Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems最新文献

{"title":"SOIL MACROFAUNA ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY UNDER TREES WOODLOTS IN EASTERN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO","authors":"Jean-Leon Mirembe Kataka, Richard Onwonga, Nancy Karanja, Solomon Kamau","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background</strong>. Soil macrofauna are key components of agricultural processes due to their ability to enhance major soil functions such as nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition. Yet, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, their compositions and dynamics are threatened by the intensification of agricultural activities on small pieces of land characterised by integration of trees into crops farms. <strong>Objective</strong>. To assess the effect of diverse tree species on soil macrofauna abundance and diversity and selected soil chemical properties. <strong>Methodology</strong>. <em>Eucalyptus saligna</em> and <em>Grevillea robusta</em> woodlots were considered for this study, together with a natural forest, an indigenous tree (<em>Ficus</em> <em>benghalensis</em>) and an agricultural farm (with beans grown on it), and were set up as treatments. A complete randomised design was used whereby each treatment was replicated five times in four different locations. Soil macrofauna were collected using soil monoliths as well as Pitfall and Winkler traps, while composite soil samples were taken from monoliths after macrofauna catching. Soil macrofauna were identified at the order level and soil nutrients analysed in the laboratory following standard procedures. The analysis of variance and correlations were carried out using R programming software. <strong>Results</strong>. Soils under natural forest showed significantly low pH as compared to grevillea, eucalyptus, ficus and beans. Soil C levels were significantly low in beans (33.6 g kg-1), than grevillea (45.0 g kg-1), ficus and eucalyptus (46.2 g kg-1 and 47.7 g kg-1), and natural forest (60.7 g kg-1), whereas N was significantly low in beans (3.7 g kg-1) as compared to ficus and eucalyptus (4.3 g kg-1 and 4.7 g kg-1), and grevillea and natural forest (5.3 g kg-1 and 5.3 g kg-1). Soil Ca was significantly higher under ficus, than beans, grevillea, natural forest and eucalyptus. Same trends were observed for P, K and Mg. Highly significant (p &amp;lt;0.05) macrofauna abundance was observed for Araneae (spiders) under beans with an average of 7.3 individuals, compared to grevillea and eucalyptus (6.0 and 5.1 individuals respectively), and natural forest and ficus (3.3 and 2.8 individuals respectively). Inversely, Coleoptera (beetles) were significantly lower under beans than natural forest, ficus, eucalyptus and grevillea, whereas Haplotaxida (earthworms) and Hymenoptera were both higher under ficus. Soils in natural forest and ficus revealed highly significant richness index (9.8 and 9.5) than grevillea and eucalyptus (9.0 and 8.8) and beans (7.5). The Shannon diversity index together with the evenness index were both significantly (p &amp;lt;0.05) higher under beans and lower under ficus. <strong>Implication</strong>. The diversification of soil macrofauna under specific tree species for this study indicates their importance towards the preservation of soil macrofauna communitie","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134972679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LA PREDICCIÓN IN SILICO DETERMINA LA PRESENCIA DE EPÍTOPOS INMUNOGÉNICOS ALTAMENTE ESPECÍFICOS EN FRAGMENTOS DE LA PROTEÍNA DE LA MEMBRANA POLIMÓRFICA (PMP17G) DE Chlamydia abortus","authors":"Fernando De Jesús Aldama, Roberto Montes de Oca Jiménez, Beatriz Arellano Reynoso","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background.</strong> Ovine Enzootic Abortion is a contagious infectious disease caused by a Gram negative and obligate intracellular bacterium, <em>Chlamydia abortus</em>. For field diagnosis, commercial serological tests are used; however, some of these tests show low sensitivity and specificity rates, due to the cross-reactions that the antigens used have against other pathogens. For the most accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to develop tests with more specific antigens such as polymorphic membrane proteins (Pmp's), that allow to determine the presence of specific epitopes using new technologies. <strong>Objective.</strong> To determine <em>in silico</em> the presence of epitopes with specific immunogenic potential against <em>Chlamydia abortus</em> of two fragments of the PMP17G protein. <strong>Methodology.</strong> The cloning and sequencing of the fragments was carried out from a field isolate of <em>Chlamydia abortus</em>, and from the analysis of these sequences, with the help of two bioinformatics software’s. <strong>Results.</strong> Several epitopes from <em>Chlamydia abortus</em> were found, rPOMP90-3 (eight epitopes) and rPOMP90-4 (one epitope). <strong>Implications.</strong> Bioinformatics analysis indicated that both fragments of the protein have the capacity to activate the immune system, which would be useful for the development of diagnostic kits and immunogens. