Theriogenology最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to “FOXM1 affects oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and the DNA damage response by regulating p21 in aging oocytes” [Theriogenology 229 (2024) 66–74]","authors":"Wenjie Yu , Xiaoshi Cai , Chen Wang , Xinyue Peng , Lingxia Xu , Yan Gao , Tian Tian , Guangying Zhu , Yuan Pan , Hongzhong Chu , Shuang Liang , Chengzhen Chen , Nam-Hyung Kim , Bao Yuan , Jiabao Zhang , Hao Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117535","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 117535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modifications in media composition and antioxidant support influences in vitro produced bovine blastocyst inner cell mass and trophectoderm numbers","authors":"Jessica A. Keane ,&nbsp;Lydia K. Wooldridge ,&nbsp;Mary A. Oliver ,&nbsp;Savannah L. Speckhart ,&nbsp;Kayla J. Alward ,&nbsp;Jada L. Nix ,&nbsp;Fernando H. Biase ,&nbsp;Alan D. Ealy","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most of the in vitro bovine embryo production work completed over the past several decades has relied on using a medium formulation developed based on the chemical composition of sheep oviduct fluid (SOFBE1). This work explored how changes in the composition of this medium (modSOFBE1) and the inclusion of five antioxidant molecules (5AO) affect in vitro bovine embryo development. Studies used cumulus oocyte complexes collected from abattoir-derived ovaries that underwent in vitro maturation and fertilization, then presumptive zygotes were placed into the various media formulations. No medium type or 5AO supplementation effects were observed on the percentage of zygotes that cleaved or the percentage of cleaved embryos that formed blastocysts. Trophectoderm (TE) cell numbers were increased in blastocysts cultured in modSOFBE1, and inner cell mass (ICM) numbers were increased in blastocyst developed in modSOFBE1+5AO. Sex ratio of blastocysts was not influenced by medium type and 5AO supplementation. This work provides evidence that improvements in the base SOFBE1 formulation and the addition of multiple antioxidants may not improve overall blastocyst development rates, but they may be a useful means for promoting TE and ICM cell numbers in blastocysts. These modifications to the cellular composition of blastocysts and other subsequent activities on post-transfer development that have yet to be described may offer us with new opportunities to improve post-transfer pregnancy success of in vitro produced bovine embryos.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 117532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preimplantation genetic testing in horses: biopsy of Piezo-ICSI embryos for sex, coat color, and disease alleles","authors":"Maria Barandalla ,&nbsp;Silvia Colleoni ,&nbsp;Andrea Perota ,&nbsp;Cesare Galli ,&nbsp;Giovanna Lazzari","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The introduction of ovum pick-up, Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) and <em>in vitro</em> embryo production in equine reproduction offers significant advantages, including overcoming infertility, high blastocyst yields, embryo cryopreservation, and preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) by collecting few cells extruded spontaneously during embryo growth using a mouth pipette. PGT enables embryo selection before transfer and is particularly useful in breeds with a preference for specific offspring genders, coat color, and detecting genetic diseases. Here, we present the first large-scale validation of a non-invasive biopsy method for equine ICSI-derived blastocysts, confirming its safety and reliability, preserving embryo integrity. Biopsied cells enabled successful PGT for sex determination, Tobiano white spotting and clinical DNA screening for disorders such as Warmblood Fragile Foal Syndrome Type 1 (WFFST1) and Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency (GBED), using PCR-based assays validated by Sanger sequencing. Our results showed a 92.76 % success rate in sex determination among 746 ICSI blastocysts biopsied, with an overall mean of 56.21 % male and 43.79 % female, and no significant differences among breeds. Tobiano genotypes were identified in over 90.91 % of 22 biopsies analyzed from embryos of heterozygous or homozygous horses. Additionally, 17 of 19 embryos from a WFFST1 carrier stallion were successfully diagnosed, with 29.5 % identified as heterozygous. Finally, 19 of 20 embryos from a GBED carrier stallion were identified, with 21.05 % confirmed as heterozygous. This study demonstrates the reliability of non-invasive PGT of OPU-ICSI embryos as a tool for informed embryo breeding programs, controlling genetic diseases incidence, and contributing to future advancements in equine assisted reproduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 117525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taurine alleviates postovulatory oocyte aging via TBK1 associated mitophagy in pigs and mice","authors":"Fa-Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Chen-Xi