{"title":"A Generic Template for Collaborative Product Development","authors":"Jiyu Zhang, Jie Chen, H. El-Mounayri","doi":"10.1115/imece1999-0171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0171","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A generic template system is presented in this paper. The template, which is basically a management system and an integration platform, adopts virtual prototyping, cross-functional teaming and information integration to improve the performance of product development life cycle. The architecture and working principles of the template are discussed. This architecture provides a collaborative environment for product development aiming at integrating people, process and data in the complete product development cycle. Also, a new integration strategy, that adopts PDM as its universal integration platform, is proposed and realized. This strategy reduces the requirements of integrating a software module (or “a virtual model”) into the template to only the development of the interface between this module and the PDM. In addition, the generic template contains methods and mechanisms to create and maintain virtual prototyping models for different engineering products and engineering systems that involve mechanical as well as electrical components (e.g. a power train). Currently, the template includes sufficient models to accurately and reliably model, simulate and evaluate complete engineering systems. Some of these models do not exist in the current state-of-the-art commercial CAD/CAE/CAM/PDM systems.","PeriodicalId":231726,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Virtual Reality: Manufacturing and Design Tool for the Next Millennium","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115453210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of an Interactive Virtual Factory Using Cell Formation Methodologies","authors":"T. Kesavadas, M. Ernzer","doi":"10.1142/S0219686703000332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219686703000332","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper describes an interactive virtual environment for modeling and designing factories and shop floors. The factory building tool is developed as an open architecture in which various modules can be utilized to quickly implement factory design algorithms ranging from plant layout to factory flow analysis. Software modules and utilities have been implemented to allow easy set-up of the visual interface. In this paper this virtual factory is used to implement cellular manufacturing (CM) system. CM has traditionally been a very complicated system to implement in practice. However the productivity rise obtained by the successful implementation of the system has been proved to be immense. Several issues involved in implementing CM within our virtual factory machine modeling and interface designs for defining the cells, are discussed. The mathematical clustering algorithm called Modified Boolean Method was implemented to automatically generate complex virtual environments. The virtual factory makes the process of CM-based factory design a very easy and intuitive process. Virtual factory interface also allows easy reassignment of machines and parts, subcontracting of bottleneck parts and rearranging of machines within the same design environment, making this a productive industrial tool.","PeriodicalId":231726,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Virtual Reality: Manufacturing and Design Tool for the Next Millennium","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114954121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interactive Virtual Tools for Manipulating NURBS Surfaces in a Virtual Environment","authors":"B. Perlès, J. M. Vance","doi":"10.1115/1.1464132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1464132","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Virtual prototyping is the process of evaluating digital versions of designs without building physical mockups. Industry is increasingly turning to virtual prototyping in an effort to reduce design time and costs. The ability to evaluate various design configurations early in the design process using digital models allows for more opportunity to optimize the product design and explore alternate design configurations at a lower product design cost. This paper describes the development of virtual tools which give the designer the ability to take virtual prototyping one step further by allowing interactive modification to the virtual surfaces while in the virtual environment.\u0000 Virtual prototypes are created directly from computer aided design (CAD) data. Non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) have become the industry standard for representation of free-form curves and surfaces (Piegl, 1991). The contribution of the work presented here is in the development of virtual tools which are used to operate directly on the CAD data and change the shape of the NURBS surfaces in a virtual environment. The virtual tools can be dragged along or pushed into the surface in real-time to change its shape. The surface normal at an arbitrary point can be manipulated in three-dimensional (3D) space. Constraint-based surface manipulation is used to obtain multiple point direct manipulation of NURBS surfaces, which is not currently available in other VR CAD programs.","PeriodicalId":231726,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Virtual Reality: Manufacturing and Design Tool for the Next Millennium","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116033007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Virtual Manufacturing Tools in the Product Design Environment","authors":"Ronald C. Braun, W. Marx","doi":"10.1115/imece1999-0172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0172","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Design and manufacturing modeling and simulation have been identified as important to the principles of lean product development. Early in the product development cycle, the use of three-dimensional (3-D) engineering models allows us to electronically (or virtually) prototype physical products, and conduct product feasibility and producibility studies. Manufacturing issues can be identified early and used to drive the product design toward the lowest cost. This paper describes the Northrop Grumman Corporation (NGC) approach to extending classic prototype simulation to virtual manufacturing (VM) tools that accommodate the visualization of interacting production processes, process planning, scheduling, and assembly planning. Previous simulation tools were limited to the design environment. Our tools not only support design; they also provide functionality by bringing the results to the assembly floor. The use of these tools has resulted in “first-time quality” both above and on the shop floor, with significant reductions in product cost and cycle time.","PeriodicalId":231726,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Virtual Reality: Manufacturing and Design Tool for the Next Millennium","volume":"176 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120913167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Testing of Virtual Environment Display Devices for Conceptual Design Reviews","authors":"G. Bochenek, J. Ragusa","doi":"10.1115/imece1999-0170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0170","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The high cost of designing and prototyping new products and systems, coupled with the need to shrink overall life cycles, requires that organizations become more effective and efficient in managing these processes. To this end, empirical testing of various virtual environment (VE) devices was conducted to evaluate their use during a conceptual design review of a new military vehicle. Test results and analysis