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> The <em>in silico</em> analysis allowed to efficiently predict and identify specific epitopes against <em>Chlamydia abortus</em> in both fragments of the protein. </p>","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45265714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRIOTOLERANCIA DE EMBRIONES BOVINOS CULTIVADOS INDIVIDUALMENTE EN UN MEDIO SUPLEMENTADO CON L-CARNITINA","authors":"Emilia Rosa Lliteras-Martínez, Alejandro Palacios-Espinosa, J. L. Espinoza-Villavicencio, Ricardo Ortega Pérez, P.E.J. Bols","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4832","url":null,"abstract":"Background: L-carnitine is a lipid metabolism enhancer and a potent antioxidant that prevents oxidative damage and improves cryotolerance of bovine embryos. Objective: To determine the effect of L-carnitine during oocyte maturation on developmental competence and cryotolerance of single bovine embryo cultured. Methodology: Embryos were produced in vitro using abattoir-derived cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). In experiment 1, two individual maturation, fertilization and culture systems were used in 24-well plates with 20 µL drops of medium covered with mineral oil and 96-well plates with 30 µL drops of medium. In experiment 2, oocytes were randomly distributed into two groups and single matured in 96-well plates in medium supplemented or not with 0.6mg/mL L-carnitine. On day 7 post fertilization, blastocysts were vitrified on solid surface in Fiberplug. Non-vitrified blastocysts were used as control. Embryonic survival after devitrification was determined by blastocysts re-expansion and hatching rate at 24 and 48 hours of post-devitrification culture. Total cell number and apoptotic rate by TUNEL-DAPI staining were used as quality and cryotolerance indicator. In both cases, cleavage and blastocyst rates were evaluated at 48 hours and 7 days post fertilization, respectively. Results: No significant differences were found for embryonic development between single culture systems. There was no effect of L-carnitine supplementation during maturation on embryo development, but embryo survival had increased (P < 0.05) at 24- and 48-hours post devitrification. Implications: Treatment with L-carnitine had increased (P < 0.05) post-thaw re-expansion rates (86.8 ± 3.0 vs 70.0 ± 4.4) and it was similar to non-vitrified control (89.7 ± 2.6). Mean cell number and apoptotic cell index, were similar for all treatment groups. Conclusion: L-carnitine supplementation during maturation, does not improve division rate and subsequent development of single cultured embryos, however increases cryotolerance post devitrification.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49532101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHITOSAN IMPROVES MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL, ROOTING ATTRIBUTES AND PROFITABILITY OF TWO COCOA (Theobroma cacao L.) VARIETIES DURING VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION","authors":"J. Reyes-Pérez, Luis T. LLERENA-RAMOS, L. Hernández-Montiel, Victor Hugo Reynel-Chila, W. Tezara, Tomás Rivas-García","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4761","url":null,"abstract":"<p class=\"Newparagraph\"><strong>Background: </strong>The sexual propagation of Cocoa (<em>Theobroma cacao</em> L.) has some limitations to preserve some desirable agronomic characteristics in successive generations.<strong> Objective:</strong> The present research evaluates the effect of a chitosan based-formulation (Quitomax®) on morpho-physiological, rooting attributes and benefit-cost ratio of two cocoa varieties during vegetative propagation. <strong>Methodology:</strong> The experimental design was completely randomized with a factorial arrangement (A × B), where A represented the two clones and B the three concentrations of chitosan based formulation used (0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg L^-1), with three repetitions. per treatment. The survival (%), the stem diameter (mm), the number of leaves, the number and length (cm) of roots, the biomass (g), the gas exchange (A, gs, Ci, E), and an economic analysis of the two cocoa plant varieties were evaluated at 120 days after starting the trial. <strong>Results:</strong> The clone CCN-51 treated with 500 mg L^-1 had significantly the highest results on survival (80%), stem diameter (6.83 mm), number of leaves per plant (8.2), number and length of roots (6.21 and 35.74 cm), aerial and root biomass (4.07 g and 1.64 g) parameters. In gas exchange, the highest values of Water use efficiency (WUE) were observed at 500 mg L^-1 in CCN-51 (5.36 mmol mol^-1) and 1000 mg L^-1 in INIAP-EETP-801 (7.62 mmol µmol^-1). In both clones, higher profitability was obtained when applying the chitosan dose of 500 mg L^-1, reaching profitability of 40.65 and 50.00% for clones INIAP-EETP-801 and CCN-51, respectively. <strong>Implications:</strong> The cocoa clone CCN-51 showed plants that exhibited greater development of both the aerial part and the root part of the cocoa seedlings than INIP-EETP-801 coca clones. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The chitosan based formulation at 500 mg L^-1 is a promissory alternative to improve the evaluated parameters after 120 days of cocoa vegetative propagation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43183341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A BRIEF UPDATE ON SHEEP PRODUCTION IN MEXICO: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS","authors":"E. Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Carlos Antonio López Díaz, R. A. Ruiz-Romero, A. Chay-Canul, H. Lee-Rangel, M. Gonzalez-Ronquillo, N. Ghavipanje, Karen Tajonar","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4872","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Looking towards 2050, substantial increases in agricultural productivity are needed to meet the projected demands of the growing world population. Inevitably, profound changes will occur in the sheep production systems and Latin-American countries such as Mexico will need to adapt to these changes. Objective: To provide a brief update on sheep production in Mexico and discuss the current challenges and prospects. Main findings: The development of the Mexican sheep sector is relatively slow since it is affected by complex factors including social, political, and economic changes that impact sheep production, and consumption of sheep products, as well as the diverse type of production systems throughout the country. Extensive production systems in Mexico are associated with limitations but have the potential for improvement in areas such as nutrition management, breeding programs, and response to consumer perception trends. In this regard, integrated efforts should be made to enhance sheep productivity in Mexico. Implications: The analysis was limited only to scientific contributions explored. An analysis that considered other sources of information could have strengthened this analytical exercise. Conclusion: The sheep industry in this country will concurrently face with two challenges related to increasing production efficiency: a) sheep production aimed to keep sustainability and animal welfare, and b) production of by-products, considering product quality, differentiation, value added, and marketing. Lastly, Mexican sheep production will require to consider the animal, social, and farming systems that together promote sustainable production. ","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49041120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRIMER REGISTRO DE Tosale oviplagalis (Walker) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) COMO PLAGA PERFORADORA DEL FRUTO DE Passiflora ligularis (Juss, 1805), EN EL BOSQUE HÚMEDO MONTANO CARPISH, PERÚ","authors":"Agustina Valverde Rodriguez, L. M. Álvarez Benaute, Henry Briceño -Yen","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4698","url":null,"abstract":"Background. No previous records of Tosale oviplagalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as an agricultural pest have been found. In Peru, the Chinchao area is part of the conservation area of the Carpish Montane Regional Forest, currently an expansion area for passion fruit (Passiflora ligularis Juss) cultivation and is home to endemic insect species that can access new food resources in the areas with crops. of cultivation. In 2019, the first reports of damage to granadilla fruits caused by these insects emerged. Objective. To register T. oviplagalis species for the first time as an agricultural pest in granadilla fruits and to showe its damage. Methodology. The larvae of the species were collected together with the immature damaged fruits of granadilla between the months of February and August of the year 2019, in the Chinchao-Huánuco-Peru area located between 2110 to 3690 masl; Subsequently, the breeding in the laboratory and the respective identification were carried out. Damage observations and descriptions were made in the field and in the laboratory. Results. In the larval state, the insect pierces the fruits, enters and feeds on the internal part of the epicarp, on its way it forms tunnels under the epidermis and usually takes refuge internally in the insertion of the peduncle, they complete their development and in the last stage occupying the same entrance orifice, they abandon the fruit, letting themselves fall to the ground to pupate. Implications. The study presents new information on the pest habits of the species T. oviplagalis. Conclusions. The species T. oviplagalis is recorded for the first time as a pest on the fruits of granadilla (P. ligularis). It was possible to show its damage, at the beginning with a small hole in the fruit through which the larval entered, completely deteriorated fruits and the complete development of the larva within the damaged fruit.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47416307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APROVECHAMIENTO DE LA FAUNA EN HUERTOS FAMILIARES Y SELVA EN DOS COMUNIDADES DE YUCATÁN, MÉXICO","authors":"Sara Gabriela Barranco-Vera, P. Montañez-Escalante, María Del Rocío Ruenes-Morales, J. Jiménez-Osornio","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4736","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Human societies have always depended on animals to satisfy different needs such as food, shelter, company, medicine, religion, among others. In Mayan rural areas, at present, the use of fauna is daily, so it is necessary to evaluate the relationships established between them and it is necessary to recognize the value of importance that animals have. Objective. To characterize the use of animals in the homegardens and forest of Mayan communities of Sahcabá and Sanahcat in Yucatan. Qualitative tools such as: interviews, participant observation and questionnaire were used.  