Gao ,&nbsp;Wen-Wen Li ,&nbsp;Ai-Ying Li ,&nbsp;Lan Li ,&nbsp;Wei Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Taurine deficiency is a driver of aging, however the mechanisms by which taurine regulates postovulatory oocyte aging (POA) remain an unanswered question. Here, we used differential gene expressions and functional enrichment analysis of transcriptomes to determine transcriptional dynamics in POA. Transcriptional conservation between mouse and pig was determined by comparative analysis of transcriptomes. Candidate key targets were identified by WGCNA analysis combined with comparative analysis of transcriptomes. Expression levels were validated using cell-based immunofluorescence assays. We observed increased fragmentation and apoptosis of oocytes during POA, which was significantly improved after adding taurine. Transcriptome analysis showed that mitochondrial function was disrupted in oocytes. Our mitochondrial immunofluorescence assay showed that mitochondrial distribution in the POA group was abnormal compared with fresh group, and ROS levels were increased. Moreover, comparative analysis highlighted the role of mitophagy, and the immunofluorescence assay highlighted the significant decrease in PINK1. On the note, we combined comparative analysis and WGCNA results to identify TBK1 as a key gene, subsequent protein fluorescence confirmed that TBK1 was downregulated during POA. As expected, the taurine increased the expression level of TBK1 in the aged group. In summary, our evidence demonstrates that taurine can improve oocyte quality during POA via TBK1-associated mitophagy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 117531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of pregnancy, heat stress and altrenogest supplementation on the porcine mid-luteal phase corpus luteum proteome","authors":"R. Blythe Schultz,&nbsp;Malavika K. Adur,&nbsp;Zoë E. Kiefer,&nbsp;Jamie M. Studer,&nbsp;Katie L. Bidne,&nbsp;Matthew R. Romoser,&nbsp;Lance H. Baumgard,&nbsp;Aileen F. Keating,&nbsp;Jason W. Ross","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Functioning corpora lutea (CL) are required for establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in pigs. Disruptions of pregnancy and reproductive cyclicity due to heat stress (HS) result in substantial economic losses for the swine industry. The objectives of this study were to characterize the CL proteome during early pregnancy establishment, and identify differentially abundant proteins during pregnancy establishment affected by HS and altrenogest supplementation. Following synchronization and estrus detection, gilts (n = 41) were assigned to one of six treatment groups enabling comparisons to evaluate the effects of pregnancy (cyclic (C) or pregnant (P)), thermal environment (thermal neutral (TN) or HS), and within pregnant gilts, supplementation with altrenogest 15 mg/d (ALT) or without (CON). Gilts were exposed to the thermal treatment at 2 days post estrus (dpe) and began receiving ALT supplementation 3dpe. At 12dpe, animals were euthanized, CL (n = 3–4) from each gilt were collected, protein extracted, and subjected to label free liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Two separate analyses, one focused on the effect of pregnancy and environment, and the other on the effect of environment and ALT supplementation, were conducted that identified 1470 and 907 differentially abundant proteins, respectively. Differences between treatments identified that pregnancy, HS and ALT supplementation alter the CL proteome in ways that may influence CL function and regression. These included proteins involved in oxidoreductase activity (SOD1), translation and ribosomal activity, and metal ion binding (PGMRC1 and CYCS). An understanding of these effects could help improve reproductive performance in swine production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 117536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementation of boar semen extender with 5 μg of buserelin improves litter size and birth weight in gilts raised under tropical field conditions","authors":"Preechaphon Taechamaeteekul ,&nbsp;Yosua Kristian Adi ,&nbsp;Junpen Suwimonteerabutr ,&nbsp;Kridtasak Sang-Gassanee ,&nbsp;Hongyao Lin ,&nbsp;Miquel Collell ,&nbsp;Robert V. Knox ,&nbsp;Padet Tummaruk","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Administering exogenous GnRH at the onset of standing estrus induces ovulation within ∼37.5 ± 3.3 h by stimulating LH secretion, narrowing the optimal insemination window. This study evaluated the effects of supplementing extended boar semen with a GnRH analog (buserelin) for fixed-time AI on conception rate, farrowing rate, and litter size under tropical field conditions. A total of 741 French Landrace × Yorkshire females (319 gilts, 422 sows) were used across nine replicates. After estrus detection, females were randomly assigned to four groups: control (n = 191), 10-IM (n = 183; 10 μg buserelin i.m.), 5-S (n = 181; semen + 5 μg), and 10-S (n = 186; semen + 10 μg). Gilts were