Ke-chang SHEN , Qing-tao GONG , Zhong-yu SUN , Hong-tu SUN , Bin-jie MA , Wei-min WANG
{"title":"Damage characteristics of Cu−Cr−Zr alloy rail of electromagnetic railgun after simulated launch","authors":"Ke-chang SHEN , Qing-tao GONG , Zhong-yu SUN , Hong-tu SUN , Bin-jie MA , Wei-min WANG","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66562-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66562-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The damage characteristics of different speed sections of Cu−Cr−Zr alloy rail after simulated launch were studied. The microstructure, morphologies and properties of samples were investigated by using XRD, XPS, EBSD, SEM, hardness test, electrochemical test and DSC techniques. It was found that deposition layers were formed on the surfaces of the simulated launch samples. The thickness and surface roughness of these deposition layers increased with increasing the heat effect, suggesting a launch speed dependent damage degree of the arc ablation. The hardness variation of samples is attributed to the effects of the deposition layer and deformation hardening. The surface deposition layer affects corrosion resistance and crystalline characteristics, leading to changes in subsequent service performances. Additionally, the surface texture and plastic deformation ability of the samples are related to the recrystallization degree and deformation grain amount.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 8","pages":"Pages 2589-2604"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1003632624665623/pdf?md5=8bdc813ae43a3847afa348bdd1dc256f&pid=1-s2.0-S1003632624665623-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhi-lou LIU , Zhi-kang CHEN , Fu-ze SUN , Zhi-heng ZHANG , Kang YAN , Shui-ping ZHONG , Hui LIU , Rui-xiang WANG , Jia-yuan LI , Zhi-feng XU
{"title":"Separation of halogens and recovery of heavy metals from secondary copper smelting dust","authors":"Zhi-lou LIU , Zhi-kang CHEN , Fu-ze SUN , Zhi-heng ZHANG , Kang YAN , Shui-ping ZHONG , Hui LIU , Rui-xiang WANG , Jia-yuan LI , Zhi-feng XU","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66569-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66569-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The separation of halogens and recovery of heavy metals from secondary copper smelting (SCS) dust using a sulfating roasting−water leaching process were investigated. The thermodynamic analysis results confirm the feasibility of the phase transformation to metal sulfates and to gaseous HF and HCl. Under the sulfating roasting conditions of the roasting temperature of 250 °C and the sulfuric acid excess coefficient of 1.8, over 74 wt.% of F and 98 wt.% of Cl were volatilized into flue gas. Approximately 98.6 wt.% of Zn and 96.5 wt.% of Cu in the roasting product were dissolved into the leaching solution after the water leaching process, while the leaching efficiencies of Pb and Sn were only 0.12% and 0.22%, respectively. The mechanism studies indicate the pivotal effect of roasting temperature on the sulphation reactions from various metal species to metal sulfates and the salting out reactions from various metal halides to gaseous hydrogen halides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 8","pages":"Pages 2686-2701"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1003632624665696/pdf?md5=c306bf2ad952bb8858938c3b2f6bbbab&pid=1-s2.0-S1003632624665696-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiu-feng GONG , Jin YAO , Bin YANG , Wan-zhong YIN , Yu-lian WANG , Ya-feng FU
{"title":"Flotation separation of brucite and calcite in dodecylamine system enhanced by regulator potassium dihydrogen phosphate","authors":"Xiu-feng GONG , Jin YAO , Bin YANG , Wan-zhong YIN , Yu-lian WANG , Ya-feng FU","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66567-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66567-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To achieve efficient flotation separation of brucite and calcite, flotation separation experiments were conducted on two minerals using dodecylamine (DDA) as the collector and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PDP) as the regulator. The action mechanism of DDA and PDP was explored through contact angle measurement, zeta potential detection, solution chemistry calculation, FTIR analysis, and XPS detection. The flotation results showed that when DDA dosage was 35 mg/L and PDP dosage was 40 mg/L, the maximum floating difference between brucite and calcite was 79.81%, and the selectivity separation index was 6.46. The detection analysis showed that the main dissolved component HPO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> of