaluation is needed to improve the services. Objective. To identify and to evaluate the implementation process of four EI in SCDS. Methodology. The research was conducted in the Municipality of Aculco, State of Mexico. Twenty-one small-scale dairy farmers with a maximum herd size of 35 cows were selected. A questionnaire was applied to collect information about the concept of EI, time of use, diffusion and acquisition, changes for implementation, limitations and motivations, disuse and suggestions. The information was analyzed by frequencies and percentages. Four groups were formed according to the type of EI (bio-digester, solar heater, water collection, and solar cells), and the implementation process of each one was described. The evaluation of three technology phases (communication, transfer and adoption) and their stages was proposed using a five-point Likert scale for each EI. Differences between groups were analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis test (P<0.05). Results. None of the farmers knew the term eco-innovation, 67% found out about the EI implemented by acquaintances, 76% required financial support, 86% were motivated by economic savings, and 62% mentioned ignorance as the main limitation. The implementation process was different for all four EI, and there were significant differences in their dissemination, information, accessibility, training, appropriation, and recommendation. Implications. The evaluation proposal to implement EI can be applied to several technologies and contexts because it considers common stages, although each innovation has its own process. Conclusions. It is concluded that the knowledge of the EI implementation process and the perception of it allows to identify improvements for the adoption of useful innovations in the SCDS.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45165628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRIPS (THYSANOPTERA) ASOCIADOS AL CULTIVO DE ZARZAMORA Y ARÁNDANO EN LOS REYES, MICHOACÁN, MÉXICO","authors":"L. D. Ortega-Arenas, L. D. Ortega-Arenas, H. González-Hernández, E. Rodríguez-Leyva, J. A. Rodríguez-Arrieta","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background. </strong>Different species of thrips are listed as important pests in berries. They cause damage to leaves, flowers and fruits, which cause poor development and deformation of the berry, and loss of production; some species are associated with plant pathogens transmission. <strong>Objectives</strong>. To determine the species of thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with blackberry and blueberry and their seasonal abundance, in the producing region of Los Reyes, Michoacán, Mexico and to determine the most attractive sticky trap color to collect thrips.<strong> Methodology. </strong>The thrips were captured monthly through direct collection on the plants, and with sticky traps (yellow and blue), from April 2021 to August 2022.<strong> Results. </strong>1,615 specimens were obtained, all from Thripidae family, belonging to four genera and six species. <em>Frankliniella</em> and <em>Scirtothrips</em> were the most abundant genera and accounted 96% of the material collected. <em>F. occidentalis</em> was most abundant in blackberry var. Laurita and Elvira, and <em>S. dorsalis</em> in blackberry var. Dasha and blueberry var. Arana. <em>F. bruneri</em> and <em>F. minuta</em> and <em>Plesiothrips ayarsi</em> were first recorded as occasional species, and <em>Neohydatothrips gracilipes</em> as frequent in blackberry var. Dasha and Laurita. The sticky yellow traps caught more thrips. The greater abundance coincided with periods of sprouting and flowering of both crops.<strong> </strong><strong>Implications. </strong>The determination of thrips species that damage berries cultivation and their population fluctuation are fundamental for the implementation of an integrated management program.<strong> Conclusions. </strong>These results enrich the information of the Mexican fauna of Thysanoptera in berries, as well as the attraction to the color of certain traps and seasonal abundance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45301782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. vaginatum AND A. globosum subsp. grandicaule AND THEIR EFFECT ON IN VITRO RUMINAL FERMENTATION KINETICS","authors":"Maria Mitsi Nalleli Becerril-Gil, A. Olmedo-Juárez, A. Endara-Agramont, J. Estrada-Flores","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background</strong>: <em>Arceuthobium vaginatum</em> subsp. <em>vaginatum</em> (BM; black mistletoe) and <em>Arceuthobium globosum</em> subsp. <em>grandicaule</em> (YM; yellow mistletoe), are two parasitic plant species abundant in the forests of northern and central Mexico and Central America, affect 43% of the <em>P. </em><em>hart</em><em>wegii</em> tree population in the Nevado de Toluca Flora and Fauna Protection Area (NTFFPA), including mistletoe as a complementary