inseminated at 0, 12, and 24 h; sows at 12, 24, and 36 h post-estrus. Litter data were collected from 223 farrowings: control (29 gilts, 34 sows), 10-IM (16 gilts, 35 sows), 5-S (29 gilts, 25 sows), and 10-S (27 gilts, 28 sows). Across groups, average farrowing rate was 88.9 %, with total number of piglets born per litter (TB) 17.0 ± 4.0, number of piglets born alive per litter (BA) 15.2 ± 3.5, stillborn 1.0 ± 1.5, and mummified fetuses 0.5 ± 1.2. No significant differences in conception or farrowing rates were found. The 5-S group had a significantly higher litter weight than the control group (24.5 ± 2.0 kg vs. 19.4 ± 0.7 kg; <em>P</em> = 0.018). Gilts receiving 5 μg buserelin in semen had significantly higher TB, BA, and litter weight (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while 10 μg increased litter weight without affecting TB. In sows, no significant improvements were observed. These results suggest that supplementing semen with low-dose GnRH analog can improve gilt productivity under tropical conditions and merits further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 117534"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy, safety and interval from end of treatment to estrus in cats treated with an ultra-low dose megestrol acetate protocol for suppression of reproductive activity","authors":"Maria Pereira ,&nbsp;Anna Grassi ,&nbsp;Maja Zakošek Pipan ,&nbsp;Giulia Contato ,&nbsp;Giada Dal Ponte ,&nbsp;Anna Ghezzo ,&nbsp;Kurt.G.M. De Cramer ,&nbsp;Stefano Romagnoli","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cat breeders need safe, predictable and fully reversible temporary control of reproduction in queens. Megestrol acetate (MA), a short-acting progestogen was investigated in this study designed to determine whether low-dose treatment is both effective and safe in cats for periods up to 6 months. Twenty-eight queens were treated orally with 11.5 μg/kg/day of MA for one to six months. A physical examination, vaginal cytology, and reproductive ultrasound were performed before, during and after treatment, whilst urinalysis and hematological/biochemical tests, including progesterone assay, were performed before and after treatment. MA suppressed reproductive function effectively in 27/28 queens. Transient mammary and uterine hyperplasia were detected in four (14 %) and three (11 %) queens, respectively, treated for more than four months, without associated clinical signs. Pyometra was observed in only one queen following her first estrus cycle post-treatment. Significant but reversible weight gain was observed in 85 % of the animals. The resumption of cyclicity occurred on average 6 weeks after the end of treatment but was influenced by the duration of treatment and seasonality. An ultra-low dose MA treatment was effective in suppressing estrus in queens treated up to 6 months. Close monitoring should be paid to queens treated for longer than 4 months as the incidence of side effects, albeit minor and manageable, increases thereafter. Mammary gland assessment and progesterone assay are indispensable before treatment. Fertility is preserved, making MA a valuable option for temporary control of reproductive activity in queens, who otherwise cycle continuously leading to both unwanted behavior and pregnancies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 117530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic profiling of 15-day post-mating preimplantation alpaca embryos reveals estradiol and cortisol pathway signatures","authors":"Ximena A. Castro-Naser ,&nbsp;Maria G. Buglio-Ballesteros ,&nbsp;Joel I. Pacheco Curie ,&nbsp;Marcelo H. Ratto ,&nbsp;Martin E. Argañaraz","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>South American camelids (SACs) play an important role in Andean economies, but reproductive inefficiencies, especially early embryonic losses, present significant challenges to herd productivity. This study provides the first proteomic analysis of preimplantation alpaca embryos, offering insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying embryo development and implantation. Using mass spectrometry, we identified 510 proteins in 15-day post-mating (dpm) alpaca embryos. Functional enrichment analysis revealed significant pathways related to cytoskeletal organization, metabolism, embryo elongation, and implantation. Key proteins associated with conceptus elongation, maternal recognition of pregnancy, and steroidogenesis were detected, including keratins (<em>KRT8, KRT18</em>), actin (<em>ACTG1</em>), annexin A2 (<em>ANXA2</em>), and enzymes involved in estradiol and cortisol biosynthesis. The transcripts of <em>VEGFA</em>, <em>Nodal</em>, <em>NGF</em>, and its receptor <em>NTRK1</em> were detected, emphasizing their roles in early embryo development, and the expression of enzymes linked to estradiol and cortisol synthesis suggests that these hormones play key roles in maternal-fetal communication. Additionally, proteins involved in prostaglandin synthesis, including <em>PTGS2</em>, were identified, supporting their role in conceptus elongation