PDP is selectively strongly adsorbed on the Ca site on the surface of calcite, promoting the adsorption of the main dissolved component RNH+ 3 of DDA on calcite surface, while brucite is basically not affected by PDP. Therefore, PDP is an effective regulator for the reverse flotation separation of brucite and calcite in DDA system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 8","pages":"Pages 2658-2670"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1003632624665672/pdf?md5=fc399c5980d535e60c2dda17117aca64&pid=1-s2.0-S1003632624665672-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao HUANG , Han-jiang WU , Ke-xing SONG , Yan-min ZHANG , Yan-jun ZHOU , Shao-lin LI
{"title":"Effect of wire diameter compression ratio on drawing deformation of micro copper wire","authors":"Tao HUANG , Han-jiang WU , Ke-xing SONG , Yan-min ZHANG , Yan-jun ZHOU , Shao-lin LI","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66563-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66563-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A crystal plasticity finite element model was developed for the drawing deformation of pure copper micro wire, based on rate-dependent crystal plasticity theory. The impact of wire diameter compression ratio on the micro-mechanical deformation behavior during the wire drawing process was investigated. Results indicate that the internal deformation and slip of the drawn wire are unevenly distributed, forming distinct slip and non-slip zones. Additionally, horizontal strain concentration bands develop within the drawn wire. As the wire diameter compression ratio increases, the strength of the slip systems and the extent of slip zones inside the deformation zone also increase. However, the fluctuating stress state, induced by contact pressure and frictional stress, results in a rough and uneven wire surface and diminishes the stability of the drawing process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 8","pages":"Pages 2605-2618"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1003632624665635/pdf?md5=24248611d859ef172363e030e7940f44&pid=1-s2.0-S1003632624665635-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of cold rolling deformation on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of spray formed Al−Zn−Mg−Cu−Cr alloys","authors":"Cai-he FAN, Yi-hui LI, Qin WU, Ling OU, Ze-yi HU, Yu-meng NI, Jian-jun YANG","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66552-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66552-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The impact of cold rolling deformation, which was introduced after solid solution and before aging treatment, on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the as-extruded spray formed Al−9.8Zn−2.3Mg−1.73Cu− 0.13Cr (wt.%) alloy, was investigated. SEM, TEM, and EBSD were used to analyze the microstructures, and tensile tests were conducted to assess mechanical properties. The results indicate that the D1-T6 sample, subjected to 25% cold rolling deformation, exhibits finer grains (3.35 μm) compared to the D0-T6 sample (grain size of 4.23 μm) without cold rolling. Cold rolling refines the grains that grow in solution treatment. Due to the combined effects of finer and more dispersed precipitates, higher dislocation density and smaller grains, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the D1-T6 sample can reach 663 and 737 MPa, respectively. In comparison to the as-extruded and D0-T6 samples, the yield strength of the D1-T6 sample increases by 415 and 92 MPa, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 8","pages":"Pages 2442-2454"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1003632624665520/pdf?md5=8e64bfffb27638eda84e71838db2603c&pid=1-s2.0-S1003632624665520-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. CVIJOVIĆ-ALAGIĆ , S. LAKETIĆ , M. MOMČILOVIĆ , J. CIGANOVIĆ , Đ. VELJOVIĆ , J. BAJAT , V. KOJIĆ , M. RAKIN
{"title":"Laser processing effects on Ti−45Nb alloy surface, corrosive and biocompatible properties","authors":"I. CVIJOVIĆ-ALAGIĆ , S. LAKETIĆ , M. MOMČILOVIĆ , J. CIGANOVIĆ , Đ. VELJOVIĆ , J. BAJAT , V. KOJIĆ , M. RAKIN","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66558-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66558-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Ti−45Nb (wt.