Tobacco Control最新文献

{"title":"Economic cost of cigarette smoking in China: a propensity score matching and DALY-based analysis (2014-2020).","authors":"Rong Zheng, Lingyun Meng, Aduqinfu He, Xiao Hu","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-059099","DOIUrl":"10.1136/tc-2024-059099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cigarette smoking imposes substantial health and economic burdens on China, yet its full impact remains significantly underestimated and based on outdated data. This study aims to comprehensively assess the direct and indirect economic costs of cigarette smoking from 2014 to 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From a societal perspective, the study uses the subtractive method in conjunction with propensity score matching to estimate direct costs, particularly excess healthcare expenditures incurred by people who smoke compared with those who have never smoked. Additionally, indirect costs, including productivity losses due to premature mortality and morbidity, are quantified using disability-adjusted life-years and the human capital approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total economic cost of cigarette smoking in China increased significantly from 1.40 trillion RMB in 2014 to 2.43 trillion RMB in 2020, representing an average of 2.29% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) annually. In contrast, the fiscal benefits derived from the tobacco industry, including tax revenue and profits, were substantially lower, amounting to 1.52 trillion RMB in 2020. This disparity reveals that the economic cost of cigarette smoking was approximately 1.6 times greater than the fiscal gains, undermining the narrative that the tobacco industry is economically advantageous.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study underscores the unsustainability of relying on revenues from the tobacco industry and emphasises the urgent need for comprehensive tobacco control policies in China. Policy-makers should prioritise raising tobacco taxes and adopting effective strategies to reduce smoking prevalence, thereby safeguarding long-term public health and promoting economic sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":"482-488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The UK Tobacco and Vapes Bill (2023/4): framing strategies used by tobacco and nicotine industry actors faced with an endgame policy (a generational sales ban of tobacco products) and nicotine product restrictions.","authors":"Britta K Matthes, Tess Legg, Rosemary Hiscock, Allen W A Gallagher, Karin Silver, Hala Alaouie, Duncan Thomas, Anna B Gilmore","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-059207","DOIUrl":"10.1136/tc-2024-059207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2023, the UK government proposed a Bill introducing a generational ban on the sale of tobacco products and measures targeting youth nicotine product (NP) use. Industries' responses remain unexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed 43 consultation and evidence submissions from tobacco and nicotine industry-linked actors, assessing their connections to transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) and using an evidence-based taxonomy to examine framing strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TTCs and actors with known current TTC links accounted for 42% of submissions. Other actors-some with historic TTC ties-were other tobacco products (OTPs) specialists, NP specialists and retailers. Tobacco and nicotine industries were generally portrayed as 'good' with TTCs framing themselves as public health champions, while policymakers, the public health community and non-compliant sellers were depicted as 'bad' actors. TTCs, linked groups and additional OTP actors opposed the generational ban, arguing it lacked evidence and would harm the economy and increase violence against retailers. Proposed alternative approaches included exempting heated tobacco products (HTPs) and OTPs, and raising the age of sale to 21. TTCs, linked actors and NP actors opposed restrictions on NP flavours, packaging and display, arguing these would infringe on rights, harm retailers, stifle innovation, and increase smoking and illicit trade. They framed youth NP use as resulting from irresponsible individuals and advocated for education, stricter penalties and self-regulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When faced with tobacco endgame and nicotine control policies in the UK, tobacco and nicotine industries pushed back using framing strategies common to health-harming industries. Despite contradicting their 'transformation' narratives, TTCs still sought to position themselves as public health actors deserving policy access. Advocates, researchers and policymakers can anticipate opposition to endgame policies-such as a generational sales ban-and NP restrictions, proactively preparing to counter this opposition in order to safeguard public health policy from vested interests.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":"440-448"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13479673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying substances suspected of facilitating inhalation or increasing nicotine uptake as part of the enforcement of the Tobacco Products Directive.","authors":"Thibault Mansuy, Alice Mouchet, Jérémie Achille, Clara Neto, Benoît Labarbe","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-059111","DOIUrl":"10.1136/tc-2024-059111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Tobacco Products Directive 2014/40/EU (TPD) introduced rules prohibiting tobacco products and liquids for electronic cigarettes with nicotine which contain substances or additives that facilitate inhalation or nicotine uptake. However, this property has not been clearly defined. The present study proposes mechanisms of action to characterise this property, thereby supporting effective enforcement of the TPD. The first step consists of identifying the mechanisms of action that aim to increase the bioavailability of nicotine; to decrease the irritation or aversion related to nicotine; or to increase the concentration of nicotine in the aerosol. Other mechanisms of action were excluded as they do not specifically target nicotine or because they are aiming to increase the 'addictive effect' and should be treated as a separate issue. The second part of the process is to describe the mechanisms of action mentioned above, based on the available data. An extensive list of substances with nicotine inhalation facilitating properties is proposed, containing TRPM8 receptor agonists and β2-adrenoreceptor agonists. Further research on the properties of certain substances, including increased transbuccal permeability, pH alteration and bronchodilator effect, is also suggested.We recommend enforcing a ban on all the substances we listed in cigarettes, roll-your-own tobacco, cigars, cigarillos, pipe tobacco and water pipe tobacco. For vaping products, as menthol is one of the most used flavours by users wishing to quit, a benefit-risk balance of a ban on menthol and other TRPM8 receptor agonists in vaping products should be conducted before implementing it. However, the other substances listed should be banned.