Results: Twenty-eight animal species were mentioned as useful: 11 in homegardens and 18 in forest; divided into mammals (7 in homegardens, 10 in forest), birds (4 in homegardens, 3 in forest), reptiles (3 in forest) e insect (1 in forest). Chicken, in homegardens, and the deer, in forest, had the highest use value (SUT = 0.86 and 0.84, respectively). Animals are economically important to families and provide them with food. Five species of fauna in homegardens and 2 in forest ones were mentioned with medicinal use for the treatment of 13 different diseases. Hunting, in growing areas and in the dry season, was the main means of obtaining animal biomass, with 15 species of wild fauna hunted for food. Implications: The results contribute to understanding the importance of wild and domestic fauna in the culture, food, and economy of rural families, as well as the role that families play in their conservation. Conclusions: The knowledge and use of fauna in homegardens and forest satisfy economic, nutritional, medicinal, and cultural (stories and legends) needs in the studied communities. Although this knowledge is still valid, losses of it are identified in the population of young people and children.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49499437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIVERSIDAD DEL MAÍZ EN TRES ZONAS GEOMORFOLÓGICAS DE YUCATÁN, MÉXICO","authors":"Elia María Ku-Pech, J. O. Mijangos-Cortés, Ignacio Islas-Flores, Enrique Sauri-Duch, L. Latournerie-Moreno, Yaritza Rodriguez-Llanes, José Luis Simá-Gómez","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4853","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Maize (Zea mays L.) is the main sustenance in the daily diet of Mexican families. As a crop, it is one of the most important in the country of Mexico, and in Yucatan state, it is grown under rainfed conditions in milpas with no mechanizable lands. In this study, an analysis of the phenotypic variability from cob collects of native maize from Yucatan state was carried out, with ethnobotanical information collected within passport data. Objectives: To introduce the genetic diversity of maize into a germplasm bank, to know the genetic diversity of native populations based on the characteristics of cob, to know its distribution, to find the potential populations in each collection area for its use in genetic improvement programs. Methodology: 66 Tuxpeños, 13 Dzit bacal, 6 Nal tel, 13 Xmejen nal, and 2 Nal xoy were collected in the southern, central, and eastern regions of the state, from January to March 2020, by sampling the four cardinal points in each community visited. A vector map of collections in Yucatan was developed and quantitative data of 13 biometric cob variables were recorded in 100 populations (crop cycles: late n=68; intermediate n=26; early n=6), a general data analysis of variance (ANOVA) and by crop cycles were made, principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchically clustered with the average linkage method and discriminant analysis were made. Qualitative data from ethnobotanical surveys with mixed questions applied to milperos at the time of collection are presented. Results: The diversity of native maize in Yucatan is made up of three main groups based on the crop cycle: late, intermediate, and early. The southern and eastern regions of Yucatan preserve greater diversity, representing 44 and 40% of the total collections, respectively. There were significant differences in all ear variables; in a late growth cycle, only the grain thickness did not show differences between populations, and in the early growth cycle the grain thickness, width, and length variables were not significant. The PCA explained 80% of the total variation, seven different groups were formed, with greater differentiation in early maize Nal tel, intermediate Xmejen nal and Dzit bacal, contrary to the Tuxpeños late maize. Ten promising populations were identified for selection in each geomorphological region: eight correspond to the southern, two to the eastern, and one to the center of Yucatan state. The main factors to select for sowing corn in the region are: white and yellow maize for yield, the resistance to weevil attack for red maize, and the perception of color and palatability in purple maize. Implications: A complete phenotypic characterization in the field is required with a special interest in red-pigmented maize. Conclusions: The interest of the milperos in conserving and sowing the different native maize are based on the color of the grain, the benefits and uses that they can obtain from them, which determine the planting area in the ","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49580131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENSILADOS MIXTOS DE CEREALES DE GRANO PEQUEÑO EN LA ALIMENTACIÓN DE VACAS EN SISTEMAS DE PRODUCCIÓN DE LECHE EN PEQUEÑA ESCALA","authors":"Sirley Carrillo-Hernández, José Velarde-Guillén, Felipe