%) alloy properties were investigated in relation to its potential biomedical use. Laser surface modification was utilized to improve its performance in biological systems. As a result of the laser treatment, (Ti,Nb)O scale was formed and various morphological features appeared on the alloy surface. The electrochemical behavior of Ti−45Nb alloy in simulated body conditions was evaluated and showed that the alloy was highly resistant to corrosion deterioration regardless of additional laser surface modification treatment. Nevertheless, the improved corrosion resistance after laser treatment was evident (the corrosion current density of the alloy before laser irradiation was 2.84×10<sup>−8</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>, while that after laser treatment with 5 mJ was 0.65×10<sup>−8</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>) and ascribed to the rapid formation of a complex and passivating bi-modal surface oxide layer. Alloy cytotoxicity and effects of the Ti−45Nb alloy laser surface modification on the MRC-5 cell viability, morphology, and proliferation were also investigated. The Ti−45Nb alloy showed no cytotoxic effect. Moreover, cells showed improved viability and adherence to the alloy surface after the laser irradiation treatment. The highest average cell viability of 115.37% was attained for the alloy laser-irradiated with 15 mJ. Results showed that the laser surface modification can be successfully utilized to significantly improve alloy performance in a biological environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 8","pages":"Pages 2533-2551"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1003632624665581/pdf?md5=2159b6cf5abaab1dd793253ccfbc258f&pid=1-s2.0-S1003632624665581-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong-qiang GAO , Fu-ying WU , Zhi ZHANG , Zi-chuan LU , Ren ZHOU , Hu ZHAO , Liu-ting ZHANG
{"title":"Graphene-loaded nickel−vanadium bimetal oxides as hydrogen pumps to boost solid-state hydrogen storage kinetic performance of magnesium hydride","authors":"Dong-qiang GAO , Fu-ying WU , Zhi ZHANG , Zi-chuan LU , Ren ZHOU , Hu ZHAO , Liu-ting ZHANG","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66566-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66566-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To modify the thermodynamics and kinetic performance of magnesium hydride (MgH<sub>2</sub>) for solid-state hydrogen storage, Ni<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>-rGO (rGO represents reduced graphene oxide) and Ni<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> nanocomposites were prepared by hydrothermal and subsequent heat treatment. The beginning hydrogen desorption temperature of 7 wt.% Ni<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>-rGO modified MgH<sub>2</sub> was reduced to 208 °C, while the additive-free MgH<sub>2</sub> and 7 wt.% Ni<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> doped MgH<sub>2</sub> appeared to discharge hydrogen at 340 and 226 °C, respectively. A charging capacity of about 4.7 wt.% H<sub>2</sub> for MgH<sub>2</sub> + 7 wt.% Ni<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>-rGO was achieved at 125 °C in 10 min, while the dehydrogenated MgH<sub>2</sub> took 60 min to absorb only 4.6 wt.% H<sub>2</sub> at 215 °C. The microstructure analysis confirmed that the in-situ generated Mg<sub>2</sub>Ni/Mg<sub>2</sub>NiH<sub>4</sub> and metallic V contributed significantly to the enhanced performance of MgH<sub>2</sub>. In addition, the presence of rGO in the MgH<sub>2</sub> + 7 wt.% Ni<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>-rGO composite reduced particle aggregation tendency of Mg/MgH<sub>2</sub>, leading to improving the cyclic stability of MgH<sub>2</sub> during 20 cycles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 8","pages":"Pages 2645-2657"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1003632624665660/pdf?md5=1c96ea8f5c740ea7606957d560c16de7&pid=1-s2.0-S1003632624665660-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amares SINGH , Hui Leng CHOO , Wei Hong TAN , Rajkumar DURAIRAJ
{"title":"Effect of Mo and ZrO2 nanoparticles addition on interfacial properties and shear strength of Sn58Bi/Cu solder joint","authors":"Amares SINGH , Hui Leng CHOO , Wei Hong TAN , Rajkumar DURAIRAJ","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66564-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66564-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The influence of Mo and ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles addition on the interfacial properties and shear strength of Sn58Bi solder joint was investigated. The interfacial microstructures of Sn58Bi/Cu, Sn58Bi + Mo/Cu and Sn58Bi + ZrO<sub>2</sub>/Cu solder joints were analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and the X-ray diffraction (XRD). Intermetallic compounds (IMCs) of MoSn<sub>2</sub> are detected in the Sn58Bi + Mo/Cu solder joint, while SnZr, Zr<sub>5</sub>Sn<sub>3</sub>, ZrCu