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":"534-539"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test purchases of tobacco with minors in the Canton of Vaud (Switzerland) in 2023 and 2024.","authors":"Valentine Ballmer, Luca Notari, Luc Lebon","doi":"10.1136/tc-2025-059322","DOIUrl":"10.1136/tc-2025-059322","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":"554-555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13479614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco industry influence on breast cancer research, policy and public opinion: scoping the Truth Tobacco Industry Documents.","authors":"Eileen Han, Eric Crosbie, Pamela Ling, Sara Perez, Huma Khan, Robert Hiatt, Cristin Kearns","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-058724","DOIUrl":"10.1136/tc-2024-058724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Over the last 35 years, there has been growing evidence suggesting a relationship between tobacco use and breast cancer. The tobacco industry's role in shaping research, policy and public opinion about the relationship is unknown. This study's objective is to determine if the tobacco industry-funded Council for Tobacco Research (CTR) Records and the Tobacco Institute (TI) Records, housed in the Truth Tobacco Industry Document Archive, contain documents related to internal research about breast cancer and strategies to influence the science and public opinion about breast cancer causes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied the situational scoping method, in which community advocates and university researchers collaborate, to (1) identify external events considered by CTR or TI as a threat or opportunity to business interests; (2) select events for further analysis and (3) conduct social worlds/arenas mapping of industry responses to selected events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CTR and TI Records contained 19 719 documents with the search term 'breast cancer' ranging from the 1950s to 1998. We analysed nine events relevant to the aim of this research. CTR and TI responded to external threats, pointing out methodological problems in studies they perceived as threatening, or characterising lung cancer as misdiagnosed or metastasised breast cancer. They responded to external opportunities with promoting and funding research focusing on smoking's 'protective effects' over breast cancer, and breast cancer's genetic, hormonal and dietary causes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CTR and TI Records are a rich source of documents related to tobacco industry efforts to influence breast cancer research, policy and public opinion away from any aetiologic relationship between tobacco use and breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":"517-527"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12341490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Vape Master' and other apps: an analysis of e-cigarette entertainment mobile apps.","authors":"George D H Pearson, Mona Azadi, Rebecca M Goyette, Jennifer M Kreslake","doi":"10.1136/tc-2025-060038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2025-060038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Apple app store and the Google Play Store are major platforms for downloading mobile applications (apps). E-cigarette entertainment apps, such as games and simulators, commonly feature youth-appealing characteristics, such as animated or youthful characters and instances of magic or fantasy. Both platforms' policies limit tobacco-related apps; however, enforcement is inconsistent. This study sought to determine if e-cigarette entertainment apps appear in searches for e-cigarette-related terms and whether they contain youth-appealing content.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using Python, the Apple App Store and the Google Play Store were searched for 41 e-cigarette-related terms. Two coders reviewed all returned apps to identify e-cigarette entertainment apps. These apps' store listings (the web page for the app on the store) and app content were coded for youth-appealing features using a codebook.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both platforms had e-cigarette-related apps (Apple App Store: 42; Google Play Store: 73). While almost all (n=40) App Store apps were cessation-focused, e-cigarette entertainment apps (n=33) were found on the Google Play store. Many e-cigarette entertainment apps contained themes such as violence (n=13) and visible smoke/aerosol (n=26). Characters coded in the apps were mostly animated (n=12). Four characters were coded as appearing under 18 years old.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Youth-appealing features of tobacco ads are regulated in broadcast and print media, but regulations do not pertain to mobile apps. While Apple has removed much of the concerning content from its App Store, the Google Play Store has numerous e-cigarette entertainment apps containing youth-appealing features.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148607833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limiting tobacco accessibility by transitioning tobacco sales to state alcohol stores: estimated increases in travel time and changes in associated disparities.","authors":"Pamela J Trangenstein, Deidre M Patterson, Katherine J Karriker-Jaffe, Nina C Schleicher, William C Kerr, Lisa Henriksen","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-059033","DOIUrl":"10.1136/tc-2024-059033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transitioning tobacco sales (TTSs) to state-controlled stores would reduce tobacco retailer density, making tobacco less accessible while also providing infrastructure to support retailer licensing, raise prices and restrict marketing. Using 10 US states with an alcohol retail monopoly as an example, this study estimated population average increases in driving time associated with implementing TTS, reporting changes overall and by race, ethnicity and poverty status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study combined 