and implantation. This pioneering study provides a foundational dataset for understanding alpaca embryo development at the proteomic level, opening new paths for improving reproductive technologies in SACs. The findings highlight the molecular processes driving alpaca embryogenesis and provide a basis for future research on optimizing assisted reproductive technologies in camelids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 117529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of FGF2, LIF, IGF1 supplementation on pregnancy success following embryo transfer of in vitro derived embryos","authors":"K.S. McDonald ,&nbsp;J.N. Drum ,&nbsp;J.G.N. Moraes ,&nbsp;C. Melton ,&nbsp;O.A. Ojeda-Rojas ,&nbsp;M. Venturini ,&nbsp;A.M. Gonella-Diaza ,&nbsp;R.S. Prather ,&nbsp;M.S. Ortega","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Culture modifications are a logical approach for improving in vitro-derived embryo competence. Previously, the addition of the growth factors FGF2, LIF, and IGF1, termed FLI, to the culture medium improved bovine embryo development and survival following freezing. At Day 15, embryos treated with or without FLI appeared phenotypically similar, but transcriptomic analysis revealed differences in functions related to conceptus and placental development as well as maternal-embryo crosstalk. The objective of this study was to investigate how FLI influences the ability of a bovine embryo to establish pregnancy following slow-rate freezing. Embryos were produced <em>in vitro</em> and cultured to the blastocyst stage with or without FLI. Embryos with a quality grade of 1 (6–1 or 5–1) were cryopreserved by slow-rate freezing. A single frozen-thawed embryo was transferred to synchronized recipient females (n = 192). Blood samples were collected on Days 7, 19, 20, and 24 and pregnancy diagnosis was performed using transrectal ultrasonography after Day 28. This experiment was carried out across three locations and pregnancies per ET were similar between both groups at all locations (P = 0.3). Progesterone on days 7, 19, and 24, and day 19 and 20 interferon-stimulated genes (<em>ISG15</em>, <em>MX2</em>, <em>OAS1</em>) expression were similar among both treatments (P &gt; 0.05). There were increased (P = 0.0061) circulating concentrations of PAGs in recipients receiving FLI embryos suggesting advanced placental development and possible improvements in viability beyond day 30. No adverse effects of FLI supplementation on early embryo development were detected in these studies, thus, this is a promising addition to bovine <em>in vitro</em> embryo production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 117533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and miRNA profiling of extracellular vesicles from rabbit oviduct and uterine fluids","authors":"Y.N. Cajas ,&nbsp;K. Burbano ,&nbsp;C. Nuñéz-Puente ,&nbsp;M.G. Millán de la Blanca ,&nbsp;M. Iniesta-Cuerda ,&nbsp;A.J. Soler ,&nbsp;L. Arévalo ,&nbsp;D. Rizos ,&nbsp;P.G. Rebollar ,&nbsp;K. Cañón-Beltrán","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The oviduct and uterus provide a supportive environment for early embryonic development, where effective embryo–maternal communication is essential for pregnancy success. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from oviductal (OF) and uterine fluids (UF) are key mediators of this communication, transporting bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, DNA, and regulatory RNAs. Among these, microRNAs (miRNAs) are particularly interesting due to their role in modulating reproductive processes. Although underrepresented in EVs research, the rabbit offers a robust model owing to its inducible ovulation, controlled reproductive physiology, and similarities to human implantation dynamics. This study aims to uncover, in does, how EVs could influence key reproductive processes by isolating, characterizing, and analyzing the miRNA cargo from OF- and UF-EVs. We identified 388 miRNAs in both OF-EVs and UF-EVs, 18 miRNAs were significantly more abundant in UF-EVs, while 5 were less abundant compared to OF-EVs group, suggesting distinct roles in embryo-maternal communication. The most abundant miRNAs, included ocu-miR-148a-3p, ocu-let-7i-5p, and ocu-miR-10b-5p, related to embryo development and implantation. Target gene prediction analysis revealed that OF-EVs miRNAs are linked to MAPK, Hippo, TGF-β, Ras, PI3K-Akt, and mTOR pathways, while UF-EVs are associated with Hippo, PI3K-Akt, FoxO, endocytosis, and mTOR pathways, essential for cell proliferation, differentiation, immune regulation, and embryo-maternal interactions. Our findings suggest that EVs in rabbit reproductive fluids could play a fundamental role in early embryonic development. Future research should focus on the functional validation of these key candidate miRNAs, particularly those involved in reproductive physiology, offering promising insights for reproductive biotechnology and veterinary medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 117528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}