and ZrSn<sub>2</sub> are detected in Sn58Bi + ZrO<sub>2</sub>/Cu solder joint. IMC layers for both composite solders comprise of Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub> and Cu<sub>3</sub>Sn. The SEM images of these layers were used to measure the IMC layer’s thickness. The average IMC layer’s thickness is 1.4431 µm for Sn58Bi + Mo/Cu and 0.9112 µm for Sn58Bi + ZrO<sub>2</sub>/Cu solder joints. Shear strength of the solder joints was investigated via the single shear lap test method. The average maximum load and shear stress of the Sn58Bi + Mo/Cu and Sn58Bi + ZrO<sub>2</sub>/Cu solder joints are increased by 33% and 69%, respectively, as compared to those of the Sn58Bi/Cu solder joint. By comparing both composite solder joints, the latter prevails better as adding smaller sized ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles improves the interfacial properties granting a stronger solder joint.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 8","pages":"Pages 2619-2628"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1003632624665647/pdf?md5=c738c87478eb014cb6d13629711e35c5&pid=1-s2.0-S1003632624665647-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zi-yin DAI , Bing ZHANG , Hideo KIMURA , Li-rong XIAO , Rong-han LIU , Cui NI , Chuan-xin HOU , Xue-qin SUN , Yu-ping ZHANG , Xiao-yang YANG , Rong-hai YU , Wei DU , Xiu-bo XIE
{"title":"Vermiform Ni@CNT derived from one-pot calcination of Ni-MOF precursor for improving hydrogen storage of MgH2","authors":"Zi-yin DAI , Bing ZHANG , Hideo KIMURA , Li-rong XIAO , Rong-han LIU , Cui NI , Chuan-xin HOU , Xue-qin SUN , Yu-ping ZHANG , Xiao-yang YANG , Rong-hai YU , Wei DU , Xiu-bo XIE","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66565-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66565-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Ni-coated carbon nanotubes (Ni@CNT) composite was synthesized by the facile “filtration + calcination” of Ni-based metal−organic framework (MOF) precursor and the obtained composite was used as a catalyst for MgH<sub>2</sub>. MgH<sub>2</sub> was mixed evenly with different amounts of Ni@CNT (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5, wt.%) through ball milling. The MgH<sub>2</sub>−5wt.%Ni@CNT can absorb 5.2 wt.% H<sub>2</sub> at 423 K in 200 s and release about 3.75 wt.% H<sub>2</sub> at 573 K in 1000 s. And its dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation activation energies are reduced to 87.63 and 45.28 kJ/mol (H<sub>2</sub>). The in-situ generated Mg<sub>2</sub>Ni/Mg<sub>2</sub>NiH<sub>4</sub> exhibits a good catalytic effect due to the provided more diffusion channels that can be used as “hydrogen pump”. And the presence of carbon nanotubes improves the properties of MgH<sub>2</sub> to some extent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 8","pages":"Pages 2629-2644"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1003632624665659/pdf?md5=2eaa25f196ab4b040d00f6a0849cdb20&pid=1-s2.0-S1003632624665659-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun ZHANG, Lin-qi HUANG, Zhi-xiang LIU, Xi-bing LI
{"title":"Peridynamic simulation of rock failure with surface flaw under dynamic loading","authors":"Jun ZHANG, Lin-qi HUANG, Zhi-xiang LIU, Xi-bing LI","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66543-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66543-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To investigate the propagation of surface flaws in rocks under dynamic loading, an elastic−plastic ordinary state-based peridynamic model that considers the compressive to tensile strength ratio is used for numerical tests based on the results of previous experiments. The failure process of rocks containing three-dimensional surface flaws at different angles and depths under dynamic loading is simulated. The simulation results show that the peridynamic model used can well simulate the propagation of three-dimensional cracks in rocks and the failure process of specimens. Peridynamic simulations can be used to obtain strength variation regularity which is consistent with the experimental results. The crack generated on the surface of the specimen penetrates to a certain depth inside the specimen, which is related to the depth of the surface flaw. Shell-like cracks generated inside the specimen join with cracks generated on the surface to form complex three-dimensional cracks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 7","pages":"Pages 2313-2327"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S100363262466543X/pdf?md5=80ec4f5aba4afb8b96e90dc72ee2c3d1&pid=1-s2.0-S100363262466543X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}