2020 licensing data, business records and American Community Survey 5-year estimates. Network (road-based) driving times to the nearest tobacco retailer were calculated at the census tract level for the status quo (existing tobacco retailers) and TTS counterfactual (state alcohol stores) in 2020. Travel times were weighted by subpopulations to assess equity reach of decreases in tobacco retailer accessibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, TTS would more than double travel times to the nearest tobacco retailer, resulting in a mean 119% increase in driving time (range: 30%-232%). The average per cent increase in travel time was slightly greater for black (127%) and Hispanic or Latino people (126%) than for white people (117%), and travel times increased more for black and/or Hispanic or Latino people in all states except Alabama, New Hampshire and Utah. There were larger increases in travel time for persons with incomes below the federal poverty line (vs above) in 7 of the 10 states.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The TTS policy would make tobacco less accessible and reduce racial, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in tobacco retail accessibility in most of the states examined.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":"467-474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of compliance with smoke-free regulations in a multi-ethnic city in Western China: a mixed-methods study.","authors":"Yuhang Zhang, Yutong Xu, Shushu Wang, Jiayin Zheng, Qingyu Li, Xinyu Shi, Xinying Zeng, Rui Liu, Xiaojing Wang, Kathy Wright, Esme Kalbag, Peng Meng, Siwen Huang, Jingtao Zhou, Chi Ruan, Lin Xiao, Sitong Luo","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-059077","DOIUrl":"10.1136/tc-2024-059077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>China has enacted subnational smoke-free legislations, which requires compliance evaluations to provide data for future implementation planning. This study comprehensively assessed smoke-free regulation compliance in Xining in Western China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Conducted in November and December 2023, the study used a mixed-methods design. Quantitative surveys of observing the existence of 'no evidence of smoking' were completed by trained investigators in 1007 venues (including 2553 indoor and 55 outdoor areas). PM2.5 concentration assessments of evidence of smoking were performed in 48 venues. Staff interviews on perceptions and implementation of the regulations were conducted in 94 venues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the quantitative survey, the compliance rate of 'no evidence of smoking' in indoor areas ranged from 65.2% to 100% by venue types, with public transportation vehicles (100%) and educational institutions (90%) showing the highest rates and leisure/entertainment/accommodation venues showing the lowest. The compliance rate in outdoor areas was 88.5% for health institutions and 96.4% for educational institutions. The PM2.5 monitoring found six venues (one hospital and five leisure/entertainment/accommodation venues) had an average PM2.5 concentration level exceeding China's air quality standard, which were highly likely caused by people smoking. Qualitative interviews revealed that lack of commitment and knowledge to regulations among venue staff and non-cooperation of smoking clients might be the main reasons contributing to unsatisfactory compliance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study provided empirical data on the compliance with local smoke-free regulations in Xining and identified a room for improvement. Efforts should be made to raise public awareness of smoke-free regulations and strengthen regulations' enforcement and supervision.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":"457-466"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Household tobacco expenditure and associated characteristics during substantial regular tobacco tax increases: analysis from a nationally representative longitudinal study in Australia from 2006 to 2022.","authors":"Jemmah Newell, Heewon Kang, Coral E Gartner","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-059056","DOIUrl":"10.1136/tc-2024-059056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated household tobacco expenditure by socioeconomic status and examined the associated factors in Australia from 2006 to 2022, incorporating a period of substantial regular tobacco tax increases (2010-2020).  METHODS: We conducted a repeated cross-sectional analysis of household data from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey to examine differences in household tobacco expenditure by Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA). Descriptive analyses were performed for all households and those with any tobacco expenditure, with dollar values adjusted for inflation to 2022. Linear regression with generalised estimating equations (GEE) assessed associations between different individual-level factors and household tobacco expenditure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2006 and 2022, smoking prevalence decreased by 5.6% points. Overall average annual household tobacco expenditure decreased by $7.8 ($980.5 to $972.7), while households that purchased tobacco increased spending by $1092.2 ($3839.5 to $4931.7). In 2022, households in the most disadvantaged areas allocated more than double the proportion of their disposable income to tobacco (6.3%) compared with households in the most advantaged areas (2.7%). GEE analysis showed a dose-response relationship between SEIFA category and household tobacco expenditure, with the most disadvantaged households spending an additional $245.5 (95% CI: $193.7-$297.2) compared with the most advantaged households. The additional tobacco-related expenditure for people who currently smoked compared with those who never smoked was $1500.5 (95% CI: $1424-$1577).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Disadvantaged households allocated more of their income to tobacco and spent more on tobacco overall than advantaged households, reflecting higher smoking prevalence. Additional non-price-related measures are needed to address these inequities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":"449-456"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depictions of tobacco and e-cigarettes in popular US, French and German music videos.","authors":"Reiner Hanewinkel, Clemens Neumann, Matthis Morgenstern","doi":"10.1136/tc-2025-059318","DOIUrl":"10.1136/tc-2025-059318","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":"552-553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}