indicated that there were significant advantages of some VE technologies during certain phases of the review process, but no single device fully satisfied all individual and team needs. For that reason, a combined technology approach is recommended.","PeriodicalId":231726,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Virtual Reality: Manufacturing and Design Tool for the Next Millennium","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131963477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Telemetry-Based Depth Recovery for Virtual Factory Construction and Extension to Remote Facility Management","authors":"D. Zetu, P. Banerjee, A. Akgunduz","doi":"10.1115/imece1999-0161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0161","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The fast construction of a Virtual Factory model without using a CAD package can be made possible by using computer vision techniques. In order to create a realistic Virtual Manufacturing environment, especially when such a model has to be created in correlation to an existing facility, a reliable algorithm that extracts 3D models from camera images is needed, and this requires exact knowledge of the camera location when capturing images. In this paper, we describe an approach for depth recovery from 2D images based on tracking a camera within the environment. We also explore the extension of our telemetry-based algorithm to remote facility management, by tracking and synchronizing human motion on the shop floor with motion of an avatar in a Virtual Environment representing the same shop floor.","PeriodicalId":231726,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Virtual Reality: Manufacturing and Design Tool for the Next Millennium","volume":"248 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124282894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Thompson, A. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, T. DeFanti, S. Retterer
{"title":"Functional Specifications for Tele-Immersive Product Evaluation","authors":"D. Thompson, A. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, T. DeFanti, S. Retterer","doi":"10.1115/imece1999-0159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0159","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A novel virtual tele-immersive product evaluation environment is conceived. The components include a robust Virtual Reality (VR) hardware system, associated VR driving software, development tool for the tele-immersive virtual environment, networking software, user representation scheme and tools for developing 3D models and incorporating dynamic properties into the models. We have developed a model to allow users to collaboratively evaluate products using the CAVE™, Performer, CAVERN, CAVEActors, Pro/ENGINEER, and ADAMS software libraries.","PeriodicalId":231726,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Virtual Reality: Manufacturing and Design Tool for the Next Millennium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129118393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neowand: A New Device and Paradigms for Immersive Interactions","authors":"M. Russo, Ken Pimentel","doi":"10.1115/imece1999-0156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0156","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Natural interactions within immersive environments have been restricted by the limited degree of interaction provided by existing software and mechanical devices for mediating this interface. Furthermore, this interaction has typically depended on techniques that assume 20Hz+ frame-rates. These techniques then suffer from the real-world vagaries of constantly changing frame-rates, and sensor latency that may range from 1Hz to 60Hz. This paper describes both a new set of paradigms for picking, navigating, manipulating and editing objects within an immersive environment and a new device custom-designed for such use. Additionally, this paper describes a technique for ensuring interaction with immersive environments at human-rates (20Hz+) that are independent of scene complexity and most hardware. Finally, this paper describes early results of comparing these new techniques against other practices.","PeriodicalId":231726,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Virtual Reality: Manufacturing and Design Tool for the Next Millennium","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125629205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Maiteh, M. Leu, D. Blackmore, G. Liu, L. Abdel-Malek
{"title":"Swept-Volume Computation for Virtual Reality Application of Machining Simulation","authors":"B. Maiteh, M. Leu, D. Blackmore, G. Liu, L. Abdel-Malek","doi":"10.1115/imece1999-0152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0152","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Growing interest in Virtual Reality (VR) over the past few years has led to the development of VR techniques for applications such as virtual manufacturing, virtual assembly, virtual training, etc. Most of these applications involve the moving of objects and interaction of them with the environment in virtual space. One foreseeable important application of virtual manufacturing is Numerically Controlled (NC) machining path generation and verification in a VR environment. In this application the efficient computation and accurate representation of swept volumes of the machining cutters is an important issue.\u0000 This paper describes a fast and accurate method for generating the swept volume of a moving object undergoing an arbitrary translational and rotational motion, with application to NC machining simulation in a VR setting. The Sweep Differential Equation (SDE) method, which we initially developed for representing and computing the swept volumes of rigid moving objects and subsequently extended to objects that may deform during the course of motion, forms the basis for the VR application of NC cutter path generation and verification. An example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the SDE method for simulation of multi-axis NC machining.","PeriodicalId":231726,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Virtual Reality: Manufacturing and Design Tool for the Next Millennium","volume":"295 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121332760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Level of Detail and Multi-Resolution Modeling Techniques for Virtual Design and Prototyping","authors":"Zhigeng Pan, Kun Zhou, Chiyi Cheng, Mingmin Zhang","doi":"10.1115/imece1999-0154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0154","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Reconciling scene realism with interactivity has emerged as one of the most important areas in making virtual reality feasible for large-scale CAD data sets consisting of several millions of primitives. Level of detail (LoD) and multi-resolution modeling techniques in virtual reality can be used to speedup the process of virtual design and virtual prototyping. In this paper we present an automatic LoD generation and rendering algorithm which is suitable for CAD models and propose a new multi-resolution representation scheme called MRM (multi-resolution model), which can support efficient extraction of fixed resolution and variable resolution for multiple objects in the same scene. MRM scheme supports unified selective simplifications and selective refinements over the mesh. Furthermore, LoD and multi-resolution models may be used to support real-time geometric transmission in collaborative virtual design and prototyping.","PeriodicalId":231726,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Virtual Reality: Manufacturing and Design Tool for the Next Millennium","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131866423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}