feed in sheep can reduce the environmental impact generated by these pests to the forest and also reduce the purchase of feed for livestock. <strong>Objective</strong>: To evaluate the chemical composition, phenolic content and <em>in vitro</em> fermentation kinetics of two mistletoe species (M) <em>Arceuthobium vaginatum</em> subsp. <em>vaginatum</em> (BM; black mistletoe) and <em>A. globosum</em> subsp. <em>grandicaule</em> (YM; yellow mistletoe), in four age categories (AC) of <em>Pinus hartwegii</em> (AC: small sapling, large sapling, juvenile and adult) collected in the Nevado de Toluca Flora and Fauna Protection Area (NTFFPA). <strong>Methodology</strong>: The chemical composition (dry matter DM; neutral detergent fiber NDF; acid detergent fiber ADF and crude protein CP), phenolic content (total phenols TP; total tannins TT and condensed tannins, CT), <em>in vitro</em> fermentation kinetics parameters and <em>in vitro</em> digestibility were analysed. The experimental design used was completely randomized design with 2x4 factorial arrangement. <strong>Results</strong>: DM content was different between M (P< 0.05), the highest was found in BM. The NDF and ADF content was different between M, ranging from 364.45-467.43 g/kg DM. No differences (P>0.05) were observed in CP which averaged 62.08 g/kg DM. The TP, TT and CT content was different between M (P<0.05), the highest content was in YM with no effect observed in AC. B-gas production (mL of gas) presented differences between M and AC sampled (P<0.05). The gas production rate c on average was 0.042. Lag time was different between M (P<0.05). The <em>in vitro</em> digestibility of dry matter and organic matter were different between M (P<0.05). <strong>Implications</strong>: The results reported here serve as a tool for decision making on its possible inclusion as a forage addition to a diet in sheep feeding. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>The chemical composition and <em>in vitro </em>digestibility was different between M and the AC, contain secondary metabolites such as total phenols and condensed tannins and have an impact on <em>in vitro</em> fermentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46908662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CARACTERIZACIÓN DE SISTEMAS AGROFORESTALES CON CACAO (Theobroma cacao L) EN TRES MUNICIPIOS DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA","authors":"Diego Armando Ruiz-Russi, Laura Dayana Escobar-Pachajoa, Felipe Montealegre Bustos, Donald Adrian Galvis Neira, Jorge Enrique Camacho Diaz, Yeirme Yaneth Jaimes Suárez, Jairo Rojas Molina","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4801","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Colombia, most traditional cocoa crops are developed under agroforestry systems (SAF), associating shrubs and trees that provide shade for cocoa. They generate additional economic income and various ecosystem services. Objective:  To characterize agroforestry systems with cocoa in three municipalities in eastern Boyacá (Miraflores, Berbeo, and Páez) belonging to the province of Lengupá. Methodology: A semi-structured interview was applied in 15 selected farms to learn about socioeconomic aspects, agronomic management of cocoa, and the use and management of trees. The botanical and structural composition and the Simpson (S), Shannon-Weaver (H´), and Jaccard (J) plant diversity indices were determined. Results: Cocoa producers in that region develop smallholder production under agroforestry systems with irregular tree species distribution, which are used for wood, firewood, shade, and food. At the regional level, 189 forest individuals accompanying cocoa were found, grouped into 18 families, 17 genera, and 28 species. The municipality of Berbeo presented the highest abundance (73 individuals), followed by Miraflores (67) and finally, Páez (49). In Berbeo, the species with a high importance value index (IVI) were Ceiba pentandra and Cedrela odorata (35 and 33, respectively), in Miraflores Trichanthera gigantea and Persea americana (44 and 42) and, in Páez Cedrela odorata (104). Implications: The selective felling of forests in SAF with cocoa, which intensifies the production of wood, has favored the loss of diversity; Therefore, the floristic composition studies serve as a basis to identify other potential forest species for the establishment of SAF to promote the diversification of the productive system and contribute to its resilience and sustainability. Conclusion: The agroforestry systems with cocoa in three municipalities in eastern Boyacá presented a differential composition and diversity, marked by a lower diversity in the municipality of Páez, where the species C. odorata had greater representation, related to the affinity of farmers for timber species of commercial interest.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48796806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}