López-González, C. Arriaga-Jordán","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4837","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In small-scale dairy systems (SPLPE), multi-species pastures and small grain cereal silages have proven to be an option in the face of potential climate change effects and provide quality forage at low costs in periods of forage shortages. Objective: To evaluate the inclusion of a binary silage of barley and rye, compared to a ternary silage of barley, rye and triticale, in the feeding of dairy cows in small-scale dairy systems, in terms of productive and economic performance. Methodology: In the central Highlands of Mexico and with the participation of a small-scale dairy farmer, the inclusion of these silages in the feed of 6 dairy cows was evaluated under a cross-over design. The treatments included 40% silage (T1, binary; T2, ternary), 36% of conventional feeds (cut pasture, maize straw and alfalfa hay) offered by the participating farmer, and 24% of commercial compound concentrate. The variables evaluated were diet composition, feed intake, yield and milk composition, and an economic analysis made considering feed costs. Results: The neutral detergent fiber content was 4.8% lower in T2 (p<0.05), a treatment that also presented a 3% higher digestibility and a higher metabolizable energy and crude protein content (p<0.05). This was due to the incorporation of the ternary silage, a higher quality silage compared to the binary silage. Energy corrected milk production was higher in T2 (p=0.05), in response to the higher intake and higher digestibility of this treatment. Feeding costs were similar for the inclusion of the two silages and the implementation of the ternary treatment represented an increase of 0.8% in margins over feed costs with compared to the use of the binary silage. Implications. The use of small grain cereal mixtures silages are feasible in small-scale dairy systems to ensure a constant supply of medium quality forage, which together with moderate supplementation can generate high yields and economic income. Conclusions: The inclusion of ternary silage of small grain cereals of barley, rye and triticale, and moderate supplementation with commercial concentrate (24%) and other conventional feeds (36%), is a viable alternative as a feeding strategy in small-scale dairy systems during the dry season maintaining high milk yields and a high profit margin for these systems.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42496275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FORRAJE VERDE HIDROPÓNICO COMO ALTERNATIVA FORRAJERA EN LA ALIMENTACIÓN ANIMAL","authors":"Pedro Cisneros-Saguilán, Patricia Cruz-Bautista, Manuel Hernández-Hernández","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4679","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Animal feeding and nutrition constitute the main limitation in livestock farming in arid and semi-arid zones, because it depends to a large extent on imported concentrated feed. Hydroponic green fodder (FVH) represents an efficient and economical alternative to obtain food with high nutritional value for domestic animals. However, little has been used due to ignorance of the method to produce it and its benefits. Objective. To analyze the scientific information available on the agronomic, productive and nutritional attributes of HGF, and its potential as a forage resource in animal feed. Methodology. A bibliographic review was carried out based in the following databases: Scopus, NCBI, Springer, Science direct, Google Scholar, Redalyc, ResearchGate and other digital repositories, using keywords in Spanish and English, such as hydroponic green fodder, hydroponic technology, hydroponic food and alternative fodder. Results. The HGF production cycle is basically carried out in six stages: i) seed selection, ii) seed washing and disinfection, iii) seed hydration, iv) sowing and germination, v) growth, and vi) harvest. Biomass production increases progressively in relation to a higher seed sowing density. The optimum harvest period for forage is from 12 to 14 days after sowing. However, the volume and yield of production must be assessed in terms of the nutritional quality of harvested fodder. In prolonged harvest periods, the crude protein content increases, while the dry matter content decreases. In cattle and goats, partial diet supplementation with HGF improves milk production and composition, as well as the weight gain rate and feed ratio, due to increased feed intake and nutrients digestibility. In monogastrics, the total replacement of conventional feed with HGF affects feed intake and growth rate. Implications. More research is required to determine the adequate portion of HGF in the supplementation of animal diets, without affecting their productive performance, especially in the case of monogastrics. Conclusion. The HGF technology represents a viable and economical alternative to counteract the scarcity of fresh and nutritious food, especially in dry seasons of arid and semi-arid areas; as well as in urban or suburban areas where there is limited land area for conventional fodder production.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45527486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}